英语词汇学自考题-24

1、英语词汇学自考题-24（总分：92.01 ,做题时间：90分钟）一、B I ./B（ 总题数：7,分数：14.00） I.Associative meaning is not affected by.A.experienceB.cultureC.languageD.education（分数：2.00）V解析：解析Associative meaning is liable to the influence of such factors as culture, experience, religion, geographical region, class background, educati

2、on, etc .联想意义易受文化、经历、宗教、 地域、阶级背景、教育等因素的影响。答案为Co2.are affective words as they are expressions of emotions such as oh, dear me, alas.A.PrepositionsB.InterjectionsC.ExclamationsD.Explanations（分数：2.00）V解析：解析oh（哦），dear me（天哪），alas（唉）这些词都是表示感情的，是感叹词，即 interjections 。 prepositions是介词； exclamations 是惊叹词。答案为

3、 B。3.In many cases, the appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are brought out in A. languageB. contextC. tenseD. education（分数：2.00）VC.D.解析：解析In many cases, the appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are brought out in context.在很多情况下，词的褒义或贬义会在语境中显现出来。答案为 R4.Which of the following

4、 statements is not true?A. Connotative meaning refers to associations suggested by the conceptual meaning.b B. Stylistic meaning accounts for the formality of the word concerned.C. Affective meaning is universal to all men alike.D. Denotative meaning can always be found in the dictionary.（分数：2.00）V解

5、析：解析内涵意义是指由概念意义所暗示的言外之意或联想意义，A正确。文体意义是指词的正式程度，B 正确。 Affective meaning indicates the speakers attitude towards the person or thing inquestion .感情意义显示了言者对于正在讨论的人或事的态度，C错误。答案为C。5.Collocation can affect.A. the meaning of wordsB. the structure of sentencesC. the spelling of wordsD. the function of words（

6、分数：2.00）V解析：解析green（绿色）是一种颜色，但当其出现于像green on the job（在那项工作上是生手）、greenfruit（未成熟的果实）、green with envy（妒忌得眼睛发红）及green-eyed monster（妒忌的魔鬼）等短语中，其意义明显受到了影响。答案为 Ao6.One is filled with ambition usually works hard. The reactionarys chief ambition is to become the emperor. The affective meanings of the two sen

7、tences individually are:.A.pejorative, appreciativeB.appreciative, pejorativeC.pejorative, pejorativeD.appreciative, appreciative（分数：2.00）VD.解析：解析题干译文：“雄心勃勃的人常常工作十分努力。” “那个反动分子的首要野心是当上皇帝。”这两个句子的情感意义分别是什么？第一句ambition译为雄心，显然是褒义；第二句译为野心，是贬义。答案为Bot is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectiv

8、e meanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meaning are revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning（分数：2.00） A.B.C.D. V解析：解析It is again noticeable that collocative meaning overlaps with stylistic and affective m

9、eanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meanings are revealed by means of collocations.值得注意的是因为某种意义上说文体和感情意义都是通过搭配来揭示的，所以搭配意义与文体意义及感情意义发生了重叠。答案为D。二、B n./B（总题数：15,分数：30.00）8.A word is the 1 of form and meaning. （分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案： combination ）解析：解析词是形式和意义的什么 ?A word is the combina

10、tion of form and meaning.答案为 combination 9.By the form of the word we mean both its 1 and spelling.（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案： pronunciation ）解析：解析我们所说的形式是指词的什么和拼写？By the form we mean both its pronunciation andmeaning.答案为 pronunciation 。.Reference is the 1 between language and the world.（分数：2.00）填空项1: （正

11、确答案：relationship ）解析：解析所指是语言与周围世界的什么？Reference is the relationship between language and theworld .答案为 relationship 。.The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is 1 and conventional.（分数：2.00）填空项1: （正确答案：arbitrary ）解析：解析词对语言以外的事物的指称是什么样的和约定俗成的？The reference of a word to a thingoutside th

12、e language is arbitrary and conventional. 答案为 arbitrary 。12.In many cases meaning is used in the sense of 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1: （正确答案：concept ）解析：解析 在许多情况下，意义”在使用中作什么讲 ？In many cases meaning is used in the sense of concept .答案为 concept 。.Meaning and concept are closely connected but not（分数：2.00）填空项1: （正确

13、答案：identical ）解析：解析意义和概念有紧密的联系，但并不怎么样？Meaning and concept are closely connected butnot identical .答案为 identical 。.The synonymous pair die-pass away has the same 1 but different stylistic values.（分数：2.00）填空项1: （正确答案：concept ）解析：解析die和pass away表示的概念是相同的，但社会文化和文体有差异。答案为 concept。.The connection of the s

14、ign and meaning does not have a logical explanation. That is to say most words are 1.（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案：non-motivated ）解析：解析符号和意义之间并没有逻辑上的理解性。也就是说多数词都是什么样的？Most words can besaid to be non-motivated. That is, the connection of the sign and meaning does not have a logical explanation .答案为 non-motiv

15、ated 。6.In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their 1, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds and noises.（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案：meanings）解析：解析在现代英语中，人们可能发现有些词的声音暗示了其什么，因为这些词是通过模仿自然声音创造出来的。 In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest th

16、eir meanings, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds and noises. 答案为 meanings。. 1 motivation means the words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案：Onomatopoeic）解析：解析通过模拟自然声音创造词叫做什么理据？拟声理据是指通过模仿自然声音创造词。答案为Onomatopoeic。. 1 motivation refers

