综英4课文1,3,4,5,6,9单元重点翻译

1、精品UnitlThose memories of forking out thousands of pounds a yearhsocthahd eat well and go to the odd party, began tofSde每年为孩子支付费用让他可以吃好参加新奇排 队的记忆开始慢慢消退。This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a member of Generation Gr unt.这位前“千玺一代”的后裔一夜之间变成哼哼唧唧的一代的成员I passed the exams, but at the

2、 interviews they accusedrme ofodetached and talki ng in language that w asootechnocratic whiChJdidn think possible, but obviously i tis我通过了考试，但是面试时他们却谴责我太冷漠，讲话像技术政治论者，我不 这样认为，但显然我的确是这样的。Forthe rest it is 9-to -5chilling be fore heading to the pSb 的都是朝九晚五的“无 所事事”，晚上去酒吧喝酒打发时间。I went to a comprehensive

3、 and I worked my backside off to go to the goocftniversity.的是一所综合性中学，我拼命读书才考上一所好的大学。but having worked full-time since leaving school herself, she and her husband find it tricky to advise him on how to proceed!从离开学校就开始做全职工作，因此她和她的丈夫发现建议孩子如何继续找工作是件很棘手的事情Carry on life as normal dodi tallow them to abus

4、e your bank account or sap your reser ves of emotional energ舟要过正常的生活，不要让孩子滥用你的银行卡或榨干你 的情感能量After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into theSaddled这之后，儿女就该被父母坚决要求继续求职If you ask me, real life is not all cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teach

5、ers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our shelt ered life as students, and what do/nd看,现实生活并没有人们想象的那么美好。 我们上了 12年的中、小学，又上了3年大学，这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈 论在备受呵护的学生生活之外的那个广阔天地里的各种机会，可我遇到的又是什 么呢？Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially

6、 boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with rttoH eyust so expensive out here! Ever yone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manag er wants repayments on my student loan,the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity an d my mobile bills kee

7、p coming in, aithdaall beforeI vhad anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, aIskingirfterested in buying a pension. And this rate,won teven last till the end of the year, let alonenti60.无论我怎么想保 持心情愉快，可麻烦事总是接踵而来：有时是跟人发生矛盾尤其是跟男孩子，天 哪！他们什么时候才能长大？)，但通常是为钱发愁。这个地方什么东西都很贵！ 人人都

8、想从我身上赚点钱：税务局要收个人所得税，银行经理要我偿清学生贷款， 房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费，手机账单也不断地寄来。所有这些还没 算上吃饭的钱。更可气的是，不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙我打电话，问 我要不要买养老金。照这样下去，我甚至都支撑不到年底，更别提活到60岁领养 老金了。spending money when youRO rtnave any is dead eOsy.发现在你没钱时花钱最容易What were the odds on anyone being sonCe?上这么好的人能有几个？looking back after all these years, you

9、 only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed.回顾这些年，我发现人只要有一两次的转折就能成功Unit 3No history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines foswomtenanddresses.1960 2010年的时装史不可忽略和低估的两个不变事实是“无处不在的牛 仔和女装裙摆

10、的升降。Exactly why women should want to expose more or less of their legs during periods of econo mic boomand bust remains a mystery.繁荣和萧条时期女性到底为什么要多暴露或少暴露双腿仍是谜It was given greater respectability when the great French desrignegeCoUoped it in to an item of high fashi朗法国杰出的时装设计师Coit矩ge变成一套高级时装时，超短裙受到了更多的

11、尊敬。. which were described by one commentat(bh eprim and proper look is in” 正 如一位评论家所言，一本正经，循规蹈矩的服装又开始流行。During the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely, and have usually been sparked o ff by a desire to identify people as belonging to a particular sUb-cUt时勘时装的 风格多种多样，他们的诞生源于人们希望归属于某种亚文化、与

12、之认同的愿望。Sometimes the hemline indicator, ascalled, can even precede and predict a change in th e mood of the stock market long before it actually happens. In September 2007, at the New York fashion shows, which were displaying their styles for spring 2008, the trend was for muc h longer dresses and s

