高中英语外刊原创改编讲义·语法新题型

1、高中英语外刊原创改编讲义语法新题型学习目标掌握语法新题型的做题技巧课前热身：11例: (1) _(be) an ambassador of the land and a hunter, my husband taught me how to hunt, fish, set nets, snare rabbits, make a fire in the rain, read the weather and drive a boat.（选自2017年青浦静安长宁宝山联考二模）解析：此题的正确答案为being。句中无连接词，后半句已有谓语taught，断定为非谓语，其逻辑主语为my husband

2、，根据句意应为“作为这片土地的使者和一位猎人”。22例: I am so thankful and proud (2) _(give) the opportunity to lead this kind of lifestyle, which someday will be passed on to my grandchildren.（选自2017年青浦静安长宁宝山联考二模）解析：此题的正确答案为to have been given。根据句中两个谓语一个连接词确定此处为非谓语，再根据句式Sb be adj to do sth确定此处为不定式，其逻辑主语I,再者上下文确定为已经被给予。33例:I

3、n addition to (3) _(add) to our provisions for the year, these excursions are (4)_ our family stories and recollections are shared the most.（选自2017年青浦静安长宁宝山联考二模）解析：此题的正确答案为adding。In addition to是一个介词词组，后面要接宾语。思考：通过分析高考真题让学生了解近年高考命题趋势，做好备考。2018春考语法新题型Directions: After reading the passage below, fill i

4、n the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Kid-Free LifeI had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and

5、 Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) _ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) _ laundry.When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) _ (spend) all the hours before they were born, (24) _ _ I have those hours back, I can fo

6、cus on my own needs. I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)? Will they remember the talks about good choices? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) _ vigorously they grow without me. Do I miss them? Y

7、es. Both more and less than Id guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) _ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) _ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.The missing come

8、s at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, Im sure you will figure it out.And yet, the spaces (28) _ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what Ive found. I now have

9、 the chance (29) _ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.The rooms (30) _ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back.My home is empty. But overflowing

10、. Key: 21. do 22. less 23. had spent 24. now that 25. how26. in 27. To be/ Being 28. emptied 29. to see 30. where知识精讲：1、 老外也有语法吗？有！ 2、 安排！ 知识点一（高考中的老外说语法1）【知识梳理】语法填空考点概述出题方式词性考查考点分布备考之道设关键词形容词/副词比较级准确判断考点，并且熟练掌握比较级、最高级变化规则和特殊情况最高级动词时态关注各个时态的用法和常见考点如完成时语态结合主语和动词用法，合理判断不定式合理判断非谓语类型；关注时态和语态动名词分词不设关键词冠词

11、定冠词，不定冠词准确判断语境是特指还是非特指介词搭配及其他当空格后的名词在句中不是作主语，表语或动词宾语时，选填介词；注意积累常考介词代词人称物主代词注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应不定代词反身单词it形式主语、形式宾语、强调句、指代上文事物情态动词动词的意义注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度连接词定语从句熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连接词的特定用法名词性从句状语从句强调句连词并列句判断上下句之间的逻辑关系1阅读/理解语篇的能力 2分析句子结构的能力3熟练运用语法的能力 4单词拼写能力解题步骤：1. 通读全文，了解大意既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前就应快速浏览短文

12、，了解全文大意。2. 分析语境，试填空格读懂短文后，要结合短文所提供的特定语境及解题思路去填空。3. 对照考点，解决难题在解题过程中要先易后难。在做好有把握的题后，对照各考点及题数，仔细推敲，解决难题。4. 通读全文，确保无误。【例题精讲】例1.语法新题型外刊改编系列01The Economist(经济学人)-Mistakes are the engine of languages evolutionChildren will not only inherit the world, but shape it. And in their linguistic mistakes, their pa

13、rents can get a sense of how.Take the child collecting different kinds of animals in a video game: “I got a new specie!” he cries. The source of the mistake is obvious. The child (1)_ have heard the word “species” and assumed it was the plural of something called a specie. This type of mistakes happ

