英语语法部分情态动词

1、Modal Verbs情态动词上海交通大学 庞一明E-mail： 教学目标TEACHINGOBJECTIVESTo learn to use the sentence pattern - can/cant to express ability and permission. 学会用can/cant表达能力和许可To learn to use the sentence pattern- must/mustnt to make suggestions or to express rules and regulations 学会用must/mustnt提建议或描述规定和规则教学程序TEACHINGP

2、ROCESSUnderstand the teaching objectives明确教学目标Determine the teaching theme.明确教学主题Case Study案例学习什么是情态动词？What is modal verb?定义：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。内容：情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列（括号中为过去式）：can(could), may(might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared), shall(should), will(would)位

3、置：情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前，谓语动词前若有助动词，则在助动词之前，疑问句中，情态动词则在主语之前。情态动词的特点： 情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。 情态动词的用法： can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及 客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般

4、现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。 must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。 need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 neednt + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

5、 ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 情态动词的用法(Cont.)： ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。 have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必

6、须 GAME TIME！GAME 1 WHAT CAN I DO WITH IT?(我能用它来做什么?)活动说明这是一个猜单词的游戏,但是谜面要求学生们自己给出击而且只能用can句型.这不仅能帮助学生加强对can句型的掌握,更能很好的复习巩固旧单词.请1-5名同学离开教室,然后教师出示单词,学生们用can给出至少5条线索,等外面的同学回来后,大家轮流给出线索,1-5名中最早猜出谜底的同学胜.GAME 1 WHAT CAN I DO WITH IT?(Cont.)教师用语Now were going to play a game. We need 5 volunteers to go out o

7、f the room, and then Ill show the others a word. Try to describe the word with “What can I do with it?” and let the volunteers guess.Example:Word: birdClues: a. You can keep them as pets. b. You can play with them. c. You can cook them. d. You can find them in the tree or in the cage.GAME 2 LOOKING

8、FOR A JOB(找工作)活动准备 3-4份12张一一对应的信息卡(角色的需求和能力)活动说明这是一个模拟人才市场招聘的情景游戏,教师将12张一一对应的信息卡分发给学生.招聘者在教室后排坐好,应聘者在教室里走动找工作,由招聘者向应聘者提问What can you do?/Can you.?应聘者根据自己的资料做出回答.活动结果是让招聘者和应聘者配对成功.教师用语 Now were playing a game-Looking for a job. Half of us are job hunters and the others are bosses. The job hunters, pl

9、ease walk around the room and try to find a good job. The bosses, please ask them questions “What can you do?” or “Can you?” for the jobs. Lets see who can find a good job first.GAME 2 LOOKING FOR A JOB(Cont.)Information card:You can: sing, dance, act, drawWanted(actor/actress)must be able to: sing,

10、 dance, actYou can: speak English, type, drive, swim, paly the piano, use computerWanted(secretary) must be able to: type, speak English, use computer.You can: swim, ride, drive, ski, play football, play tennis, run fast, speak English, use computer.Wanted(PE teacher)must be able to: swim, run fast,

11、 play football, play tennisYou can: sing, play the piano, dance, draw, read music, play the guitarWanted(Art and Music teacher)must be able to: sing, read music, draw, play the piano, danceYou can: speak English, cook, drive, ride, swimWanted(cook)must be able to: cookYou can: speak English, drive,

12、ride, singWanted(driver)must be able to: speak English, driveROLEPLAY角色扮演学生 1STUDENT1ALICE(A)BOB(B)学生2STUDENT2detailsAlice is one who has some trouble recently and Bob is her friend, so Bob wants to give her some advice. The conversation is as follows:A: I have a stomachache.B:_A:I m getting much fatter than before.B:_A:I have a sore throat.B: _A: Nobody wants to make friends with me.B:_A:I only got 77 points in