13、kirts, many to mid-calf or even down to the ankles. Some people felt thi s showed that the hemline indicator was no longer reliable, and that designers no longer dictat ed what people would wear. During the London and New York fashion shows in September 2008, hemlines continued to drop. But sure eno

14、ugh, in the fall of 2008, the stock market inde xes fell dramatically when the banking crisis hit the US, Europe and then the rest of the world .Hemlines were no longer following the stock mathey were showing the way and indi cating future economic trends寸候，所谓的裙摆标志甚至能够预示股市的行情。2007年9月的纽约时装展展示了 200孙春节

15、流行式样，潮流转向了长衣、长裙， 裙摆长及小腿中部，甚至到了脚踝。有人觉得这表明裙摆标志靠不住了，服装设 计师已经丧失了对时装的主宰权。200七9月，在伦敦和纽约时装展中，裙摆的高度继续降低。果然，200中秋天金融危机袭击欧美，并波及全球，股指急剧下 跌。这时，裙摆不再被动地追随股市的变化，而是预示股市行情及未来的经济趋 势。. sidling up and down in the sUf海浪里起起伏伏I veDurnt my shoulde磁的肩膀被晒伤了There is no hard and fast riiS里没有硬性规定. but she works mostly to commis

16、sion也主要做订单产品. a huge glass cabinet that preside over heft她djo.作室内有一个巨大的橱柜放 在显眼的位置展示海洋玻璃The creation of sea glass is a form of recycling, but more than that, it is an example of nature compensating fonan sfolly海洋玻璃的发明是回收利用的一种形式，不仅如此， 它还是大自然补救人类愚蠢行为的一个例子Although no one considered the consequences of h

17、urling glass intoihe没曲人 思考过向大海倾倒玻璃会造成什么样的后果，但这件事最后演变成一个完美的过 程：玻璃最终碎了，变成了沙子。Today responsible attitude to its disposal, revolving around recycling where possible, is va stly superior, but it signals the end of the sea-g： tessera 玻璃废物处理的负责态度 是尽量重新回收利用废旧玻璃，这的确是有巨大的好处，但同时也预示着海洋玻 璃时代的结束Its eco-credential

18、s lend sea glass further -appeal s murky reputation for damaging the environment in the extraction process and the diiadusny poor human rights record play into the hands of designers who have chosen to work with a material that puts a wa ste product to use.当人们开始对珠宝的来源提问时，海洋玻璃的生态优势就让它更具吸引力。黄金提炼会给环境带来

19、损害，它的坏名声及钻石业糟糕的人权记录正好给选择变废为宝的珠宝设计师带来了极大的优势Unit 4My credit card was a fairly pathetic, status-free dawherea s hes was a very exclusive gold on或的信用卡太寒酸了，是不显示身份地位的深蓝色卡，而她的信用卡则是 高级的金卡。Now I had a job which was as steady as any job was in those dayssayatnot very,but you know,no complaints（一份跟那时候任何工作相比还算安

20、定的工作虽然不是非常安定，不过我也没什么可抱怨的。They target people who are prone to impulse-buying, and potentially bad credit risks,temptedto spend more than they have, and liable to fall behind with repayments 客户是那些随时有购物刷卡的冲动、有潜在信用风险、经不住诱惑超支消费、并且经常延期还款的人。After I d hauled her back into the house.it transpired that her ba

21、nk had written to her offering a credit card at a low interest for a trial three-month period , subject to suitability .and so on.Her bank! I trusted them! They know even better than I do how broke she i我费了好大劲儿才把她从外面拽了回来。原来她的银行来信告诉她说：她可以申请一张试用期为三个月的、能够低息贷款的信用卡，只要满足要求,如此云云。她的银行！我才不相信他们！他们甚至比我更清楚，我的女儿