14、ens among their parents too. Some survive (2)_ they displace an old form and become the new standard. Pea is another example. People ate a mass of boiled beans called pease and misanalysed it as a plural, and that is (3)_ the new singular pea was born.Foreign borrowings are also a source of error-in

15、duced (错误引起的) change. The French la munition (4)_ (misunderstand) as lammunition, giving rise to the English word. English speakers are not the only people who do this kind of thing, (5)_ is French the only victim. It is (6)_ _ English had swallowed la munition whole as “lamunition”; A chef de cuisi

16、ne, originally adopted from French, was boss of the kitchen. But the English eventually took a chef to be a cook.The examples above are instructive. This isnt so much a word born of a single clear-cut mistake, as one that emerged from a gradual transformation.Every word (7)_ (change) a little bit al

17、l the time. Some changes were systematic: all words with the same vowel gradually (8)_ (pronounce) with a different one. (9)_ have affected just one word at a time, and so tend to be too subtle to catch the eye. The naprons of the world are notable, then, not because they are exceptions, but because

18、 they are instances of a common phenomenon (10)_ happened apparently enough to make a tidy example. In other words, like any living language, it is “error” all the way down.【答案】1.must-情态动词2.until-连词之时间状语从句连词3.how-连词之表语从句连词4.was misunderstood/is misunderstood-谓语动词语态5.nor-连词之并列句连词6.as if-连词之表语从句连词7.is

19、 changing-谓语动词时态8.were pronounced-谓语动词之被动式9.Others-代词10.that/which-连词之定语从句连词【课堂练习】语法新题型外刊改编系列02时代周刊(Time)-Attacks on Ebola centers in Congo raise fears that the .After a series of attacks on Ebola treatment facilities at the center of an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo, medical charity

20、Mdecins Sans Frontires (MSF) suspended operations in the area on Feb. 28. With 894 cases and 561 deaths (1)_ the outbreak was declared in August, the epidemic is the second (2)_ (large) on record. In the wake of the attacks, the highly infectious virus is likely to spread.Difficult decisionAfter one

21、 clinic was burnt on Feb. 24, dozens of armed men flooded (3)_ on Feb. 27, shooting upsanitation(卫生) facilities and setting more fires. At least one person was killed, and the conditions of several patients who (4)_(flee) into the forestsome of whom could be infectiousare unknown. MSFs decision to w

22、ithdraw was not an easy one for the organization, which was key in ending 2014s West African outbreak. But its field emergencycoordinator(协调员), Emmanuel Massart, told NPR the attacks left him little choice:“When I send my teams, I need to be sure that they are going to come back alive.”The trust pro

23、blemUrgently (5)_(put) into effect an Ebola treatment program can come at the expense of community education. Ebolas initial symptoms resemble those of diseases like malaria, (6)_ the newly infected rarely seek help. Most are unaware that patients should be isolated and (7)_ the dead, still teeming

24、with the virus, shouldnt be buried in the traditional way. Combine ignorance and fear with eastern Congos worsening guerrilla war and a suspicion of strangers, and violence can erupt. Massart has said that, when recalling, MSF (8)_ have engaged more with locals from the start.Containing the spreadHe

25、alth officials are calling on the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency (9)_ international concern, which would mobilize international aid. But such a declaration often sparks travel restrictions that can cut off vital supply routes and prevent health experts from coming in.

26、 (10)_ MSF has discovered, progress in defeating Ebola often means taking a step backward for every two steps forward.【答案】1. since/after-连词之时间状语从句连词2. largest-形容词最高级3. another-代词4. fled/had fled-谓语动词过去式/现在完成式5. putting-非谓语动词之动名词6. so-连词之并列句连词7. that-连词之宾语从句连词8. should/could-情态动词9. of-介词10. As-连词之定语从

