学术英语(一)unit3重点词汇课件

1、Discuss the words meaningExercise 1Exercise 2Exercise 3There was a deep-rooted racial prejudice long before the two countries became rivals and went to war.prejudice: an unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who are different from you in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religio

2、n etc. used to show disapproval.Read the sentences below and use context to write the definitions of the underlined words. One word has been done for you.Discuss the words meaninge.g.1. We discourage waste of time on items irrelevant to the object of study.irrelevant: not useful or not relating to a

3、 particular situation, and therefore not important Discuss the words meaningcollocation Be irrelevant toderivative irrelevancy/irrelevancy n.TranslationAccordingtorelevantlawsandregulations, theeducationofdisabledchildrenis compulsory. Discuss the words meaning2.我不明白他的评论与这一争论有何关系。1. 根据有关法律法规, 中国政府将残

4、疾儿童教育纳入义务教育。 Icantseetherelevanceofhiscommenttothedebate. 2. The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally attributed to improvements in diet.attribute: to believe or say that a situation or event is caused by something Discuss the words meaningattribute n.attribute: a quality or

5、feature, especially one that is considered to be good or usefule.g. The attribute cannot be modified because it is owned by the system. (由于属于系统，不能修改该属性.)TranslationMosthistoriansattributesuchdeclines towarsandconquests. Discuss the words meaning2.彬彬有礼是绅士的本色。1.大多数的历史学家把这样的衰亡归于战争和征服。 Politenessisanatt

6、ributeof agentleman. 3. Individual departments identify the training needs of their staff members to ensure the continual development of their inherent skills.inherent: a quality that is inherent in something is a natural part of it and cannot be separated from itDiscuss the words meaningcollocation

7、 Be inherent inTranslationThedesireforfreedomisinherentinusall. Discuss the words meaning2.钱财身外物。1.对自由的渴望是我们所有人的天性。Money is not aninherentpart of thehumanbeing. 4. Our ultimate objective is to have as many female members of parliament as there are male.ultimate: someones ultimate aim is their main a

8、nd most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future (= final)Discuss the words meaningcollocation ultimate goal/aim/objective TranslationHe said it is still not possible to predict theultimateoutcome. Discuss the words meaning2.他们那种充分自由和完全平等的终极目标则永远无法实现。 1.他说现在还无法预料最终的结局。 Theirultimategoa

9、lofcompletefreedomandtotalequalityisneverreached. 5.We should never aggregate votes to predict results under another system.aggregate: different amounts, pieces of information etc together to form a group or a totalDiscuss the words meaningaggregate adj./n.collocation In (the) aggregate 合计，总计，归结起来Tr

10、anslationTheaggregatenumberofunemployedisfiftythousandthisyear. Discuss the words meaning2.全球经济活动总量是一年年的递增。 1.今年失业人数总共达五万人。 Theworldeconomicaggregateisincreasingyearbyyear. 6. Statistically our chances of being the victims of violent crime are remote.victim: someone who has been attacked, robbed, or

11、 murderedDiscuss the words meaningcollocation fall victim to 成为 . 的牺牲品TranslationThroughout the trial, he portrayed himself as thevictim. Discuss the words meaning2.许多河流都受到了近期干旱的影响。 1.在审讯过程中，他始终把自己说成是受害者。 any streams have fallen victim to the recent drought. 7. A stupid person always tries to justif

12、y himself for his mistakes; but a wise man tries his best to correct his errors.justify: to give an acceptable explanation for something that other people think is unreasonable Discuss the words meaningCollocation justify sth.justify doing justify oneself for sth.derivative justification n.Translati

13、onHethoughtthat there wasinsufficientevidencetojustifythecriminalproceedings. Discuss the words meaning2.喝醉酒并不能成为你违规的理由 。1.他认为没有足够的证据为刑事诉讼程序辩护。That you weredrunkdoesnotjustifyyourviolatingtherule. 8. He was ashamed. That feeling lingered, and he was never comfortable in church after that.linger: to