22、一贫如洗。Naturally,there was a lengthy correspondence while she tried to sort this out,so the delay in being able access her funds meant that she went into the red,and her debates began to rise more than 200above the agreed limit on her overdr aft o50Cffi 过书信同车艮行交 涉的时间相当长，而未能及时支取账户资金使她欠了银行的债，欠款额超过了透 支额度

23、（1,50狈镑）200多英镑。And here we are today, caught in the Credit crunch, with world economies in free fall, all because the wicked bankers set us traps which we fall into ,attracting us with endless publicity for loan of money which even they didlnave6就是我们现在的处境。随着世界经济 一落千丈，我们都处在信贷危机之中。所有这一切都是因为邪恶的银行家通过大 量

24、广告推销他们压根就不存在的贷款来吸引我们，给我们设圈套。Today, while most of us marry for romantic reasons, marriage at its core is still a financial uni on. So much of what we wanordon want - out of life boils down to dollars and cents, whether how hard we choose to work, how much we consume or how much we sav e. For some peo

25、pite/ working 80-hour weeks to finance a third home and country club membership; for others, it means cutting backon office hours to spend more time with the famiy.尽管我们大多数人是因相爱而结婚，婚姻从根本上讲仍然是金钱上的结合。不管是工作的努力程度，还是决定消费多少或储蓄多少，我们生活中想要得到的-或不想得到的-许多东西归根结底都跟钱有关。对有些人来说，他们想要的就是一周工作80小时来支付第三套房的房款 和乡村俱乐部的会员费；而对

26、另一些人来说，他们想缩短上班时间，花更多的时 问陪伴家人。A lot of the debates people have about money are code for how we wan!iVeS,vesour aid Betsey Stevenson, assistant professor of business and public policy at the University of Pe nnsylvania Wharton School, who researches the economics of marriage adivorce.lot of the choice

27、s we make in how we want to live our lives involve how we spend our money. “关于钱的许多争论是提示我们想如何生活的密码间生活方式的许多选择则与 如何花钱密切相关。”宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的商业及公共政策助理教授贝 齐史蒂文森如是说，他研究婚姻和离婚经济学。Making those choices as a team is one of the most important ways to preserve your marital as sets, and your union, experts say. B ith

28、at much easier when you already share similar o utlooks on money mattersor when you can, at the very least, find some middleround.家们说夫妻双方共同做出选择是保护婚姻资产及婚姻关系的重要方式，当然，如 果一开始就和跟你有相同金钱观的人结婚，或者至少和另一方在金钱观上互相妥 协，事情就容易得多。Unit 5As sport and leisure have been shown to occupy about 10 per cent of conversation t

29、ime, discussion of football could well account for the difference育和休闲大约占 10% 的说 话时间，所以很可能是谈论足球的时间导致了这种性别的差异。On further questioning, however, the difference turned out to be more a matter of semantics than practice: What the women were happy togossip the men defined asexchan ginginformation ” .在接下来的提

30、我怫现两者的差别只在于语义层面而非实践层面：女性通常称为“说闲话”的活动在男性那里被定义为“信息交流”Clearly, there is a stigma attached to gossip among English males, and unwritten rule to the ef fect that, even if what one is doing is gossiping, it should be called sonme辘ing&lse.英国男性眼里说闲话是一件可耻的事情，这条不成文的规则已经深入人心，因此 就算一个人真的在说闲话，他也会把它说成是另一回事。For wom

31、en, this detailed speculation about possible motives and causes, requiring an exhausti ve raking over history is a , crucial element of gossip人而言，详细推测动机和原因与详细推测可能的后果一样是闲话的关键因素，它要求对“过去的历史”进行 详尽的梳理The term “marked” is a staple of linguistieory.“带标记的”这个术语是语言学理论的一个主要概念Any marked form can pick up extra m

32、eaning beyond what the marking is intended to denote.任何带标记的形式都很容易产生超出该标记含义的额外含义。Although no man wore make-up,(yGaildn say the medidn wear make-up in the s ense that you could say a woman wear make-up.然男人不化妆，但男人不化妆 的含义和女人不化妆的含义却大不相同。对男人而言，不化妆是不带标记的。She was caught completely off guard可题让她感到惊讶Yet no ma

