动词的词义复习（二）新建MicrosoftPowerPoint演示文稿

1、考点概述考生需了解动词的种类，知道及物动词与不及物动词的基本特点，熟练运用各种助动词，掌握系动词 be，look ，turn ，get，become等和情态动词can, may, must, need的基本用法。1、动词是表示动作或状态的词，按功能可以分成实义动词(又分为及物与不及物动词)，系动词，助动词和情态动词。及物动词与不及物动词的根本区别在于：不及物动词可以直接在其后接宾语，而不及物动词则不能，通常要加上介词后方可接宾语。只有及物动词才有被动式。2、助动词本身没有词义，它只不过与实义动词一起构成谓语动词，形成了时态、语态、构成了疑问句，否定句，以及用来加强语气。be, do, does

2、, did, have, has, had, will, shall等常常用来表示不同的时态、语态（如：be + v +ing进行式, be + v +ed被动式, have + v +ed完成式），构成不同的句式结构(陈述句，疑问句和否定句)和语法结构，表明不同的数的关系(单数或复数)，考生要熟练掌握。3、系动词的后面要接表语，通常是形容词，用以说明或描述主语的情况。有的系动词同时又是实义动词，但含义不同，要根据具体情况而定。如：look 实义动词：看；系动词：显得，看上去。become 实义动词：成为; 系动词：变， 变成等。系动词中，turn, get, become 均有“变化”的意思

3、，但侧重有所不同 。感官动词的look, sound, feel, taste, smell等都能作系动词，其后跟形容词，不能跟副词 ，如feel happy不能说或feel happily, 而且系动词不能构成被动式。4、情态动词表达一种可能、必要、允许、愿望、猜测的意图、倾向。也用来表示语气的委婉和祝愿。初中阶段主要有：can, could, may, might, will, would, must (have to), shall, should。(1). can /could1)表能力。2)推测，用于否定与疑问结构中。Can the news be true? It cant be

4、true.3)表允许。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法。(2). may/might1)表示请求、可以、允许。2)当回答由may/might 引起的问题时，肯定用may，否定答语要用mustnt，表示不准。3)表推测性，可能性很小。(3). must1)表示必须、必要。2）须注意must的否定式：当回答由must表必须引起的问题时，否定答复要用neednt或dont have to 表示不必、无须的意义，而不用mustnt。3)表比较肯定的推测，用于肯定句。决不可能用cant。(4)need 需要。neednt不必。(5)特殊情态动词：1)used to do, be used to doi

5、ng和be used to doused to do意为过去常常；be used to doing / n（名词）意为习惯于；be used to do意为被用来做某事。2)had better (not) + 动词原形，表示建议；have to / has to / had to的否定、疑问形式要借助于助动词do / does / did。 5、短语动词： 从结构组成划分，动词又可分为单动词和短语动词。短语动词在意义上是一个整体，用法上相当于及物动词或不及物动词。短语动词主要有以下六种构成：(1)、动词+介词 eg: look after, send for, care for, ask f

6、or, laugh at, hear of, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后面。eg:Im afraid we dont look after you well enough.She told me that she was to send for it the next morning. (2)、动词+副词 eg: put on, take off, give up, find out, pick up, look up, point out, hand in, carry out, think over等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，可放在副词之前或之后；宾语如果是人

7、称代词或自身代词，则要放在副词之前。eg:Why dont you put on your coat?Lets turn the light on.Id like to think it over.(3)、动词+副词+介词 eg:break away from, look down upon, go on with, catch up with, run out of, add up to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词之后。eg:Fortunately, he broke away from these people years ago.I wish you wouldnt look do

8、wn on (upon) this kind of work.(4)、动词+名词+介词 eg:make use of, take care of, make fun of, take hold of, pay attention to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词的后面。eg:We must make good use of our time.You must take good care of yourself.(5)、动词+形容词 eg:set free, cut open, tear open 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，一般放在形容词前面，有时也可放在后面；宾语如果是人称代词

