2016年高考英语真题分类汇编-专题05-阅读理解(解析版)

1、.word格式.专业.专注.2016年高考试题分项解析之专题5阅读理解1. 2016全国新课标I】AYou probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Ofthe outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(1860-1935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a s

2、ocial worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addans helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)bycreating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson(1907-1964)I

3、f it weren t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day O Connor(1930-present)When Sandra Day O Conn

4、or finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator( 参议员)and ,in 1981, the first woman to join theU.S. Supreme Court. OConnorgave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 year

5、s on the top court.Rosa Parks(1913-2005)On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama,Rasa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgmery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movem

6、ent.The only tired I was, was tired of giving in, “ said Parks.21.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?Her social work.Her lack of proper training in law.Her efforts to win a prize.Her community background.What is the reason for O Connor s being rejected by the law firm?Her lack of proper traini

7、ng in law.Her little work experience in court.The discrimination against women.The poor financial conditions.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the US?A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson. C. Sandra Day O Connor. D. Rosa Parks.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the

8、 text?A. They are highly educated.B. They are truly creative.C. They are pioneers.D. They are peace-lovers.答案】21-24 A C D.C【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几位著名的女性先驱，她们在各白的领域做出了非凡的贡献。ZLA细节理解题。根据第二段苜句可知她是一位社会工作者，而且获得过诺贝尔和平奖。故选A .C细节理解题。根据第四段中加could not find work at a law film because she was a woman可知,她因为 是女性而

9、被法律公司拒绝录用小故选口D细节理解题灯根据末段倒数第二句中and kicked off the dvil-righte mov-emem可知，Rosa Parks对民机运 动做出了贡献口故选Df24一C推理判断题。根据文章对这几个人物的介绍可知，这些女性都是在各目的领域为社会做出贡献的先驱口 故选C.考点：考查人物类短文阅读岐巧点拨】细节理解题的解题可以先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。2. 2016全国新课标I】BGrandparents Answer a CallAs a thi

10、rd generation native of Brownsville, T exas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away,.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children,she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. Thatwas four years ago. T oday all th

11、ree generations regard the move to a success, giving thema closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to thechildren and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even

12、President Obama s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and intothe White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparentscom. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinsons decision will influence the grandparentsin the American family. Two-thirds bel

13、ieve more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn t get away from home fa r enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,“ says Christine Crosby, publisher of gratetomagazine for grandparents .We now realize how important family i

14、s and how important”be near them, especially when you re raining children. ”Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren fa

15、r away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.25. Why was Garza s move a success?A . It strengthened her family ties.It improved her living conditions.It enabled her make more friends.D . It helped her know more new places.26.What wa

16、s the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinsons decision?A . 17% expressed their support for it.Few people responded sympathetically.83% believed it had a bad influence.D . The majority thought it was a trend.27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?A . They were unsure of raise more childre

17、n.They were eager to raise more children.They wanted to live away from their parents.D . They bad little respect for their grandparent.28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the lasr paragraph?Make decisions in the best interests of their ownAsk their children to pay more visits to t

18、hemSacrifice for their struggling childrenGet to know themselves better答案】25-28. A D C A【解析】试题分析；本文是一篇议论文.主要讲述目前社会上很多老年人愿意撤到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势.同时作者也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择，不要仅仅为孩子考虑而牺牲了自己习惯了的生活方式小25一 A细节理解题。根据苜段末句可知,跖1市1 Garza老人搬到离孩子近的地方居住让他们的关系更密切， 一家人认为这是一个成功的事情口故选A.D 细节理解题。根据第二段末句thirds believe more families

19、 will follow the cscamplc cf Obamas family可知，很多人会受MaimRobii均jn的黄响，所以这回形成一种潮流。故选D。.C细节理解题口根据第三段首句可知，在四年代人们都箝望离开家，以此来证明自己的独立电故选aA推理判断题。根据末段推知，作者建议人们要明智不要为了孩子而做出牺牲。故选A。考点：社会生活类短文阅读岐巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。28题中则根据it is wiser