33、ke-up at all is anything but unmarked妆不代表着你没被标记A married woman who wants to have her cake and at it too may use her surname plus his. Bu t this too announces that she is or has been married and often results in a tongue-tying string t hat makes life miserable for anyone who needs to alphabetiZeit两全其

34、美的已婚 妇女可以用自己的姓加上丈夫的姓，但这样也同样是宣布她已经结婚，还常常会 带来一串长得叫人说不清的名字，让那些必须叫她名字的人倍感煎熬。Womencan even fill out a form without telling stories about themselves. Most applicatio n forms now give four choices for titles. Men have one to chocMe. ” - so their ch oice carries no meaning other than to say they are male. B

35、ut women must choose among thre e, each of them marked. A woman who checks the boMrsr or Miss communicates not only whether she has been married but also that she has conservative tastes in forms of address, and probably other conservative values as well. ClMsck ingclines to let on about marriage (w

36、hereaMr. declines nothing since nothing was asked), but it also m arks the woman who checks it on her form as either liberated or rebellious, depending on the attitudes and assumptions of the one making the judgments 表就会暴露自己的 个人经历。现在大多数的申请表会给出四种称谓选择。男人只有一种选择，即“先生” （Mr.）,这除了表明他们是男性之外没有其他任何含义。女人则必须从三种

37、 称谓中选一个，而任何一种都是标记性的。如果一位女士勾选了 “太太” （Mrs.） 或者“小姐”（Mis的称谓，那么她不仅暴露了自己的婚姻状况，而且还表明她 在称谓方面很保守,或许在其他价值观念方面也很保守。如果她选择“女士”（Ms.） 这一称谓，那么说明她拒绝透露自己的婚姻状况（而男士选“先生”这个称谓时 则没有故意隐瞒任何事情，因为本来就没有要求他透露婚姻信息）。另外，在表 格中勾选“女士”这一称谓的人会被标记为思想解放的人或叛逆者，这就要看评 判她的人持什么样的态度和看法了。I sometimes try to duck these variously marked choices by

38、 giving mD ititfe asand thereby risk marking myself as either uppity （hence sarcastic respcExessme! ” ） or an over-achiever （hence reactions of congratulatory surprGe.diker you! ” 我 有时会选择“博士”头衔，以避开这几种带标记的称谓选项。但这么做又会给自 己带来风险，标明自己要么骄傲自大（于是乎招来讥讽的反应，比如“对不起， 我不知道你是博士！”），要么是一个成功欲过强的人（那么对方的反应就是祝 贺时的惊奇，比如“你

39、真行！”）UNIT6to wage war against a monstrous tyranny, never surpassed in the dark, lamentable catalogu e ofhuman crim和黑暗的、可悲的人类罪恶史上最穷凶极恶的暴政作战。But self-belief was something he maintained despite rather than because of his family.His father Lord Randolph Churc hilland his mother, Jen niewere both cold an

40、d distant people.但是他一直能够保持自信却与他的家庭无关，他的家人并没有给他多少支持。他的 父亲伦道夫丘吉尔勋爵（1849-1895和母亲珍妮（1854-192）1都是冷漠、拒人于千 里之外的人。WinstoHs father predicted his child wo Udegenerate into a shabby, unhappy and futile existence温斯顿的父亲不仅没有给他支持和帮助，还预测他的儿子将来会“沦落到穷困潦倒，53.一事无成，抑郁而终的地步”This was the onset of his first major bout of d

41、epression, a curse he “caaed dhog丘吉尔第一次犯严重的抑郁症就是从那个时候开始的，他把这个让他痛苦不堪的疾病称为他的“黑狗”（沮丧）She kept him together, but he got himself out of it, in true Churchillianfashions起来，但最终丘吉尔以自己特有的方式走出了抑郁But by 1930, Labour was in power and he was on the backbenches, a nobody and a has-been.但是到了 1933,工党开始执政，而他只是一名后座议员

