标准航海用语

1、INTRODUCTIONTheseSMCPhavebeencompiled:-toassistinthegreatersafetyofnavigationandoftheconductofship,-tostandardizethelanguageusedincommunicationfornavigationatsea,inport-approaches,inwaterways,harboursandonboardvessels.标准航海通信用语用于：-提高航海和船舶操纵的安全性；-使海上航行、进出港操纵、水道航行、港内作业及船上业务的通信语言标准化。Thesephrasesarenotin

2、tendedtosupplantorcontradicttheInternationalRegulationsPreventingCollisionsatSea,1972orspeciallocalrulesorrecommendationsmadebyIMOconcerningshipsrouteing.NeitheraretheyintendedtosupersedetheInternationalCodeSignalsnortosupplantnormalradiotelephonepracticeassetoutintheITURegulations.这些语句不用作代替1972年国际海

3、上避碰规则、特殊规则以及国际海事组织对于船舶日常作业作出的建议，也不打算与这些规则相矛盾；这些语句不用作取代国际信号规则，也不用作代替国际电信联盟规定的正常无线电话通信规则。TheseSMCPmeettherequirementsoftheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,andoftheSOLASConvention,1974,asrevised,regardingverbalcommunications;moreover,thephrasescoverthecommunicationrelevantsafetyaspectslaiddownintheseConve

4、ntions.Knowledge,understandingandthecompetencetousetheSMCParerequiredbytheSTCWConvention,1978,asrevised,forofficersinchargeofanavigationalwatchonvesselsof500grosstormore.Useofthecommunicationphrasesshouldbemadeasoftenaspossibleinpreferencotherwordingofsimilarmeaning,andtheyshouldbepartofinstructioni

5、nmaritimeeducaandtraining.标准航海通信用语符合经修正的1978年海员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约、经修正的1974年国际海上人命安全公约有关口语通信的要求；而且，这些用语也包括了上述两个公约中有关安全事宜的通信。经修正的1974年国际海上人命安全公约对于500总吨及以上船舶的值班驾驶员使用标准航海通信用语的知识水平、理解能力和应用能力作出了要求。在通信中，标准航海通信用语的使用应优先于其它具有类似意义的措辞，而且这应成为航海教育与培训内容的一部分。Inthiswaytheyareintendedtobecomeanacceptablesafetylanguage,us

6、ingtheEnglilanguage,fortheverbalinterchangeofintelligencebetweenindividualsofallmaritimenonthemanyandvariedoccasionswhenprecisemeaningsandtranslationsareindoubt,increasinglyevidentundermodernconditionsatsea.ForthatpurposetheSMCPbuildonbaknowledgeoftheEnglishlanguage,andtheyhavebeendraftedinasimplifi

7、edversionofmaritimeEnglishintentionallyreducinggrammatical,lexicalandidiomaticvarietiestoatolerableminimumandstandardizedstructuresforthesakeofthefunctionoftheSMCP,i.diminishingmisunderstandinginsafetyrelatedverbalcommunications.在现代航海生产中，标准航海通信用语旨在当表达和翻译有异义时逐渐成为航运国家所有人员之间口语通信中可接受的有关安全的英语语言。为此，标准航海通信

8、用语基于英语的基本知识，其起草中，将语法、词汇和惯用法缩减到了可接受的最低水平，形成了标准结构，也就是说，在有关安全的口语通信中减少了有歧义的部分。TheaccompanyingCD/Cassettecouldbehelpfultofamiliarizewiththecorrectpronunciationofthephrases.附加的光盘和磁盘有助于熟悉这些用语的发音。Thetypographicalconventionsusedthroughoutmostofthiscommunicationphrasesarefollows:这些用语中使用的常用编排符号如下：()brackets括号i

9、ndicatethatthepartofthemessageenclosedwithinthebracketsmaybeaddedwhererelevant,ortheyencloseabriefexplanationoftheprecedingphrase;括号中的内容是可添加的内容，或是前述内容的简单解释；/obliquestroke斜线indicatesthattheitemsoneithersideofthestrokearealternatives;and,斜线表示其左右的内容可供选择；.dots三点线indicatethattherelevantinformationistobef

