2016年中考英语话题阅读理解专项练习15 科普知识与现代技术(含答案)

1、科普知识与现代技术一、阅读理解（共20小题；共40分）AHaveyounoticedyourlifebecomingalittleeasier?Now,whenyougotoacertainshoppingmall,youcanenjoyitsfreeWi-Fithere.Whenyouwanttotakeataxi,youcanbookonewithyourphone.Infact,allthesecanbeseenasthebasicpartsofasmartcity.TheideaofasmartcitywasbroughtupbyUScompanyIBMin2010.Generally

2、,asmartcityisacitythatusesdigitaltechnologiessuchastheInternettoimprovecityplanning,savemoneyandresources,andmakeourlifeconvenient.Howsmartcanacitybe?Herearegreatexamplesthatwecanlearnfrom.In2009,DubuquebecamethefirstsmartcityintheUS.Thecityusedsmartwatermeterstotaketheplaceoftraditionalwatermeters.

3、Theycandetect（探测）waterwasteandleakage（泄漏）andsenddatatoletthehouseownerknow.Thesamesystemisusedforothercityresourceslikeelectricityandnaturalgas.Thisway,peopleknowhowtheyusetheirresourcesandaregladtohelpreducewaste.SantanderinSpainalsogivesusalookatthefuture.Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,th

4、ephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatservethestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes.ThegovernmentorganizedaresearchteamandprovidedanApp（应用程序）thatcollectsdataonalmosteverything:light,temperature,andthemovementsofcarsandpeople.OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovidesimmediateinformationonspecialoffers.Accordingto

5、thepassage,whichofthefollowingisRIGHT?Digitaltechnologiesareusedinsmartcities.AnEnglishcompanyfirstraisedtheideaofasmartcity.AsmartcityismainlymadeupoffreeWi-Fiandphones.Asmartcityisstillanideaandhasntcomeintobeing.TheunderlinedwordconvenientistheclosestinmeaningtousefulB.normalC.suitableD.easyCompa

6、redtotraditionalwatermeters,smartwatermetersdobetterin.cleaningwaterB.supplyingwaterC.savingwaterD.producingwaterTheexampleofSantandershowstheuseofsmartsystemsinaspects（方面）EXCEPT.businessB.healthcareC.trafficcontrollingD.publictransportationWhatsthemainideaofthepassage?Digitaltechnologieshelpimprove

7、cityplanning.Smartcitieswillmakeourfuturelifebetterandsmarter.SmartcitiesareverycommoninbothDubuqueandSantander.SpainandtheUStaketheleadingpositioninbuildingsmartcities.BIfyourpenbrokeatschooltoday,whatwouldyoudo?Youwouldgotoashopandbuyanewone.Whatifyoucouldsimplyprintoutareal,workingpenwithyour3-Dp

8、rinterwithoutleavingyourroom?Tenyearsagopeoplecouldonlysee3-Dprintinginsciencefictionmovies.Butnow3-Dprintingishereanditsbringingbigchanges.Unlikenormalprintingthatcanonlycopya2-Dpicturewithink.3-Dprintingcanbuildalmostanythingmadefrommaterial.Theprinterlayers（分层）thematerialindifferentshapestocreate

9、theobjectyouwanttobecopied.The3-Dprinterhasbeenusedtomakemanydifferentthings.Peoplehavemadecups,carsandevenanairplanewithit.Doctorshavebeenusing3-Dprintersforseveralyears.Peoplesnervoussystemshavebeenprintedoutin3-Dforminmedicalresearch.Somebodypartshavebeenprintedandusedinhospital.Severalmonthsago,

10、doctorsuseda3-Dprintertorebuildthefaceofapersonwhohadabadaccident.Inthefuture,itisexpectedthattheprinterwillmakehumanorganstosavemorelives.Howevertherearedrawbackstotheprinter.Atthemoment,printingcanbequiteslowanditsstillratherexpensive.Theaverage（平均的）priceofahouseholdprinterisaround$1,700,notinclud

