高三英语二轮专题复习课件：专题一 第八节 定语从句和名词性从句

1、第八节定语从句和名词性从句本节目录考点串讲重难突破模拟演练能力提升考点串讲重难突破考点一关系代词引导的定语从句要点浓缩1whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语。Many children，whose parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.父母在大城市里打工的许多孩子在村庄里被照顾得非常好.(2011高考四川卷)The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.这家学校

2、商店大部分顾客是学生,因放假而暂停营业了.2who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。(2012高考浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,who，for some reason，had withdrawn from all human society.埃伦是一个画鸟类和自然的画家，出于某种原因，他已退出了所有的社会活动。3which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。(2011高考上海卷)Youll find taxis waiting at the

3、bus station which you can hire to reach your host family.在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等，你可以租(一辆)去主人家里。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝因别人的过错而承担责任。【温馨提示】先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that;which代指前面整个句子内容。They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the s

4、chool.关于他们记得的上学时的人和事，他们讨论了一个小时.(2012高考陕西卷)It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all.她第三次赢得比赛，这让我们很吃惊。经典品味1(2012高考江苏卷)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，_ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.AwhichBwhoCwhere Dwhat解析：选B。考查非限制性

5、定语从句。解答本题的关键是找准先行词。靠近定语从句的是in that area，考生易错选C,但定语从句缺少的是主语，关系副词不能作主语，可排除.what不能引导定语从句。根据定语从句的urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive可知,需要干净的水、药品和避难所的是人(people)，而不是that area或flooding,所以先行词为人，A项也可排除，故选B。2(2012高考天津卷)I wish to thank Professor Smith,without _ help I would never have g

6、ot this far.Awho BwhoseCwhom Dwhich解析：选B。考查定语从句。句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授,没有他的帮助我就不会走得这么远.whose在定语从句中作关系代词，表示“的”，句中先行词为Professor Smith.whose help在句意上相当于“Professor Smiths help”，whose是关系代词，引导定语从句。考生容易误选C，因为只看到了without whom语意上相当于without Professor Smith，而忽略了题干中的help.若选C项的话,可去掉题干中的help.牢记定语从句各种引导词的用法并准确分析句子结构是解题关键.3

7、(2012高考大纲全国卷)That evening，_ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.Athat BwhichCwhat Dwhen解析：选B。考查非限制性定语从句的引导词。句意：那天晚上我一直工作到很晚，我过后会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情况.本题中两个逗号之间的部分是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词which代替先行词that evening。A项that不能引导非限制性定语从句；C项what不能引导定语从句；D项when在从句中作状语，不能作宾语。4(2012北京海淀二模)Reading books，

8、_ takes the reader to other worlds，is a wonderful way to enjoy life.Athat BwhatCas Dwhich解析：选D。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：读书是一种享受生活的好方法，它把读者带到其他的世界中。先行词是reading books，代入定语从句后为：Reading books takes the reader to other worlds.先行词在定语从句中作主语，且该从句为非限制性定语从句，故用which引导。考点二关系副词引导的定语从句要点浓缩1关系副词在定语从句中作状语，when指时间，where指地点，why

9、指原因，在定语从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。(2011高考天津卷)The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.体力是谋生的唯一所需的时代一去不复返了。(2011高考陕西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.我和朋友们一起登上山顶,从山顶上我们欣赏了湖光美景.The reason why I dont trust him

10、 is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。2先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语,则不能用when或where引导定语从句，而要用which/that。Is this the reason (that/which) he gave us for the delay of the project?这是他给出工程推迟的原因吗？经典品味1(2012高考浙江卷)We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.Awhy Bw

11、henCto whom Don which解析：选B。考查定语从句。句意:在我们生活的这个时代,有更多的信息可以比以往任何时候都更加容易获得。该句为主从复合句，an age为先行词，空格处引导定语从句并在从句中作时间状语，故用when。2(2012北京西城期末)The Great Wall is the place _almost all tourists would like to visit when they come to Beijing.Awhy BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析：选B。分析句子结构可知，“_ almost all tourists would like to