17、to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. （分数：2.00）填空项1: （正确答案：Semantic ）解析：解析由词的概念意义所暗示的联系意义叫做什么理据？Semantic motivation refers to the mentalassociations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. 答案为 Semantic。.Functional words such as prepositions, conjunctions, t

18、hough having little lexical meaning, possess strong 1 meaning.（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案：grammatical ）解析：解析诸如介词，连词等功能词尽管词汇意义很弱，但拥有很强的什么意义?Functional words suchas prepositions, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.答案为 grammatical 。.Lexieal meaning has conc

19、eptual meaning and 1 meaning.（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案：associative ）解析：解析 词汇意义包括概念意义和什么意义？Lexical meaning has two components: conceptualmeaning and associative meaning 。 答案为 associative 。.Words such as vicious, tyrant, determined, famous, notorious usually indicate the speakers attitude towards the pers

20、on or thing in question. They have 1 meaning in themselves.（分数：2.00）填空项1: （正确答案：affective ）解析：解析什么意义显示了言者对于正在讨论的人或事的态度？Affective meaning indicates thespeakers attitude towards the person or thing in question. 答案为 affective 。22.Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its 1

21、. （分数：2.00）填空项1: （正确答案：collocation ）解析：解析搭配意义由一个词在其什么中所获得的联想所组成？Collective meaning consists of theassociations a word acquires in its collocation. 答案为 collocation 。三、B ID./B（总题数：6,分数：24.00）23.motivation（分数：4.00） 正确答案：（Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meani

22、ng.） 解析：24.onomatopoeic motivation（分数：4.00） 正确答案：（Onomatopoeic motivation explains the words whose sounds suggest their meaning, becausethese words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises.）解析：25.morphological motivation（分数：4.00） 正确答案：（Morphological motivation concerns the words whose

23、morphological structures suggest their meaning, for generally speaking, the meaning of a derived word or a compound is based on the meanings of the word-building elements.）解析：26.semantic motivation（分数：4.00） 正确答案：（Semantic motivation is the mental associations based on the conceptual meaning of aword

24、, i.e. the figurative sense of a word suggested by the literal sense.）解析：27.grammatical meaning（分数：4.00） 正确答案：（Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meanings of noun

25、s, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms.）解析：28.appreciative（分数：4.00） 正确答案：（The appreciative are words which have positive overtones to show ones appreciation or the attitude of approval.）解析：四、B W ./B（ 总题数：8,分数：16.00）.What is reference?（分数：2.00） 正确答案：（Words are but symbols, manyof whic

26、h have meaning only when they have acquired reference.Reference is the relationship between language and the world. In other words only whena connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent does the sign become meaningful. The reference of a word to a thing outside the lan

27、guage is arbitrary and conventional.) 解析：.What is the relationship between meaning and concept?(分数：2.00)正确答案：(Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical. They are both related directly to referents and are notions of the words but belong to different categories. Concept, which is be

28、yond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on whereas meaning belongs to language, so is restricted to language use. Therefore, a concept can have as many referring e

29、xpressions as there are languages in the world. Even in the same language, the same concept can be expressed in different words.) 解析：.How do you interpret the four types of motivations?(分数：2.00)正确答案：(Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. There are four

30、 types of motivations: (1)Onomatopoeic motivation: In modern English, there are some words whose sounds suggest their meanings, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. For example, bow-wow, bang and the like are onomatopoetically motivated words. (2) Morphological mot

31、ivation: Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined. Quite often, if one knows the meaning of each morpheme, one can figure out the meaning of the word, e.g. airmailmeans to mailby air. (3)Semantic motivation: It refers

32、to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word. For example, when we use the foot of the mountain, we are comparing the lower part of the mountain to the foot of a human being. (4)Etymolo

33、gical motivation. The meanings of many words often relate directly to their origins. In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of the word. All the words commonized from proper nouns can be interpreted in terms of their origins.) 解析：.Does motivation contradict the theory of arbitra

34、riness and conventionality concerning the relationship between linguistic symbols and their senses? Why?(分数：2.00) 正确答案：(No. Because motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbols and their meaning. But since the relationship between the word-form and meaning is conventional an

35、darbitrary, words should be non-motivated. Nevertheless, many words are motivated to a certainextent in terms of sound, morphology, semantics, and etymology.)解析：.Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Doyou agree or disagree to this comment? State you

36、r reason(s) with at least three examples. (分数：2.00)正确答案：(I agree to this comment. Shakespeare is more difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different senses from what they have now in contemporary daily life. Take his well-known play Hamlet as an e

37、xample. Rival means partneras in The rivals of my watch, bid them make hasten; jump means just as in Thus-twice before, and jump at this dead hour; vulgar means common as in as common as any the most vulgar thing to sense; censure means opinion as in Take each mans censure, but reserve thy judgement

38、.) 解析：.What is grammatical meaning of a word? Give an example to illustrate your point.(分数：2.00) 正确答案：(Grammatical meaning refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicatesgrammatial concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense me

39、aning of verbs and their inflectional forms. For example, forget (base verb), forgets(3rd person singular form), forgot(past form), forgotten(present perfect form) andforgetting (progressive form).)解析：.What is affective meaning? What are words with positive or negative emotive values used to denote?

40、(分数：2.00) 正确答案：(Affective meaning indicates the speakers attitude towards the person or thing in conversation. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. Words of positive overtones are used to show appreciative or the attitude of approval;those of negative connotations imply disapproval, contempt or criticism.)解析：.What is colloeative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.(分数：2.00)正确答案：(Collacative meaning