14、continue to exist, be noticeable etc for longer than is usual or desirableDiscuss the words meaningderivative lingering adj.e.g. lingering suspicions/doubts 萦绕在心中的疑虑 lingering illness 久病, 久治不愈的病TranslationThe attractivescenicspots andhistoricsitesmakeforeigntouristslingeron and forget to return. Dis

15、cuss the words meaning2.考试的最终结果扼杀了他心里残存的希望。 1.景色宜人的名胜古迹,令外国旅游者流连忘返。 The result of the exam killed hislingeringhope. 9. She threw herself on her bed and wept in the agony of boredom.agony: a very sad, difficult, or unpleasant experienceDiscuss the words meaningcollocation in an agony of despair 极度绝望i

16、n an agony of grief 极度悲伤in an agony of joy 狂喜TranslationThedyingmangroanedinagonyastherescuerstriedtomovehim. Discuss the words meaning1.景色宜人的名胜古迹,令外国旅游者流连忘返。10. The industrial injuries scheme takes into account the actual disability and whether it handicaps a person in working.handicap: to make it

17、difficult for someone to do something that they want or need to doDiscuss the words meaningderivative handicap n.handicapped adj.TranslationPoorcommunicationskillsarethemaincareerhandicapofyoungpeopletoday. Discuss the words meaning2.无知会妨碍城市的进步。 1.差的沟通技能是当今的年轻人在事业上的的主要障碍。 Ignorance canhandicapthe pr

18、ogress of a city 11. Hes clever, but not rich; compassionate without being sentimental.sentimental: someone who is sentimental is easily affected by emotions such as love, sympathy, sadness etc, often in a way that seems silly to other peopleDiscuss the words meaningTranslationTheintellectualpeoplea

19、remoresuitableforadministrationpositionthansentimentalpeople . Discuss the words meaning1.理智的人比感情用事的人更适合做管理工作。 12. The nurses, grumbling about working Christmas, turned to compassion for a family just trying to get warm on Cpassion: a strong feeling of sympathy for someone who is suffering, and a de

20、sire to help themDiscuss the words meaningcollocation compassion forfeel/show/have compassionwith compassionderivative compassionate adj.TranslationHer own experiences had taught her to havecompassionfor misunderstood children. Discuss the words meaning1.她自身的遭遇使她认识到应对那些受到误解的孩子予以同情。 13. Teachers have

21、 joined a strike aimed at forcing the government to pay overdue salaries and allowances.overdue: not done, paid, returned etc by the time expectedDiscuss the words meaningTranslationThelibrarianhascalledinallthebooksthat areoverdue. Discuss the words meaning1.图书馆科理员把所有出借过期的书收回。 14. You will need to

22、seek professional advice about your claim for compensation. claim: a statement that something is true, even though it has not been provedDiscuss the words meaningclaim v.I cant claim to be very conversant with any of the sciences because Ive never studied them.（我不能说我精通任何一种科学，因为我没有研究过它们。 ）Translation

23、Theyclaimed that the new law was not constitutional. Discuss the words meaning2.他向保险公司提出索赔。 1.他们声称这项新法律不符合宪法。 He submitted aclaimto the insurer. 15. It is difficult to convey the sheer complexity of the plexity: the quality of being intricate and compoundedDiscuss the words meaningderivative complex

24、 adj.TranslationThe morecomplexthe civilization, the morecomplexare its systems. Discuss the words meaning2.我们正面对着一个极复杂的问题。 1.社会的文明程度越高，它的这些体系就越复杂。 We are facing a problem of greatcomplexity. 16. I wont go so far as to say that he is dishonest, i.e. I wont actually accuse him of dishonesty, even tho

25、ugh I might suspect him of it.accuse: to say that you believe someone is guilty of a crime or of doing something badDiscuss the words meaningcollocation accuse sb. of sth. 控告, 谴责derivative accusation n.TranslationHe isaccused of exploiting child labor. Discuss the words meaning2.你的指责必须以事实为依据。1.他被指控剥

26、削童工。 Youraccusationmustbegroundedonfacts. 17. A new and excellent strategy for the assault on France was at last hammered out.assault: a military attack to take control of a place controlled by the enemyDiscuss the words meaningassault v.The commander decided to assault the enemy in the darkness.（指挥