12、 visit”为定语从句，修饰先行词the place，关系代词在从句中充当visit的宾语。3(2012福建四地六校第一次联考)Where did you first meet your boyfriend?It was in the department store _ he worked.Awhich BthatCwhere Dwhat解析：选C.句意:你在哪里第一次见到你的男朋友的?在他工作的百货大楼。此处用where来引导定语从句,它在从句中作地点状语。答语是一个省略的强调句型，根据问句，完整的回答应该是：“It was in the department store where h

13、e worked that I first met my boyfriend.”此题容易误选that。4(2012高考江西卷)By 1630，_ was almost closing time，nearly all the paintings had been sold.Awhich BwhenCwhat Dthat解析：选A。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：到了1630,差不多是关门的时间了，几乎所有的画都卖完了。定语从句缺少主语，使用关系代词which引导。when是关系副词；what不能引导定语从句；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。考点三先行词为point，case，situation，a

14、ctivity，stage等抽象名词构成的定语从句要点浓缩point，situation，case，activity等，从表面上看它们不是表地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时,如果引导词在从句中作状语，那么这个引导词要用where；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Shes in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her.她处于无望的处境中,在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed t

15、o make decisions of my own.我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作宾语)现在只有一点我希望你弄清楚。经典品味1(2012河北普通高考模拟)How about your job hunting?No luck，Now，Ive reached the stage _I dont care what I do.AwhichBwhereCwhen Dthat解析：选B。分析句子结构可知，“_ I dont care w

16、hat I do”是定语从句，修饰先行词the stage，从句中缺少地点状语，所以用where或at which，故选B项。2(2012山西四校联考)In the UK，what impressed me most was the student activity，_I got lots of information.Awhen BthatCwhich Dwhere解析：选D。本句的后半部分是非限制性定语从句，用来修饰先行词the student activity，where在从句中作状语，表示抽象的地点。3(2012高考重庆卷)Sales director is a position_co

17、mmunication ability is just as important as sales skills.Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：选D。考查定语从句。句意：导购员是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样重要的职位。分析题干可知a position后是一个定语从句，而该从句的引导词在从句中作地点状语，即in whichin the positionwhere，故选D。在定语从句中,当position，point，case，stage，situation等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少状语，则用where来引导定语从句。4(2012云南检测)Do you

18、 have anything to say for yourselves?Yes，theres one point_we must insist on.Awhy BwhereChow D不填解析：选D。one point作介词on的宾语，因此应选用关系代词或者省略。考点四“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句要点浓缩1与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。2与定语从句所修饰的先行词构成搭配。Patience，with

19、out which you cant do the work well，is a kind of quality.耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心，你不能做好工作。3ofwhich/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。(2011高考江西卷)She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which h

20、ad taken more than three years.她带着游客参观这座博物馆花了三年多才建成的建筑.品味经典1(2012高考四川卷)In our class there are 46 students，_ half wear glasses.Ain whom Bin themCof whom Dof them解析：选C。考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在我们班上有46个学生，其中有一半的学生戴眼镜。做此题可用排除法.因空格前有逗号，而无连接词，再分析句子结构可以判断,这是个非限制性定语从句，故首先排除B、D两项。再根据句意可知，此处指其中的一半，表所属关系应该用of。2(2012高考山东

21、卷)Maria has written two novels，both of _ have been made into television series.Athem BthatCwhich Dwhat解析：选C。考查定语从句.句意：玛丽娅已写了两部小说,它们都已被拍成了电视剧。分析题干结构可以看出:Maria has written two novels是一个完整的含“主谓宾”的句子.如果后半句也是个完整的句子的话，那么题干中的两个分句中间缺少连接词and，故A项不正确。由此不难看出空格处应用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，which代替先行词two novels。that作关系代