10、illedinwherethedotsoccurand.省略符表示在其出现处应添加有关内容。(italiclet斜体s)indicatethekindofinformationrequested.斜体表示所需的信息种类。PARTI-GENERAL总论1Procedure程序WhenitisnecessarytoindicatethattheSMCParetobeused,thefollowingmessagebesent:应使用标准航海通信用语时应用下述句子说明：PleaseuseStandardMarineCommunicationPhrasesIwilluseStandardMarineC

11、ommunicationPhrasesSpellingWheninexternalcommunicationspellingisnecessary,onlythefollowingspellingtabshouldbeused:在与船外进行拼读通信时，应按下表的规定进行拼读：LetterCodeLetterCodeAAlfaNNovemberBBravoOOscarCCharliePPapaDDelta,QQuebecEEchoRRomeoFFoxtrotSSierraGGolfTTangoHHotelUUniformIIndiaVVictorJJulietWWhiskyKKiloXX-ray

12、LLimaYYankeeMMikeZZuluFigureCodeword0Nadazero1Unaone2Bissotwo3Terrathree4Kartefour5Pantafive6Soxisix7Setteseven8Oktoeight9NovenineFullstopStopDecimalpointDecimalMessageMarker语段标识Inshore-to-shipandship-to-shorecommunicationorradiocommunicationingeneral,thfollowingeightMessageMarkersmaybeused(aAlpspol

13、isceaetionofMessageMarkersgiveninsection6VesselTrafficService(VTS)StandardPhrasesofPARTIII):在“船一岸”和“岸一船”通信中及一般的无线电通信中，可使用下述8个语段标识。(另见第三部分第6节船舶交通管理(VTS)中“语段标识的应用”)(i)Instruetic指示(ii)Advice建议(iii)Warning警告(iv)Informatio#言息(v)Question问题(vi)Answer回答(vii)Request请求(viii)Intentio意图Response回应4.1Whentheanswe

14、rtoaquestionisintheaffirmative,say:Yes,-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作肯定回答，请用“Yes”，后接全句。4.2Whentheanswertoaquestionisinthenegative,say:No,.-followedbytheappropriatephraseinfull.若作否定回答，请用“No”，后接全句。4.3Whentheinformationrequestedisnotimmediatelyavailable,say:Standby-followedbythetimeintervalwi

15、thinwhichtheinformationwilavailable.若对方要求的信息不能立即得到，请用“Standb”，后停取得信息所需的时间。4.4Whentheinformationrequestedcannotbeobtained,say:Noinformation.若对方要求的信息无法得到，请用“Noinformatid”。4.5WhenanINSTRUCTION(e.g.byaVTS-Station,Navalvesselorotherfullyauthorizedpersonnel)oranADVICEisgiven,respondifintheaffirmative:Iwil

16、l/can.-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull;and,ifinthenegative,respond:Iwillnot/cannot.-followedbytheinstructionoradviceinfull.对于一项指示(如由交管站、海军船舶或其他经受权人员给出)或建议，若作肯定回答，请用“Iwill/ea”，后接指示或建议的全句；若作否定回答，请用“Iwillnot/eann”t后接指示或建议的全句。Example:ADVICE.Donotovertakevesselaheadofyou.Respond:Iwillnotovertakeve

17、sselaheadofme.Theresponsestoordersofspecialimportance,however,aregiveninwordininthephrasesconcerned.对于具有特殊重要意义的命令的回应，在有关句中说明。Distress,urgencyandsafety遇险，紧急和安全信号5.1MAYDAYistobeusedtoannounceadistress用作标明遇险电话通信；5.2PAN-PANistobeusedtoannounceanurgencym用作标明紧急电话通信；5.3SCURITistobeusedtoannounceasafety用s作标