27、官决定夜袭敌军。）TranslationTheAmericanarmy made asurpriseassaultonthecitiesin thenorthofIraq. Discuss the words meaning1.美军突然袭击了伊拉克的北部城市 。 18. Im not opposed to a core curriculum in principle, but I think requiring a foreign language is unrealistic.core: the most important or central part of somethingDiscu

28、ss the words meaningcollocation core team 骨干团队core curriculum 基础课程to the core 彻底的， 十足的TranslationThecoreofourappealisfreedomofspeech. Discuss the words meaning1.我们呼吁的中心是要言论自由。 19. They have been directing their whole attention to this international conflict.conflict: a state of disagreement or argum

29、ent between people, groups, countries etcDiscuss the words meaningcollocation In conflict with 和 . 有矛盾； 不一致derivative conflicting adj.TranslationHe was instrumental in bringing about an end to theconflict. Discuss the words meaning2.他们对发生的事所作的陈述自相矛盾，使我迷惑不解。 1.他在终止冲突的过程中起了重要作用。 They confused me withc

30、onflictingaccounts of what happened. 20. And now, friends, fellow citizens of Gettysburg and Pennsylvania, and you from remoter states, let me again, as we part, invoke your benediction on these honored graves.invoke: to make a particular idea, image, or feeling appear in peoples minds by describing

31、 an event or situation, or by talking about a personDiscuss the words meaningTranslationThe speechinvokedhis memory of childhood. Discuss the words meaning1.演讲唤起了他童年的记忆。 21. The state can demand that children attend school; it cannot compel them to participate in ceremonies that violate their religi

32、ous convictions.violate: to do something that makes someone feel that they have been attacked or have suffered a great loss of respectDiscuss the words meaningderivative violation n.violator n.TranslationThosewhoviolatetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished. Discuss the words meaning1.那些违反交通规定的人应该受处罚。 2

33、2. Shylocks second passionate assertion of human equality is almost as well-known as it deserves to be.assertion: something that you say or write that you strongly believeDiscuss the words meaningderivative assert v.e.g. assert oneself 坚持（自己）的主张;表现坚定 Hes speaking up and asserting himself confidently

34、.（他 明确表态，信心十足地阐述自己的观点。）TranslationSomepeopleassertthatnothingisimpossible. Discuss the words meaning2.这种断言是由一种误解而来 。 1.一些人断言没有什么事是不可能的。 Thisassertionrestsonamisunderstanding . 23. The warrant had been issued by the U.S.Federal Court at nearest federal court to Boonton.warrant: a legal document that

35、is signed by a judge, allowing the police to take a particular actionDiscuss the words meaningTranslationPolice confirmed that they had issued awarrantfor his arrest . Discuss the words meaning1.警方证实他们已经签发了对他的拘捕令。 24. Banks are under no obligation to accept presentation of documents outside their ba

36、nking hours.obligation: a moral or legal duty to do somethingDiscuss the words meaningcollocation under an obligationunder no obligation Place sb./sth. under an obligation24. Banks are under no obligation to accept presentation of documents outside their banking hours.obligation: a moral or legal du

37、ty to do somethingDiscuss the words meaningcompare duty, obligation, responsibility这些名词都有“义务”或“职责”之意。duty: 指按道德和法律的标准，一个人永远要尽的义务，强调自觉性。obligation: 指道义上或法律上对他人的义务，强调强制性。也指因作出承诺而被迫履行的某种义务。responsibility: 指任何义务、职责、责任或职务上所应尽的本分，强调对他人的责任。TranslationSheis under anobligationtoheradoptivefather . Discuss th

38、e words meaning1.她有义务赡养她的养父。 25. A leaders eminence does not imply a right to impose his will on his peers.impose: to force someone to have the same ideas, beliefs etc as youDiscuss the words meaningcollocation impose fines on someone 罚款 impose on 把 . 强加于.TranslationParentsoftenimposetheirownmoralva

39、luesontheirchildren. Discuss the words meaning1.父母往往让子女接受自己的道德观。 26. A case in point was the controversy provoked by the agitation for full and immediate payment of the so-called bonus.controversy: a serious argument about something that involves many people and continues for a long timeDiscuss the