22、词不能放于介词之后；what不能引导定语从句。分清句子结构是解答本题的关键。3(2012合肥第一次质检)A good advertisement often uses words _ people attach positive meanings.Athat BwhichCwith which Dto which解析：选D。句意：一则好广告经常使用那些人们赋予积极含义的话语。attach.to.“把附到上”,“_ people attach positive meanings”是定语从句，修饰先行词words。4(2012河南洛阳统考)The old lady，all of _ childre

23、n had been killed in the earthquake，was given help by the local government.Aher BwhomCwhose Dwhich解析：选C。句意：那位所有的孩子都在地震中丧生的老太太得到了当地政府的帮助。本句中的all of _ children had been killed in the earthquake是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The old lady，whose在从句中作定语。考点五主语从句要点浓缩主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，引导主语从句的词有that，whether，who，what，which，whoe

24、ver，whatever,whichever，when，where，why，how等。(2012高考新课标全国卷)It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。(2011高考重庆卷)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.老车站是否要被一个现代化宾馆所取代这一问题仍在讨论中.What was most

25、important to her，she told me，was her family.(主语从句；what作主语)她告诉我，对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。That Putin visited China led to the closer relationship between the two countries.(that不作任何成份)普京访问中国让两国之间的关系更加密切。经典品味1(2012高考天津卷)It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.Awhether

26、BhowCif D when解析：选A.考查名词性从句的引导词.句意为“在这个十字路口你向左或右转弯都没有关系,因为两条路都通向公园”.题干中it作形式主语，所以所选的连词在句中引导主语从句.whether引导名词性从句表示“是否”之意,而且题干中出现了关键信息词or.whether.or.表示“是还是”.if引导名词性从句也表示“是否”，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等只能用whether而不能用if。2(2012高考江西卷)It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office.Awhether BwhereC

27、which Dthat解析：选D。考查固定句式。It occurred to sb.that.表示“某人想到”.句意:他突然想到把钥匙落在办公室里了.it是形式主语，主语从句成分完整，不能用连接代词which引导；whether与where不符合句意。3(2012浙江调研测试)_ is surprising is that there are so many Chinese restaurants in Toronto.AIt BThatCSuch DWhat解析：选D。句意：令人吃惊的是,在多伦多有这么多中国饭店。What is surprising是主语从句,what在从句中作主语.4(2

28、012南京一模)What has made him look like lacking sleep?_ his wife is ill and he has to get up several times a night to attend to her.AFor BBecauseCThat DWhat解析：选C。根据句意可知，从空格到最后都是回答上面句子中的主语What的，故此句是一个主语从句，缺少连词,而连词在从句中不充当成分，故用that。补充完整应为“That his wife is ill and he has to get up several times a night to a

29、ttend to her has made him look like lacking sleep.”。考点六表语从句要点浓缩引导表语从句的词有that，whether，who，what，which,whoever，whatever，whichever，when，where，why,how，because等。(2011高考山东卷)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.恐怕他善言而不善做，那就是他一事无成之根源。(2011高考陕西卷)Id like to start m

30、y own businessthats what Id do if I had the money.我想创办一家属于我自己的企业，假如有钱的话，那就是我要干的事情。I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats where I dont agree.You should have a more active life.在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。那就是我不赞同的地方，你应该拥有更积极性的生活.As is known to us，China is no longer what sh

31、e used to be.众所周知，中国再也不是从前的中国了。经典品味1(2012山东潍坊一模)The strange thing about Nicholas is _ he taught himself to read before he could speak.Awhat BthatCwhether Dif解析：选B。分析句子结构可知，空格后面的分句是一个表语从句，由于从句不缺少主语或者宾语,因此不能填what,结合句意选that。2(2012浙江六校联盟第一次联考)The brave national spirits showed in the film The Flowers of