9、或自身代词，则必须放在形容词前面。eg:They broke into the prison and set all the patriots free.He took up the package and tore it open.(6)、动词+名词 eg:take place, catch fire, make progress, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。 eg:As the wood is wet, it wouldnt catch fire.6、英语的简单句可分为以下五种基本句型。. S(主） + Vi.（不及物动词）（谓） Time flies. 1)

10、 S + V + adverbial(状语） Birds sing beautifully. 2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语） He went on holiday. 3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式） We stopped to have a rest. 4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词） Ill go swimming. . S (主）+ Vt. （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） We like English. 1) S + VT + N/ Pron. I like music. / I like her. 2) S + VT

11、+ infinitive(不定式） I want to help him. 常用于这句型的动词有：dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。 3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive I dont know what to do. 常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, explain, find out, forget, guess, know,

12、 learn, remember, see, tell, think, understand, wonder等。 4) S + VT + Gerund I enjoy living here. 常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。 5) S + VT + That-clause I dont think (that) he is right. 常用于这句型

13、的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得), hear(听说), hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind(当心), notice, propose, request, report, say, see(看出)，show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪)。 . S (主）+ V(谓) (lv)( 系动词）+ P（表） We are C

14、hinese. 除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词，feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。 2) 表转变变化的动词，become, get, grow, turn, go,等。 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。 4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等。 1) S + L

15、v + N/Pron(名词/代词） He is a boy. / This is mine. 2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词） She is beautiful. 3) S + Lv + Adv (副词） Class is over. 4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase He is in good health. 5) S + Lv + Participle(分词） He is excited. / The film is interesting. . S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾） I give you help. 1) S +

16、 VT + N/Pron + N I sent him a book. / I bought May a book. 2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase He sent a book to me. / He bought a coat for me. 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, sell, send, show, teach, tell wi

17、sh, write等。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏), save, sing, spare等。 . S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补） I make you clear. 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N We named our baby Tom. 常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。 2)

18、S + VT + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white. 常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order. 4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive I wish you to stay

19、. / I made him work 常用于这句型的动词有： a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。 b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make,

20、notice, see, watch等。 5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词） I heard my name called. / I feel something moving. 常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, see, set, smell, start, watch等。 6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive He show me how to do

21、 it. 常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。 7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause He told me that the film was great. 常用于这句型的动词有：inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。 S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause He asked me what he should do. 常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.考题精析例1. H

22、ave you seen my glasses? I _ find them. -Sorry, I havent seen them.（2008年武汉31题） A. cant B. shouldnt C. wont D. mustnt解析：准确把握这几个选项的意义即可做出这道题。 A. cant（不能，即没有能力）B. shouldnt（不应该，即没有义务或责任）C. wont（将不，不会，即没有这个打算或者没有这个意愿，“不愿意”）D. mustnt（不准，即强制不允许）。选A。例2. - Do I have to come back tomorrow? - Yes, you _.（2007

23、年武汉43题） A. can B. may C. must D. should解析：注意对话所构成语境及说话者的语气，have to（不得不），很强硬，回答也必须保持语气一致。选C。例3. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. （2008年武汉四月调考40题） A. should B. can C. must D. will解析：这道题考查了can的另一个含义：可以，表示客观条件上的允许。注意区分may（可以）表示主观意愿上

24、的许可。比如：May(Can) I come in?一般来说可以通用，但在特殊情况下，往往有很大差异，前者表示对方主观上让不让进，后者表示客观上（如正在开会）可不可以进入。其它三个词多用于表示“人的情感意愿”。选B。例4. Will you please stay here for the party? Sorry, I _. Ill have to go to an important meeting. （2006年武汉43题）A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont解析：本题选C。表示“不能”，即没有这个条件，后一句“不得不参加一个重要会议”说明了这个条件。例