27、句连词知识点二（高考中的老外说语法2）【知识梳理】1 非谓语考点解析：非谓语的考察主要是非谓语的判定和非谓语的用法。答题策略：1）非谓语的判定方法与步骤：1.找出该句中已有的谓语动词个数。2.找出该句中已存在的连接词个数。3.根据一个句子中谓语动词的个数=连接词的个数 1,来判定该动词是填谓语还是非谓语。*注意a.以一个完整的句子为界b.一定要是连接句子的连接词，连接其他的不算c.注意连接词省略的两种情况：宾语从句中的that;定语从句中关系代词做宾语；另一个特殊的the way引导的方式状语从句，the way是一个连接词。2）非谓语三种形式的判定技巧：1.判定为非谓语之后，找到该非谓语的逻

28、辑主语。2.判定逻辑主语与该动词的主被动关系。3.根据非谓语动词的具体用法来确定最终形态。二不设关键词：考查冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词的用法（情冠连介代）。冠词：考查定冠词和不定冠词，备考方法：准确判断语境是特指还是非特指。介词：考查搭配及具体语境的用法，备考方法：熟练掌握固定搭配以及本身用法。代词：考查人称物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词，备考方法：注意判断句子结构（尤其是所缺成分）以及语境的呼应。情态动词：考查各个情态动词的用法，备考方法：注意观察语境中暗含的情感和态度。连词：考查并列连词和从属连词的用法，备考方法：判断上下句之间的逻辑关系或熟练判断各种复合句结构，掌握连词的特

29、定用法。【例题精讲】语法新题型外刊改编系列03New Scientist(新科学家)-Our failure to kick .Maja Rosen gave up flying a decade ago out of concern for its environmental impact. (1)_ when she became a mother and startedhanging out withother parents, she didntbring it up, even (2)_ the conversation turned to flying. It would have

30、spoiledthe mood.Then in April 2018, her home country of Sweden introduced a tax on aviation. The climate impacts of flying were on the evening news and the mood changed. Rosenseizedthe moment. With her neighbour Lotta Hammar, she launched a campaign called “We stay on the ground”, (3)_ he persuaded

31、10,000 people tocommitto avoid flights in 2019.Kudos. But heres thehard truth:in the grand scheme of things, barely (4)_ willfollowsuit. The chattering classes tend to have a lot to say about the ecomerits(优点) ofavoidingmeat, cycling and eatinglocally sourcedfood. But that morality generally (5)_(di

32、sappear) when it comes to flying.We cant rely on international agreements to restrict aviation emissions either. Yes, the UN hassealed a deal(6)_ (cap) aviation emissions beyond 2020. But itlacks real bite, (7)_(allow) airlines to continue emitting carbonprovidedtheyoffset(抵消) it.All this means we c

33、ould really do (8)_ green techriding to therescue. Here, at least, there is a little good news. Even rather simple measures like freeing planes to fly in (9)_(straight) lines couldfeasiblycut carbon emissions. Hybrid electric aircraft are alsoin the pipeline. And we already know that planes can mix

34、up to 50 per cent biofuels into their tanks and fly safely.Its time toredoubleour efforts to make planes green. In the meantime, (10)_ you are still looking for a New Years resolution, you might want to think about joining those 10,000 Swedes.【答案】1. But-连词之并列句连词2. when-连词之时间状从连词3. where-连词之定语从句连词(在定

35、语从句中做状语。注意先行词)4. anyone/anybody-代词之不定代词5. will disappear-谓语动词之将来时态6. to cap-非谓语动词之不定式7. allowing-非谓语动词之现在分词8. with-介词9. straighter-形容词比较级10. if-连词之条件状从连词【课堂练习】1.练习之关联词：（根据高三一模改编）(1)_you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, hows this :people(2)_maintain an “atti

36、tude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who dont, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street journal.The WSJ”s Melinda Beck reports than adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who d

37、o not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University -the results of(3)_are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies-finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Fr

38、oth, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,035 students aged from 14 to 19 and found(4)_grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and mo

39、re materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students lives overall than materialism.(5)_the majority of the research suggests is(6)_gratitude should be chronic in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology

40、at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key

41、is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record(7)_you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “ my friends, my school, my dog” day after day