18、明安全电话通信。Standardorganizationalphr标准语句6.1Howdoyouread?6.1.1Ireadyou.bad/onewithsignalstrengthone(i.e.barelyperceptible)poor/twowithsignalstrengthtwo(i.e.weak)fair/threewithsignalstrengththree(i.e.fairlygood)good/fourwithsignalstrengthfour(i.e.good)excellent/fiwviethsignalstrengthfive(i.e.verygood)6.2

19、WhenitisadvisabletoremainonaVHFchannel/frequencysay:若建议在VHF某一频道或频率上守听，说：StandbyonVHFchannel./frequency.6.2.1WhenitisacceptedtoremainontheVHFchannel/frequencyindicated,say:若同意在某一指定的VHF频道或频率上守听，说：StandingbyonVHFchannel./frequency.6.3WhenitisadvisabletochangetoanotherVHFchannel/frequency,say:若建议改用VHF的另

20、一频道或频率，说：”Advise(you)changetoVHFchannel./frequency.,Advise(you)tryVHFchannel./frequency.6.3.1WhenthechangingofaVHFchannel/frequencyisaccepted,say:若同意改用VHF的另一频道或频率，说：ChangingtoVHFchannel./frequency.Correction修正Whenamistakeismadeinamessage,say:Mistake.-followedbytheword:Correction.plusthecorrectedpart

21、ofthemessage.若通信语句发生错误，说：Mistake.，后接Correction，再加改正的语句部分。Example:Mypresentspeed14knots-mistake.Correction,mypresentspeed12,one-two,knots.Readinei*妥Iam/Iamnotreadytoreceiveyourmessage.Repetiti重|复Ifanypartofthemessageareconsideredsufficientlyimportanttoneedsafeguarding,say:Repeat.-followedbythecorresp

22、ondingpartofthemessage.若语句的某部分特别重要而需要重复，说：Repeat.后接相应语句部分。Example:Mydraft12.6repeatone-twodecimal6metres.Donotovertake-repeat-donotovertake.Whenamessageisnotproperlyheard,say:Sayagain(please).若某语句未听清楚，说：Sayagain(please).Numbers数字Numbersaretobespokeninseparatedigits:数字应分读：One-five-zerofor150Twodecima

23、lfivefor2.5Note:Attention!Whenrudderanglese.g.inwheelordersaregiven,say:注意，舵令并不分读：Fifteenfor15orTwentyfor20etc.Positio位置11.1Whenlatitudeandlongitudeareused,theseshallbeexpressedindegreesanminutes(anddecimalsofaminuteifnecessary),northorsouthoftheEquatandeastorwestofGreenwich.使用经纬度时，应用度和分(若必要用分的10分位)

24、，后接南、北或东、西。Example:WARNING.Dangerouswreckinposition15degrees34minutesnorth61degrees29minuteswest.11.2Whenthepositionisrelatedtoamark,themarkshallbeawell-definedchaobject.Thebearingshallbeinthe360degreesnotationfromtruenorthandshallbethatofthepositionFROMthemark.若位置参照物标给出，则该物标必须在海图上有明确标志。方位应自真北起算以360

25、度给出，自物标量起。Example:Yourpositionbearing137degreesfromBarrHeadlighthousedistance2.4nauticalmiles.Bearing方位Thebearingofthemarkorvesselconcerned,isthebearinginthe360degreenotationnorth(truenorthunlessotherwisestated),exceptinthecaseofrelativebearings.BearibeeitherFROMthemarkorFROMthevessel.物标或船舶的方位，应自真北(

26、另有说明除外)起算以360度给出，但相对方位除外。方位可自物标亦可自船舶量起。Examples:Pilotboatbearing215degreesfromyou.Note:VesselsreportingtheirpositionshouldalwaysquotetheirbearingFROMthemarkdescribedinparagraph11.2ofthischapter.注意：船舶报告自己的船位时，方位应自物标量起，如本章11.2所述。12.1Relativebearing!对方位Relativebearingscanbeexpressedindegreesrelativetot

27、hevesselsheadorbow.Mofrequentlythisisinrelationtotheportorstarboardbow.相对方位可用相对于船首的角度数表示，常用首或右首表示。Example:Buoy030degreesonyourportbow.(RelativeD/Fbearingsaremorecommonlyexpressedinthe360deg测e向仪9tation.的相对方位常用360度表示）Course航向Alwaystobeexpressedin360degreenotationfromnorth（truenorthunlessotherwisestate