11、ingthecostofthematerials.Butasthetechnologydevelops,itshouldntbelongbeforedisadvantagesareimproved.Onlytimewilltellwherethisnewtechnologywilltakeus.Peoplecouldsee3-Dprintingintenyearsago.largehighschoolsciencefictionmoviesdigitalcamerashopPeoplestillcantmakea（n）witha3-Dprintersofar.airplaneB.faceC.o

12、rganWhatdoestheunderlinedworddrawbacksmean?不足B.趋势C.优点WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?Thenormalprintercanbuild3-Dobjectsyouwant.Nonervoussystemsareprintedoutin3-Dform.The3-Dprintingcanbecheaperandfasterinthefuture.Whatsthebesttitleofthepassage?TheDisadvantagesof3-DPrintingTheChangesBroughtby3-DPrintingTheR

13、apidDevelopmentofScienceCDoyouwanttokeepawayfromcolds?Youmustsay,Ofcourse.Now,first,pleaseputonahappyface.Anewstudyshowsthathappyandrelaxingpeopleseemtofallilllessoftenthanthoseunhappypeople.Itspossiblethatbeinghappyhelpsthebodyfightillnesses,saidtheresearcherSheldonCohenfromNewYorkUniversity（大学）.In

14、anearlierstudy,Cohenfoundthatcheerfulandlivelypeoplecaughtcoughsandcoldslessoften.Peoplesfeelingsseemedtoaffecttheirhealth.Inthisstudy,Coheninterviewed（米访）193adults（成人）everydayfortwoweeks.Duringtheinterviews,thepeopletoldresearchersthatthedoctorsaskedthemtostayaloneinaroomforsixdaysbecauseofthecold.

15、Theresultsshowedthepeoplewhosaidtheyfelthappyduringtheresearchperiod,theirillnesswerelessseriousandlastedforashortertime.Cohenbelievesthatwhenpeoplehavegoodfeelings,theirbodymaymakeachemical,anditcanhelpfightillnessesanddiseases.Soifyouareworriedaboutyourhealth,lookonthebrightsidemoreoften.Justasthe

16、oldsayinggoes,Acoinhastwosides.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordresearchermeaninChinese?A.工程师B.经理C.研究者D.哲学家Whatdidthestudyfind?Happypeopleneverfellill.Peoplesfeelingsdidntaffecttheirhealth.Happyandlivelypeoplehadlessseriousillnesses.Peoplewithgoodfeelingsbecameillmoreeasily.AccordingtoCohen,whichofthefollow

17、ingcanhelpfightillnessesanddiseases?Sleeping.B.Laughing.C.Eating.D.Worrying.Wherecanyoureadthepassage?Inthenewspaper.B.Inastorybook.C.Inanovel.D.Inanopera.WhatdoesthesentenceAcoinhastwosides.mean?A.Acoinhasleftandrightside.Acoinhasfrontandbackside.Athingusuallyhasbadandgoodsides.D.Thecoinsfrontsidei

18、sbetterthanthebackside.DTheDream.Itiseveryonesdreamtoworkathomeornotworkatall.Youcanplanyourownhoursandworkwhenyouwantto.Thereisnomorerushhourandnohoursthatpeoplewastewhentheygettoandfromajobeveryday.TheFact.Thefactisthatthisdreamcanbeattained.Youcanstayathome,workwhenyouwanttoandmakemoneywhenyounee

19、dto.Thereareplentyofopportunitiesforyoutomakemoneyathome,justbyusingyourcomputerandtheInternet.StartToday!Educateyourself,lookcloselyintoalltheopportunitiesanddecideonwhatworksbestforyou.Itwillnothappenduringonenight,butyoucanmakethedecisiontodayandstarttomakeithappentoday.HowCouldYouDoIt?Doyouhavea