25、5-Shall I tell John about it? -No，you_Ive told him already（2004年武汉49题） Amustnt Bneednt Ccant Dshant解析：本题选B。上一句中的shall表示“请求”，如选A，“不准”，则是强制命令，可增加原因如“需要保密）；D项多与第一人称搭配使用，表示“不会”；B项表示“不能”，即没有这个能力，或者不具备这个条件；选B，表示“没有必要”，原因就是后面一句“我已经跟他讲了”。例6. -You must come to the meeting on time. -I _.（2005年武汉42题） A. must B

26、. have to C. will D. should解析：当他人提出must“必须”的要求时，回答要么是肯定的I will（我肯定会），要么是Im sorry，并说明原因。理解情态动词使用的过程中，一般要注意：问与答的语气尽可能保持一致和礼貌，符合人之常理。例7. Nancy, its too hot. Put the fish in the fridge, or it will _bad. -Ok, Mom! （2008年武汉32题） A. go B. change C. feel D. keep解析：题干理解为“天很热，不把鱼放进冰箱就会变坏”，这里的变化应该用A。B项是及物动词，不能与

27、形容词连用，即不能把它当成系动词使用。C和D都可以作系动词，但意义不合适。例8. - How do you like her voice?-It _ really sweet. （2008年武汉四月调考33题）A. appears B. sounds C. hears D. listens解析：题干表明，声音“听起来”很甜，三个含“听”的单词，只有B项能作系动词使用。例9. I hear the weather will _ cold for another week. I hope not. I hate cold weather. （2006年武汉42题）A. turn B. last C

28、. get D. stay解析：题干理解为“我听说冷天气还得维持一周”，这里最关键的一个词组for another week，表示在原有的基础上“还加上一周”，能够表示“维持，保持”之意而且可接形容词作表语的只有D。B项表示“持续”，但不能作系动词使用。A和C表示“变得”，强调变化的过程，不能与词组for another week连在一起理解。另外还须注意以下词汇的词义辨析。get表示“逐渐达到某个阶段或境界”，比如：get longer, get old, get angry, get cold； grow“渐渐变得”，强调可以明显看到量的积累所形成的渐变过程，比如：grow better,

29、 grow clever, grow cold, grow rich, grow taller；go“变得，成为”，多表示不好的变化，比如：go hungry, go mad, go wrong, go blind, go grey；come“变得，成为”，常常指好的事情，比如：come true, come clear, come right, come alive；turn“成为，变成”，多用于颜色的变化，后面还可以接名词（不加不定冠词），比如：turn green / yellow / red / fine, turn writer / teacher；become“变得，成为”，英语中

30、最常见的一个通用词，既可指向好的也可指向坏的变化，其表语可以是形容词、代词或名词。例10. Why did you come back so early? -The English party has been _ till next Friday. （2008年武汉38题） A. put on B. put off C. put away D. put out解析：“为什么回来得早，因为英语晚会被推迟至下周五”，选B。on放在动词后作副词，有“（放，穿，连接）上”和“向前，（继续）下去”之意，如：have new shoes on, put the coat on, work on, wal

31、k on, and so on；这里的put on“穿上，戴上”。 off放在动词后作副词，有“离开”、“脱落”、“断开”、“光，完”和“休息”之意，比如：They drove off; The radio is off; His money was off; We are off one day。这里的put off “推迟”。away副词，“离开，在远处，消失，远”，比如：go away, fly away, keep away, laugh away, 这里的put away“收起来，放好”。out副词，“不在里面，不在家，远离，问世，显露，过时，大声地，到尽头，熄灭，下台”，比如：go

32、 out, take the money out, sleep out, stay out; The secret / book / flower / dress / light /fire is out; speak out, run out, work out, put the fire out。这里的put out“伸出，扑灭，生产”。例11. -Bob, your friends are really nice. -Youre right. I choose my friends on how we _.（2008年武汉四月调考36题）A. turn on B. put on C. g