28、d）.WhetherthisistoTOorFROMamarkcanbestated.自真北以360度给出（另有说明除外），但可说明量向物标还是自物标量起。Distances离Preferablytobeexpressedinnauticalmilesorcables（tenthsofamile）otherwiseikilometresormetres,theunitalwaystobestated.最好以海里或链（海里的小数）给出，也可用千米或米给出，但使用单位必须明确说明。Spee速度Tobeexpressedinknots:应以节给出：15.1withoutfurthernotation

29、meaningspeedthroughthewater;or,未加说明时系指对水速度；15.2groundspeedmeaningspeedovertheground.groundspee（系指对地速度。Time时间Timesshouldbeexpressedinthe24hournotationindicatingwhetherUTC,zonetimeolocaltimeisbeingused.时间应以24小时给出，并表明所作用的是协调世界时、区时还是地方时。Geographicalname地名PlacenamesusedshouldbethoseonthechartorSailingDir

30、ectionsinuse.Shouldthesenotbeunderstood,latitudeandlongitudeshouldbegiven.地名应为海图或航路指南中所使用的名称，若不明确，应给出经纬度。Ambiguouswords意义不明确的单词SomewordsinEnglishhavemeaningsdependingonthecontextinwhichtheyappear.Misunderstandingsfrequentlyoccur,especiallyinVTScommunications,andhaveproducedaccidents.Suchwordsare:英语中

31、有些单词的意义与上下文有关。在分道通航制通信中常发生误解，并曾产生事故。例如：18.1TheConditionalsMay,Might,ShouldandCould.MayDonotsay:MayIenterfairway?Say:QUESTION.Isitpermittedtoenterfairway?Donotsay:Youmayenterfairway.Say:ANSWER.Itispermittedtoenterfairway.MightDonotsay:Imightenterfairway.Say:INTENTION.Iwillenterfairway.ShouldDonotsay:

32、YoushouldanchorinanchorageB3.Say:ADVICE.AnchorinanchorageB3.CouldDonotsay:Youcouldberunningintodanger.Say:WARNING.Youarerunningintodanger.18.2ThewordCanThewordCaneitherdescribesthepossibilityorthecapabilityofdoingsomething.SMCPthesituationswherephrasesusingthewordCanappearmakeitclearwhetherapossibil

33、ityisreferredto.Inanambiguouscontext,however,say,forexample:英文中，Can用以表示作某事的能力或用以表示作某事的可能性。在标准航海通信用语中，有Can的语句出现时，应确切表明是否表示可能性。例如，当不明确时应说：QUESTION.Isitpermittedtouseshallowdraftfairwayatthistime?,donotsay:CanIuseshallowdraftfairwayatthistime?,ifyouaskforapermiss(ThesameappliestothewordMay)Note:Incases

34、notcoveredbyPARTIGeneral,theregularcommunicationproceduresprescribedbytheITU-RadioRegulationswil.lprevail注意，在总论中未说明的情况下，通信中应优先采用国际电信同盟制定的无线电规则的规定。PARTII-GLOSSARY术语AbandonvesselToevacuateavesselfromcrewandpassengersfollowingadistress弃船遇险时将船员或旅客撤离船舶AdriftFloating,notcontrolled,withoutaclearlydetermina

35、bledirection漂航失控下无目的漂留AssemblystationPlaceondeck,inmessrooms,etc.,assignedtocrewandpassengerswheretheyhavetomeetaccordingtothemusterlistwhenthecorrespondingalarmisreleasedorannouncementmade集合地点船员和旅客在听到警报或通知时按应急表应前往集合的甲板或餐厅等处所Backing(ofwind)风向逆转Whenawindblowsroundanticlockwise(oppositeofveering)风向逆时针