20、 to say no 推断出作者的立场。3. 2016全国新课标UCI am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. SinceMarch 2012, Ive done 89 trips ofthose , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干名田胞）in my little boxbecause Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the time the stemcells are

21、 harvested from a donor（ 捐献者）to the time they can be implanted in the patient,we ve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington

22、 then back to London.But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said:Well, I mreally sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights fromWashington. So Itookmy box and put it on the desk and I said:In this box are somestem cells that are urgentlyneeded for a

23、 patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom. Shejust droppedeverything. She arrangedfor a flight on asmall plane tobe held formere-routed（改道）me through Newarkand got me backto the UK evenearlierthanoriginally scheduled.For this courier job, you re consciously aware than t

24、hat box you re got something that is potentially going to save somebody s life.Which of the following can replace the underlined wordcourier in Paragraph17A providerB delivery manC collectorD medical doctor.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?He cannot stay away from his job too

25、long.The donor can only wait for that long.The operation needs that very much. D. The ice wont last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London B. To NewarkC. To Providence D. T o Washington答案】29-31.B D.B【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历j表现了人们之间 的友爱色29B 词义猜测题。根据

26、本段内容 rve done 89 taps 和 I lave 42 hours Io cany stem cells in my little best 以及第 二段内容可知作者是运送干细胞的人，也就是ddigyman。故选B。岐巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行彳#测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。30. D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little bo

27、xbecause I ve got two ice packs and that s how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持 42 小时适宜的温度。故选D。31.B 细节理解题。根据第二段末句She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held forme, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。故选B。考点：故事类短文阅读4. 2016全国新课标UDThe meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.

28、 Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may alsoshow stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（间隙）with conversation. Person

29、s in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding apersons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as sometraditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cult ures

30、is speaking and suddenlystops, what maybe implied（ 暗示）is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in

31、relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to

32、 that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxie

33、ty their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patientssilence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing（ 治愈）value of silence can use this understanding to assi

34、st in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.What does the author say about silence in conversations?It implies anger.It promotes friendship.It is culture-specific.It is content-based.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?The Chinese.Th

35、e French.The Mexicans.The Russians.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?Let it continue as the patient pleases.Break it while treating patients.Evaluate its harm to patients.Make use of its healing effects.What may be the best title for the text?Sound and SilenceWhat It Means to Be

36、 SilentSilence to Native AmericansSpeech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold答案】32-35.C A D B1解析】试题分析，本文是一篇说明文j主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵“在有些时1%人们利用沉 默来解决人们之间的冲突，而在有些时候沉默则被认为表示顽固或者是担忧“.C细节理解题卬根据文章首段首句meaning of silence varies among cultural groups 可知，作者认为 沉熬是有文化特性的。A 细节理解题 a 根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the p

37、craon wants the listener to consider what has been said before wiitiiiuiiig可知中国人认为谈话时人们的沉默是在思考谈话内容.D 细节理解题 q 根据末段末句 A nurse who undersiaiKh the healing value of silence 回 use this undeistanding to assist in the care of patioits可知，作者建议护士要利用沉默的好处来护理病大o故选D 口3$B主旨要义题中文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可

38、以概 括文童内容。故选B 0考点：社会生活类短文阅读5. 2016全国新课标II】AWhat s OnElectric Underground7.30pm 1.00am Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know who s playing in your area? We re bringing you an evening of live rock andpop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician andgetting a recording

39、contract（ 合同）? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He s going to talk about how you can find the right perooproduce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. He s the funniest comedian on the comedyscene.