40、words meaningcollocation beyond controversy 无可争辩(无可争议). without controversy 无可争辩(无可争议).derivative controversial adj.TranslationThatisafactbeyondcontroversy. Discuss the words meaning1.那是一个无可争论的事实。 27. Please write to confirm your reservation, i.e. send a letter to support a booking made by telephone

41、.confirm: to tell someone that a possible arrangement, date, or situation is now definite or officialDiscuss the words meaningderivative confirmation n.TranslationI am writing toconfirm the booking made by telephone.Discuss the words meaning1.我写此信以确认通过电话做的预订。 28. The neighbours submitted a petition

42、asking the town to put up traffic lights near the school.petition: a document signed by a lot of people which asks a government or other official group to do a particular thing Discuss the words meaningpetition v.They petition the government for the release of the political prisoner.（他们向政府请愿要求释放政治犯。

43、）TranslationThegovernmentreceivedapetitionwhichborenearlyfivethousandsignatures . Discuss the words meaning2.他们向政府请愿要求释放政治犯。 1.政府收到一份下面有近五千人签名的请愿书. Theypetitionthe government for the release of the political prisoner. 29. He easily defeated his opponent in the election.opponent: someone who you try

44、to defeat in a competition, game, fight, or argumentDiscuss the words meaningcompare opponent, competitor, enemy, rival这些名词均有“对手、敌手”之意。opponent: 最常用词，通常指在争论、辩论、竞选或竞赛以及其它各种矛盾冲突中站在对立面的“对手”或“敌手”。competitor: 指为同一目标或目的竞争者，一般无感情色彩。enemy: 多指充满敌意的仇敌。rival: 指与某人目标一致而想赶上或超过他的人，匹敌者。TranslationShehadto contesta

45、gainsta verystrongopponentfor thechampionship. Discuss the words meaning1.她必须与强劲的对手手角逐冠军。 30. Men are subject to sudden changes of fortune as the moon is subject to the changes of being full and crescent, cloudy and clear.subject: likely to be affected by somethingDiscuss the words meaningcollocatio

46、n be subject to 可能受影响的;易遭受的TranslationTheir participation issubjecttoa number of important provisions. Discuss the words meaning1.他们的参与受一些重要条款的限制。 Base formOther related forms in the word familyethicutilityconsciouschangeinferethics, ethical, ethically, unethical, unethically, ethicist, ethicality,

47、ethicizeutilize, utilization, utilizer, utilizable, utilitarian, utilitarianism consciousness, consciously, unconscious, unconsciously, unconsciousness, subconsciouschanged, changeable, changeably, changeability, changeless, changelessly, interchange, interchangeable, interchangeably, interchangeabi

48、lityinference, inferential, inferentially, inferable, inferably2. Find more words of each word family. The first one has been done for you.Discuss the words meaningBase formOther related forms in the word familybindmercynecessaryretainallegecriticmerciful, mercifully, merciless, mercilessly, mercile

49、ssnessnecessarily, unnecessary, unnecessarily, necessity, necessitate, necessitous, necessitouslyretainer, retention, retentive, retentively, retentivenessalleged, allegedly, allegation, allegeablecritical, critically, criticism, criticize, uncritical, uncritically, uncriticizedbinder, binding, bind

50、ery, unbind, unbindingDiscuss the words meaningBase formOther related forms in the word familycommunegenerallegislateobjectautomaterestrictgenerally, generalize, generality, generalizationlegislation, legislative, legislator, legislatureobjection, objectionable, objectionably, objectorautomatic, aut

51、omatically, automation, automatedrestriction, restrictive, restrictively, unrestrictive, unrestrictively, restricted, unrestrictedcommunity, communal, communist, communismDiscuss the words meaningBase formOther related forms in the word familydistinctsurvivedenyapplysurvival, survivor, surviving, survivability, survivance, survivalismdenial, deniable, undeniable, deniabilityapplication, applied, appliance, applicable, applicability, applicant, unapplicable, inapplicable, inapplicabilitydistinction, distinctly, distinctive, distinctively, indistinct, indistinctlyDiscuss the word