36、改变，与veerin相反Beach(to)Torunavesseluponabeachtopreventitssinkingindeepwater抢滩船舶冲向海滩，以免沉没在深水区BerthAsearoomtobekeptforsafetyaroundavessel,rock,platform,etc.,ortheplaceassignedtoavesselwhenanchoreorlyingalongsideapier,etc.泊位船舶、礁石、平台等周围所保留的安全区，或为船舶指定的锚泊区或靠泊区等Blastizt=声号Asoundsignalmadewiththewhistleofthev

37、essel船笛发出的声响BlindsectorsAreaswhichcannotbescannedbytheradarofthevesselbecausetheyareshieldedbypartsofitssuperstructure,mastetc.盲区由于上层建筑、桅杆等的遮挡，船舶雷达不能扫描到的区域BoardingarrangementsAllgear,suchaspilotladder,accommodationladder,hoist,etc.,necessaryforasafetransferofthepilot登船设备引航员上下船所需的引航员梯、吊绳等索具Boardingsp

38、eedThespeedofavesseladjustedtothatofapilotboatatwhicthepilotcansafelyembark登船速度使引航员能安全上船的与引航员艇相应的速度Briefing简述Aconciseexplanatoryinformationtocrewandpassengers对船员和旅客作出的简要说明Capsizing倾覆Turningofavesselupsidedownwhileonwater船舶在水中翻倒CardinalbuoyAseamark,i.e.abuoy,indicatingthenorth,east,southorwfromafixed

39、point,e.g.awreck方位标标明固定点如沉船的东、南、西、北方向的海上浮标CasualtyCaseofdeathorseriousinjurytoapersoninanaccidentorshippingdisaster,alsosaidofadistressedvessel遇难人员在事故或海难中死亡或受伤的案件，亦指遇难船舶ClosecoupledtowingAmethodoftowingvesselsthroughpolaricebymeansof紧连拖带icebreakingtugswithaspecialsternnotchsuitedtoreceiveandholdtheb

40、owofthevesseltobetowed在极地冰区中，破冰船利用其尾部的特殊凹槽与被拖船船首相连的拖带方法Compatibility(ofgoods)stateswhetherdifferentgoodscanbestowedtogetherinonehold相容性货物可否同舱装载的特性ConvoyAgroupofvesselswhichsailtogether,e.g.throughacanalo编队ice同时通过运河或冰区的船舶COWCrudeoilwashing:Asystemofcleaningthetanksbywashingthemwiththecargoofcrudeoilw

41、hileitisbeingdischarged原油洗舱卸原油时利用所卸油进行洗舱的系统CPA最小会距Closestpointofapproach最小会遇距离CSSCo-ordinatorsurfacesearch:Avessel,otherthanarescueuni协调船designatedtoco-ordinatesurfacesearchandrescueoperationwithinaspecifiedarea在某一区域中，指定为水面搜救作业进行协调而不实际进行救助的船舶DamagecontrolteamAgroupofcrewmemberstrainedforfightingfloo

42、dinginthe堵漏队vessel经训练在船上进行堵漏的一组船员Datum基点Derelict遗骸Destination目的港Disabled失控船Disembark(to)离船Distressalert(GMDSS)遇险报警Dragging(ofanchor)走锚Dredging(ofanchor)拖锚Drifting漂航Dropback(to)减速Embark(to)登船Escaperoute撤离路线EscortThemostprobablepositionofasearchtargetatagiventime在给定时间，搜寻目标最可能存在的位置Goodsoranyothercommod

43、ity,specificallyavesselabandonedatsea在海上遗弃的货物或船舶Portwhichavesselisboundfor船舶驶往的港口Avesseldamagedorimpairedinsuchamannerastobeincapableofproceedingitsvoyage受到的损坏以至于不能航行的船舶Togofromboardavessel(人员)离开所在船AradiosignalfromadistressedvesselautomaticallydirectedtoaRCCgivingposition,identification,courseandspe

44、edofthevesselaswellasthenatureofdistress遇险船自动将船位、标识、航向、速度及遇险性质传送到搜救协调中心的无线电信号Movingofananchorovertheseabottominvoluntarilybecauseitisnolongerpreventingthemovementofthevessel锚在水下不知不觉的移动，因其不能制止船舶的移动Movingofananchorovertheseabottomtocontrolthemovementofthevessel锚在水下拖动以控制船舶移动Floating,causedbywindsandcur