40、This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizzreally knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks（快餐）.Simon s Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. T

41、he workshoplooks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh.Simon is a come dian and actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. Hisworkshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11

42、.00pmPizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta（ 面食）.Book early to get a table. Our bar is o

43、pen all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.Who can help you if you want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.D. James Pickering.At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops Theatre B. KaleidoscopeC. Victoria S

44、tage D. Pizza WorldWhat do we know about Simon s Workshop?A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time.C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday.When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm. B. 7.30pm 1.00am.C. 8.00pm-11.00pm. D. 8.30pm-10.30

45、pm.答案】1.A2. B 3. D 4. C【解析】试题分析：本文属于广告类阅读，分别介绍了四则广吉Electric Underground、Gee Whizz、Simon s Wmkshop、 amlotteSio配的具体内容及细节信息。整篇文章难度较小。1.A 细节理解题 R 根据第一则广告最后一句going to talk aboul how you can find light petson to produceyoui musico可知丁ules Skye可以教你如何制作音乐。那么如果你想做你自己的音乐，你就可以去找他口故 A正确。2.B 细节理解题根据第二则广告第三句 This

46、joyful show will please eveiyone, from the youngest Io the oldest 可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的大都很开心口表演的场所在Kakidgspe。故B正确。3.D细节理解题q根据第三则广告第二行中5_00 pm- 7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria可知痴ionsWorksliop的表演是在每周三下午5点至7点3Q之间进行。故D项正确。4.C细节理解题。根据第四则广告第二行8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza Wortd”可知Charlotte Stone将在晚上8.00 至11点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲，故

47、C项正确。咯师点睛】本文属于广告类短文，所考查四题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩 ，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子（即定位），然后进行比较和分析（尤其要注意一些同义转换），从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子（有时可能是几个句子）或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而

48、找出正确答案。以本文为例，我们根据题干中 people of different ages enjoy a good laugh”所有年龄段的人都能够从中获得笑声 ，直接定位第二则广告第三句This joyful show will please everyone,from the youngest to the oldest可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心，故选择 B项。考点：考查广告类阅读6. 2016全国新课标II】BFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a t

49、est at thebeginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoysin front of each student, and said:ethin g oMat kf tsomrinkertoys. You have 45minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see t

50、he rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of themodel plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. Hisconstructions filled a she

51、lf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. Iwas delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind atwork. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whosecreativity would infect（ 感染）other students.Encouraging this k

52、ind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those studentswho had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, But Ire asleep?creative. ”“Do you dream at night when you“Oh, sure.S So tell me one of your most interesting dreams. The student would tell something wildlyim

53、aginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.creative. Who does that for you?Nobody. I do it.“Rea-yat night, when youre asleep?Sure.Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to?A. know more about the studentsB. make the less

54、ons more excitingC. raise the studen ts interest in art D. te ach the students about toy designWhat do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative.What does the underlined word“ downsid

55、e in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake. B. Drawback.C. Difficulty. D. Burden.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways

56、of thinking.答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A【解析】试题分析：本文属于记叙文j作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现拜鼓励学生的创造性和想象力，5-A推理判断题.根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹襦看在等看看别 人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另外一些学生则根据本人的想象 力做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同的理解。故A正确。机D推理判断题。文章第三E殳第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺 术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多&第三段倒数第三句Here was an exce

57、ptionally creative mind at work” 说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人，故口项正确。7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句I ran the risk of losing those students who had adifferent style of thinking.可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为 drawback缺点”。故B正确。8-A推理判断题.根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力的 梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来,作者这样做的目的就是为

58、了让他们发现自己的创造性 和想象力&故A正确百咯师点睛】本文属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句Iran the riskthinking. ”中的Ask”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为 drawback缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例：Shanghai Bashi T ourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide vari

59、ety ofchoices -deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent（出租汽车），也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but ,however , otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号（；）也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。还可以

60、根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，宥因必有果，有果必有因。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如Biggest power failure in the citys historyAll of our ice 一cream and frozen foods melted.根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品融化”，也就是melted。考点：考查记叙文阅读7. 2016全国新课标IUCReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. Theychoose books to