42、，一个无足轻重的小人物，一个过气的政客。He largely sat out the 1930s at his country retreat Chartwelt30“B分时间，他者B在他的乡间别墅查特威尔庄园里闲坐度日精品精品The billboards saidCheer Churchill, Vote Labou,rand thats what people did. That was the irony. the very democracy that Churchill was prepared to lay down his life to defend was t he same

43、democracy that knew the difference between the needs of peace and the :Heeds of war.告示牌上写着“为丘吉尔喝彩，给工党投票”，后来人们的确是这么做的。这真 是充满了讽刺意味。丘吉尔随时准备誓死保卫的民主国家知道和平时代的需求和 战时的需求是不一样的If Britain its eccentricity, its strength of character, its big-heartexanefes be summe d up in one person, it was himl要用一个人来代表英国的怪僻、坚强

44、的个性、宽大 的胸怀，那就是丘吉尔。The historian is not required to have the special skills which enable the expert to determine th e origin and period of a fragment of pottery or marble, to decipher an obscure inscription, or to make the elaborate astronomical calculations necessary to establish a precise date. The

45、se so -called basic facts which are the same for all historians commonly belong to the category of th e raw materials of the historian rather than of history itself. The second observation is that the necessity to establish these basic facts rests not on any quality in the facts themselves, but on a

46、 priori decision of the historian. In spite oSCo P. motto, every journalist knows toda y that the most effective way to influence opinion is by the selection and arrangement of the a ppropriate facts. It used to be said that facts speak for themselves. This is, of course, untrue. The facts speak onl

47、y when the historian calls on them: It is he who decides to which facts to give the floor, and in what order or context. It was, I think,Pinrnofello characters who said that a fact is like a sackt won tstand up till yuo veout something in it. The only reasonwhy we are interested to know that the bat

48、tle was fought at Hastings in 1066 is that historians regard it as a major historical event. It is the historian who has decided for his own reasons th atCaesar crossing of that petty stream, the Rubicon, is a fact of history, whereas the crossi ng of the Rubicon by millions of other people before o

49、r since interests nobody at all. The fact that you arrived in this building half an hour ago on foot, or on a bicycle, or in a car, is just as much a fact about the past as the fact that Caesar crossed thet Rubicon需要掌 握特殊的技能去确定陶瓷或大理石残片的起源与断代、解读一段意义隐晦的铭文的含义、或是为确定一个准确的日期而进行繁复的天文计算。这些所谓的基本事 实对所有的历史学家来说

50、都是一样的，它们是历史学家可用的原始素材，而非历 史本身。我要说的第二点是，之所以有必要确定这些基本的事实并不取决于事实 的可靠性，而是取决于历史学家事先做出的判断。尽管C.P司各特的那句箴言深入 人心（注：司各特的箴言comments are free, but factsaceed.“事实不可歪曲，评述大可自由”），但是现在每一名新闻记者都知道要影响大众舆论，最有效的方 式就是对特定的事实进行选择和剪接。人们以前常说事实不言自明。这种说法显 然是错误的，历史事实只是在历史学家用到时才会不言自明。哪些事实可以现身 说法，以及这些事实以什么样的顺序或是在什么样的情景中出现都是由历史学家 来决定的。我记得皮兰德娄笔下的一个人物曾经说过：事实就像一个麻袋一一不 塞点东西进去就立不起来。我们之所以对106金发生在黑斯廷斯的战役感兴趣的 唯一原因就是历史学家把这一战役看作是一个重大的历史事件。历史学家们依照 自己的推断，认为凯撒穿越那条小河卢比孔河是一个史实，但没有人对在他之前或是之后几百万其他人穿过这条河的举动感兴趣。你半个小时之前或徒步、或骑车或开车来到这幢大楼，这件事 和当年凯撒渡过卢比孔河一样都是一个关于过去的客观事实。The belief in a hard core of historical facts existing object