45、rentwithadeterminabledirection因风流作用而向某一方向漂移Toincreasethedistancetothevesselaheadbyresducingoneownspeed本船减速以增加与前方船的距离Togoaboardavessel登上船舶Aclearlymarkedwayinthevesselwhichhastobefollowedincaseofanemergency在船上作出醒目标志的路线，以便紧急时撤离用Attendingavessel,tobeavailableincaseofneed,e.gGMDSSGlobalmaritimedistressan

46、dsafetysystemice-breaker,tug,etc.护航在必要时对船舶的保护，如利用破冰船、拖船等ETA预抵时间Estimatedtimeofarrival预计到达时间ETD预离时间Estimatedtimeofdeparture预计离开时间Fairway航道Navigablepartofawaterway可航水道Fairwayspeed航道速度Mandatoryspeedinafairway在可航道中规定的行驶速度Fireparty消防队Agroupofcrewmemberstrainedforfirefightingonboard经训练以扑救船火的一组船员Firepatrol

47、Aroundthroughthevesselcarriedoutbyacrewmemberofthewatchatcertainintervalssothatanoutbreakoffiremaybepromptlydetected;mandatoryinvesselscarryingmorethan36passengers防火巡逻在船上由当值船员以一定间隔进行的巡逻以及时发现火灾，载客超过36人的船对此有强制要求Flooding漏损Majorflowofseawaterintothevessel海水大量进入船舶FoammonitorApowerfulfoamfireextinguishers

48、tandingbyaboardtankersloadingordischargingoil泡沫灭火喷射器装卸货油时油船上备用的大型泡沫灭火器Foul(ofanchor)Anchorhasitsowncabletwistedarounditorhasfouledanobstruction缠链锚链绞缠在锚上或其它障碍物上Foul(ofpropeller)缠桨Aline,wire,net,etc.,iswoundroundthepropeller绳、线、网等绞缠在螺旋桨上Fullspeed全速Highestpossiblespeedofavessel船舶的最大速度Generalemergencyal

49、armAsoundsignalofsevenshortblastsandonelongblastgiven紧急警报withthevesselssoundsystem船舶警报系统发出的7短声1长声的警报全球海上遇险与安全系统GPSGlobal(satellite)positioningsystem全球定位系统HamperedvesselAvesselrestrictedbyitsabilitytomanoeuvrebythenatureitsworkoritsdeepdraft操纵受限船因作业或吃水而操纵能力受到限制的船HatchrailsRopessupportedbystanchionsar

50、oundanopenhatchtopreventpersonsfromfallingintoahold舱口拦绳在开敞的舱口周围由立柱支撑的围绳，以防人员迭落舱下Hoisthere:Acableusedbyhelicoptersforliftingorloweringpersonsinapick-upoperation吊索直升飞机吊提作业中用作人员吊提的绳具IMO-ClassGroupofdangerousorhazardousgoods,harmfulsubstancesormarinepollutantsinseatransportasclassifiedintheInternational

51、DangerousGoodsCode(IMDGCode)国际海事组织类别国际海事组织国际海运危险货物规则中规定的危险品、有害物质或海洋污染物InitialcourseCoursedirectedbytheOSCorCSStobesteeredatthebeginningofasearch初搜航向由现场指挥员或协调员规定的搜索开始的航向Inoperative失效Notfunctioning丧失作用Jettison(to)(ofcargo)Throwingoverboardofgoodsinordertolightenthevesselor弃货improveitsstabilityincaseof

52、anemergency在紧急时为减小船舶重量或增加船舶稳性而将货物抛至舷外Launch(to)落放Tolower,e.g.lifeboatstothewater将救生艇等落向水面LeakingEscapeofliquidssuchaswater,oil,etc.,outofpipes,boiltanks,etc.,oraminorinflowofseawaterintothevesseldue渗漏adamagetothehull管线、锅炉、舱柜等中的水或油的泄漏，或因船壳破损海水渗入船内Leeway背风移动Lateralmovementofthevesseltoleewardofitscour