42、means that “ gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froth says. Writing “my dog licked my face(8)_I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in changing(9)_you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and youll start seeing them.Studies show (10)_ using negative, insulting wo

43、rdseven as you talk to yourselfcan darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.Keys: If, who, which, that, What, that, whatever, when, how

44、, that Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand(1)_ people have predispositions（易患某病倾向）to certain diseases. Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge(2)_ or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer. Even before birth, we are able to do genetic sc

45、reenings to determine(3)_a childs genetic disorder will be. Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases(4)_affect human beings.The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towar

46、ds diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases. Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes（中风）.(5)_with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases. In the n

47、ear future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.Many people,(6)_, are unwilling to accept the possibil

48、ities genetic research. For example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is (7)_they are afraid they will be discriminated against. Another problem is(8)_ many people do not want to discover their weakness. What if they learn that they have a disease for (9

49、)_there are no medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to know what they will die of?Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical（道德的）choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well-known o

50、pponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough to experiment with genes and should not play God He asks, Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done? He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same(10) _parents select the tra

51、its of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society.One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients permission. Most people would agree tha

52、t ones health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilitie

53、s for discrimination are obvious.Keys：why，whether，what，that，But，however，because，that，which，if2. 练习之非谓语动词：真题解析1）I was lost for adequate words (1) _ (describe) the sick, sinking feeling of seeing my home, business, and belongings going up in flames along with photographs and memories (2) _ (collect) o

54、ver a lifetime. （选自2017年松江二模）解析:to describe; collected.句中已有谓语动词，无连接词，为一个简单句，故而describe在句中充当words的后置定语，根据句意，用语言去描述这种感觉，collect也做为一个后置定语修饰memories，他们之间应为被动关系。2） But the panic that filled my shocked heart in that awful moment was for the nine cats that shared my home after _ (rescue) from situations of

55、 ill-treatment and abandonment. （选自2017年松江二模）解析：being rescued。after是介词，介词之后用doing的形式，其次根据句意应该为被拯救，用被动语态。3) A neighbor _ (walk) by picked him up and began petting him. （选自2017年松江二模）解析：walking。非谓语做的后置定语，其逻辑主语为neighbor，为主动。4) But the very first people to have had some of their childhood pictures _ (pos

56、t) online are not always happy about their formative years being preserved in digital world. （选自2017年黄浦二模）解析：posted 。have sth done其逻辑主语为pictures，被动。5) Firstly, it will be difficult (1)_ (impose). “When their auntie comes round and takes a picture, were going to have to be like paparazzi police, sayi

57、ng, please dont put these on Facebook. And secondly, the child might dislike (2)_ (not own) an online presence, especially if all of their friends do. （选自2017年黄浦二模）解析：to impose not owning。1空为固定句型 it is adj to do sth. 2空也为固定用法，表示长久的喜好或厌恶，dislike doing sth6) An effective team leader will promote a hig

58、h level of spirit and make them feel _(value).（选自2017年嘉定二模）解析：valued。feel做了谓语，此处valued相当于一个形容词,根据句意应该为“让他们感觉到被珍视”7)Well, according to a team of international scientists, biodiversity is dropping below levels _ (consider) safe for the health and happiness of human societies.（选自2017年虹口二模）解析：considered

59、。非谓语做后置定语，用来修饰levels，其逻辑主语为levels，应为被动。8) Having the story documented in this way helps keep this tradition _(recognize) in our history. （选自2017年金山二模）解析：recognized。help做了谓语，句中无连接词，所以此处为非谓语，其逻辑主语为tradition,应为被动。当堂一测：语法新题型外刊改编系列04 The Ice Man to the RescueCruz Genet, 11, and Anthony Skopick, 10, could

60、nt agree. Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese? There was only one way to find out. So on a chilly January evening last year, the two friendsventured(冒险) onto the frozen pond near their homes in Frankfort, Illinois, (1)_ (get) a better look. First they cast a rock onto the ice to test it, th