20、blogorapersonalwebsitelikemillionsofotherpeople?Areyouusingittomakemoney?Mostoftheseblogandwebsiteownersarenot.Butyoucandothat!.WhenyouhaveyourcomputerandtheInternetworkingforyou,yourbusinesseswillbeworkingforyou24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Youwillmakemoneywhileyousleep,travelordowhateveryouwanttodoal

21、ldaylong.GetGoing!Therearemanywaysyoucanmakemoneywithyourcomputer.Andyoucanbeginyourstay-at-homebusinesseswithjustalittlemoney.Whatareyouwaitingfor?Inwhichpartofanewspaperwouldyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?A.SpotsB.NewsC.CultureD.BusinessWhatdoestheunderlinedword“attained”inPoint2mean?A.BrokenB.Rea

22、lizedC.LostD.DestroyedWhatsthebesttitleforPoint5?A.Sleep24HoursaDayB.MakeMoneyEveryMomentC.PlayAllDayLongD.TravelAroundtheWorldWhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Peopleneedalotofmoneytostartastay-at-homePeoplecanevenusetheirblogstomakemoneyPeoplecanplantheirowntimewhentheyworkatPeople

23、canmakethebestdecisionandstarttomakeHowisthepassageorganized?ByusingfamouspeopleswordsBygivingreasonsonlyByshowingatopicandgivingsolutionsBytellingoldstories二、阅读与表达（混合式）（共10小题；共10分）3Dprintershavebeenaroundusforsometime.Thereisalotyoucandoandimagewitha3Dprinter.AcompanyinChinahasrecentlyused3Dprinter

24、stomaketenfull-sizedhousesinjust24hours.Thesehousesareprintedwithspecialinkthathasbeenmadefromindustrialconstructionwaste.Theusingofcheapmaterialsmakesitpossibletoprinteachhouseunder$5000.TheCEOofthecompanysays:.Heplanstosetup100recyclingfactoriesacrossChina,changingwasteintocost-effectiveinkfor3Dpr

25、inters.However,atpresent,multi-storey3DprintedbuildingarenotallowedinChina.So,itsimportantthatthe3Dprintingtechnologywillbewidelyusedtobuildanytimesoon.Maybethereisstillalongwaytogo.任务一：从下列A-D中选择合适的句子补全至文中-处。Theyarebothenvironment-friendlyandcost-effective.Nowaddbuildingahouseinadaytothelist.Healsoh

26、opeshisprinterscanbeusedtobuildtallbuildings.Andeachofthehousescoversanareaof200squaremeters.任务二：选择题。Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTURE?A.Eachoftheprintedhousedcostsatleast5000dollars.TheresnolimitinChinatoprinttallbuildingwith3Dprinters.The10full-sizedhousesareprintedoutofrecycledmater

27、ials.3Dprinterswillsooncameintocommonusetobuildhouses.DoyouknowWeibo?DoyouwriteaWeibo?Ifyoudont,youareout!Weibomeansmicroblog.Peoplemayspendmuchtimewritingablog,butittakesalittletimetowriteamicroblog.Why?MicroblogstartedintheUSA.ItcametoChinain2009andithasdevelopedveryfast.In2011,thenumberofChinesem

28、icro-bloggersgrewto300million.Formanymicroblogusers,itisagreatwayoflearningthefreshestnews,talkingwithfriendsandsharingdifferentkindsofinformation,includingnews,dailylife,pictures,musicandsoon.Manystarsandfamouspeoplealsowritemicroblogsandsharegoodthingswiththeirfans.Itiseasyandfasttosendamessageona

29、microblog.Forexample,whenthebigearthquakeandtsunami（海啸）hitJapaninMarch,2011,messageslikeSaltcanprotectpeoplefromradiationwerehotonmicroblogs.Laterpeoplerealizeditwasjustarumor（谣言）.Inaword,microhlogplaysanewroleinthelifeofChinesepeople.任务一：从下列A-D中选择合适的句子补全至文中-处。Itsooncausedacrazybuyingofsalt.However,thiscanalsoleadtoproblemsandevencausepanic.Becauseeverymess