53、se船舶向背风向侧移Letgo(to)抛放Tosetfree,letloose,orcastoff(ofanchors,lines,etc.)抛、解、松、放(锚、缆等)LifeboatstationPlaceassignedtocrewandpassengerswheretheyhavetomeetbeforetheywillbeorderedtoenterthelifeboats救生艇站船员和旅客登艇前的集合地点List横倾Inclinationofthevesseltoportsideorstarboardside船舶向左或向右横倾Makewater(to)Seawatertoflowin

54、tothevesselduetodamagetoitshull,orhatchesawashandnotproperlyclosed进水因船体损坏或舱盖被冲掉，海水流入船内ManoeuvringspeedAvesselsreducedrateofinspreeesdtrictedwaterssuchasfairways,harbours,etc.操纵速度船舶在航道或港内所减小的速度MassdiseaseAnillnesspreferablyofaninfectiousnatureseizingmorethatwopersonsonboardatthesametime群疫船上两名以上人员同时患有

55、的具有传染性的疾病Moor(to)Tosecureavesselinaparticularplacebymeansofchainsorropesmadefasttotheshore,toanchors,ortoanchoredmooringbuoys,ortoridewithbothanchorsdown系泊将链或绳系在岸上、锚上、锚泊的浮筒上，或双锚溜锚，以将船固定在某一地点Muster(to)Toassemblecrew,passengersorbothinaspecialplaceforpurposesofchecking隹集合将船员和/或旅客集合在某一地点以核查人数Notunderco

56、mmand(NUC)AvesselwhichthroughexceptionalcircumstancesisunabletomanoeuvreasrequiredbytheCOLREGs失控船船舶因异常情况而不能按避撞规则的要求进行操纵ObstructionAnobjectsuchasawreck,net,etc.,whichblocksafairway,route,etc.碍航物阻航道的沉船、网具等障碍物OffairWhenthetransmissionsofaradiostationoraDeccachain,etc.,havebrokendown,switchedofforsuspen

57、ded停止发射无线电台、台卡链站等损坏、关闭、中断发射Offstation(ofbuoys)漂移Notatthepositioncharted不在海图标称的位置上Oilclearance油污清除Anoperationtoremoveoilfromthewatersurface清除海上污油的作业Operational可操作Readyforimmediateuse可即时使用Ordnanceexercise军事演习Navalfiringpractice海军发射演习OSCOn-scenecommander:Thecommanderofarescueunitdesignatedtoco-ordinate

58、searchandrescueoperationswithinaspecifiedarea现场指挥员在某一指定区域中指定作为搜救作业指挥的人员Outbound/inbound进/出港船vesseAlvesselleaving/enteringport进入或驶离港口的船舶OverflowAccidentalescapeofoiloutofatankwhenitgetstoofullbecausepumpingwasnotstoppedintime溢油因未及时停下泵浦致使舱柜油品溢出PolluterAvesselemittingharmfulsubstancesintotheairorspilli

59、ngintothesea污染船向空气散发出污染物或向海水中漏油的船舶Proceed(to)驶往Tosailorheadforacertainpositionortocontinuethevoya向某一位置驶去或继续航行PA-systemPublicaddresssystem:Loudspeakersinthevesselscabins,messrooms,etc.,andondeckviawhichimportantinformationcanbebroadcastfromacentralpoint,mostlyfromthenavigationbridge广播系统舱室中、餐厅中或甲板上的高音

60、喇叭，用作从控制中心或驾驶台播送重要信息RCCRescueco-ordinationcentre:Land-basedauthorityconductingandco-ordinatingsearchandrescueoperationsinadesignatedarea搜救协调中心在指定区域中从事搜救作业和搜救协调的岸上机构ReceivingpointAmarkorplaceatwhichavesselcomesunderobligatoryentry,transit,orescortprocedure接受点船舶到达进入、通过或护航点的标志或地点ReferencelineAfictiveli