32、War are _ deeply moved the audience.Awhich BthatCwhat Dwho解析：选C。句意：电影金陵十三钗中展示的勇敢的民族精神是使观众深受感动的东西。what在句中既引导表语从句，又在表语从句中作主语。3(2012北京海淀二模)One of the glorious moments in my school life was _ I was awarded the Mayors Award.Awhy BhowCthat Dwhen解析：选D。考查表语从句。句意：在我的学生时代，令我感到荣耀的时刻之一就是我被授予“市长奖”的时刻.句子的主语是one o

33、f the glorious moments，所以表语应是“当的时候”。其他选项在语句上不通顺，故选D。考点七宾语从句要点浓缩1在宾语从句中，引导词whether和if基本一样，但介词后的宾语从句多用whether。It all depends upon whether we can get their cooperation.这完全取决于我们是否能取得他们的合作。(2011高考山东卷)Weve offered her the job，but I dont know whether shell accept it.我们提供给她那份工作，但不知她是否愿意接受。2that，what引导宾语从句的区

34、别在宾语从句中，that没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用that；而what引导宾语从句时，意为“什么”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中用来作主语或宾语。(2011高考上海卷)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在从句中作understand的宾语)你想用语言所传达的信息可能与他人所理解的恰恰相反。I persuaded my parents that we should

35、 go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland.我劝说父母我们应该去意大利度假而不去苏格兰。经典品味1(2012高考北京卷)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.Awhy BhowCthat Dwhether解析：选C。考查宾语从句。句意：杰里不后悔给出评论,但是他觉得他本来可以用另一种不同的方式来表达。felt后面应该是一个宾语从句，分析宾语从句可知，这是一个完整的句子，不缺句子成分，故用that引导。2

36、(2012郑州第一次质量预测)After five hours drive，they reached _ they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.Athat BwhatCwhich Dwhere解析：选B。reach是及物动词，其后为宾语从句。they thought是插入语，分析从句成分可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，因此用what。注意：that引导名词性从句时，在从句中不充当任何成分。3(2012安徽皖北四校联考)_ is known，John studies in _ is considered the best school

37、 in the city.AWhich；which BWhat；whatCIt；which DAs；what解析：选D。第一空as在句首引导非限制性定语从句；第二空前有介词in，in后的从句缺少主语，用what引导。4(2012河南三市第二次调研)You never know _ happiness will turn up next，so grasp every chance around you.Awhen B whereCwhy Dhow解析：选B。句意：你永远不会知道幸福接下来会在哪里出现，因此你要抓住身边的每一个机会。根据后面的“around you”可知，此处强调的是地点，故用wh

38、ere。考点八同位语从句要点浓缩that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子,所以其前的名词在同位语从句中不作任何成分;定语从句对其前的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。如：(2011高考辽宁卷)When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.(that引导的是同位语从句，that不可省略)当战争的消息传来时，他决定参军。The news that he told me yes

39、terday is true.(that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，故可省略，亦可换用which)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。经典品味1(2012高考江苏卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed.Awhen BthatCwhether Dhow解析：选B。考查名词性从句。句意：会议将被推迟的通知下午2点钟左右发布。分析句式结构可知，所填词语引导的从句_the meeting would be postponed说明的是主语the notice的内容，即同位语从句。由于

40、从句与先行词the notice被主句谓语部分came around two in the afternoon分隔，从而加大了识别的难度。从句内容完整，不需要添加when或how作状语，也不含有不确定因素，不能使用whether，故选B项。2(2012河北普通高中教学质检)More than 200 million people in China suffer high blood pressure，and 70% of them are unaware of the fact _they have the illness.Awhat BwhichChow Dthat解析：选D。that th

41、ey have the illness是同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容。3(2012山西四校三模)I have no idea at all _ he wrote the letterit isnt dated.Awhat BthatCwhy Dwhen解析：选D。句意：我根本不知道他什么时候写的这封信,上面没标注日期。根据it isnt dated可知D项正确。考点九“疑问词ever”引导的名词性从句要点浓缩“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”虽然都有“无论”的意思，但是用法有区别：“疑问词ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句，而“no matter疑问词”