33、et on D. go on解析：“选择朋友，以相处的程度为标准”，符合题意的是C。A. turn on开启（电设备）B. put on“穿上，戴上”D. go on继续。例12. - Where did you go after we left the library yesterday? - I went downtown and_ my aunts on my way home. （2007年武汉37题） A. played with B. called at C. waited for D. looked after解析：关键在于理解my aunts我姑姑（阿姨）家，名词后加所有格单独

34、使用时，常指“某某地方”，如：the teachers (office), the doctors (clinic)；四个选项中能接地点的词组只有B，顺便探访。例14. The window are broken and need to be repaired. I think so. They can hardly _ the cold now. （2006年武汉36题） A. keep out B. give out C. take out D. put out解析：“破窗户几乎不能御寒了”。A. keep out使. 处于外面，即让寒冷处于户外B. give out分发，散发；用完C.

35、take out（就近）取出，拿出，拔掉D. put out“伸出，扑灭，生产”。例15-I still cant understand -_this word in the dictionary and then tell me the answer（2004年武汉45题） ALook at BLook after CLook up DLook for解析：“不懂就查阅字典，然后说答案”。表示查阅的只有C。ALook at看着BLook after照顾DLook for寻找。例13. - Great changes have taken place in this city. - Right

36、. Many modern tall buildings have been_ these years. （2007年武汉39题） A. turned up B. put up C. shown up D. fixed up解析：“这些年来这座城市的变化是：许多现代化的高层建筑被建造起来”，首先要知道这个句子里的动词是被动结构，只能是及物动词，再看四个选项的意义，A. turned up开大，翻起，出现（不能用于被动结构）B. put up举起，抬起；建立，竖起；张贴；提高，增加C. shown up使显示出；到场，除息（不用于被动结构）D. fixed up修理，修补；安装，确定。选B。二、

37、动词词义专项练习1. - Oh, I forgot to take me pen with me. Could I_ yours?- No _. Help yourself. A. lend; matter B. borrow; trouble C. get; thanks D. use; problem2. - Do you know anything about Bird Flu?- Yes. It_ us sick to eat such animals. We will never do it like this.A. makes B. takes C. costs D. gets3.

38、 Hi, John, have you finished _the book, Harry Potter?-Yes, its interesting.A. workingB. writingC. reading D. selling4. - Will you _ me in a drink?-Yes, Id like to. But Ill have to go home to look after my grandma.A. help B. stay with C. join D. askDACC5. - We are talking about the new play now.- I k

39、now. I _ it very much the day yesterday.A. listened to B. watched C. played D. enjoyed6. Im afraid no one will agree with you.- I dont think it _.A. minds B. matters C. works D. troubles7. - How can I get to the station? I dont _ the way.- Dont worry. You can depend on me.A. understand B. tell C. sh

40、ow D. know8. Why has the light been on all day? - Sorry, I _ to turn it off when I left this morning.A. decided B. tried C. failed D. wantedDBDC9. - Doctor, this place _.- Dont worry. Take this medicine three times a day. A. hits B. beats C. drops D. hurts10. - What happened?- When I got to school t

41、his morning, I realized I had _ my backpack at home. A. forgotten B. lost C. missed D. left11. - The expenses for this medical research _ a total of 2,500.- Oh, it cost a lot. A. got B. reached C. arrived D. counted12. -I like watching TV very much. -Televisions _ pleasure to many people. A. make B.

42、 have C. afford D. playDDBC13. At last, the students from Class Three _ the football match. A. beat B. played C. won D. got14. Hangzhou is a nice city. My father _ me there when I was ten years old. A. pulled B. caught C. took D. brought15. When can you finish your homework? It will _ me about half an hour. A. spend B. take C. pay D. bring16. Linda is going to _a piano concert tonight. A. make B. show C. give D. playCCBC17. The little boy _ his seat to the old lady on the crowded bus. A. offered B. brought C. lent D.