《名利场》的现实意义初探

1、?名利场?的现实意义初探摘要:是19世纪英国批判现实主义作家萨克雷的代表作,这部伟大的作品具有鲜明的艺术特色。以幽默、挖苦、旁白等叙事手法陈述故事,通过愉快活泼的对话刻划人物,采用现实主义表现手法揭露当时英国上流社会尔虞我诈的种种丑态,使作品产生了独特的艺术魅力,从而奠定了萨克雷在英国文学史上的重要地位。关键词:?名利撤;现实主义;幽默;挖苦;旁白abstrat:vanityfairrittenbyilliaakepeaethakerayisgenerallyregnizedashisasterpiee,thrughhihheestablishedhisiprtantpsitininthehi

2、henvel,thakerayprfundlyexpsesthesialevilsandrealityfthetiesthrughrealisandsatire.thispapertriestakeseexplratinsfthenvelpseleentsfrealisandsatirethatntributeuhtitsgreatsuess.keyrds:vanityfair;realis;satire;hur;narratinthakeraysaid:theaifthetragedyandpetryistinvkevariusfeelin

3、gsuhephasisn“natureandtruth.itsritingstyleissasuline,feliitus,hurusandpleasantthatunlesstverybtusepereptins,nefairisrittendn.seesnthitanfailfbeingattrative.partiularlyitsartistifeaturesarereuniqueparediththseftherntepraryeurpeanriters.“theartfthenvelistexpressnature,tnveytruth1atinsandlanguagesftheh

4、aratersarefheriharateristi.thusheputsundertheguidefthispriniple,hisasterpieevanityinyeyes,thefirstartistifeaturefvanityfairisitsrealis.itisprinentlyanifestedintersfharaterizatin.thetriuphfthakeraypsartfharaterizatinishisrealis.hispersnagesarerealisti.anyfthearedranfrpersnsatuallyknnthi.thusitissaidt

5、hataeliasedleyisdranafterhisnife,andsydneyrgansuggestedastheriginfrrebea(beky)sharp2.hisharatersareneithergdnrdevil,butrealhuanbeingsithnhuanjysandsrrs,virtuesandeaknesses.thisisthereasnfrtheirvitality,theyareslidfiguresffleshandbldandnterelylifelessabstratins.realisisanifestedbytheeffetiveusefphysi

6、aldetails.theyareneverpresentedinislatin,butintheirilieu,bthsialandphysial.thakeraypsralityisrerealisti,nearertnaturethanthatfdikens.therearenpetijustie,nsuddennversinsandnartifiialtryingfthelseendsattheend.theikedsufferers,andtheirsufferingequitenaturallyandnviningly.attheentftheirhighestahieveent,

7、theirsuessturnsuttbedustandash.bekysharpsueedsinarryingradn,buthersuessbeespintlessinheruthhensirpittprpsestherandsherealizesthatshehasittedanerrrfjudgent.dbbinisagentlean,hsueedsinarryingaelia,butrealizesthattheprieisntrthhaving.aeliaastesthebestyearsfherlifeinnursingtheeryfherhusband,andthenestknt

8、heend,bththegdandtheikedahievenlyaliitedsuess.aeliapssuessandhappinessisntuhgreaterthanthatfbeky.theralityinferredinthisnvelisresignifiantthanthatfdikens.hever,thakeraypstfrequentralentsftenstrikeajarringnte,andintrdueaneleentfartifiiality.theartistiandiaginativereali

9、tyistbefrequentlyvilatedbytheintrusinfadifferentrderfreality.radnheatsatardsandtheybekyandradnpendantsissbriggsandraggles,andthusaretheastersftheartflivingnnthingayear.therelatinshipbeteenbekyandsteyneisbasednney.sexhasnthingtdithitasfarasrebeaisnerned.besides,thakerayalsexelsasapainterfanners.eansa

10、yvanityfairisanvelfanners.itseekstdepitthesialbehavirfthevitrianupperiddle2lass.neygettingandlsing,andsiallibingistheveryhubflife.stheyarealstheveryrefvanityfair.theseaspetsflifehavebeenrystallizedinthenvel,ashattheyereinvitrianlife,thrughthedesriptinfsialrelatinships,andthesesialrelatinshipsenterar

11、undarriageandney2.afeexaplesillsuffietillustratethepint.bekyisasialrebelandtheahieveentsfealth,rankandsialstatusandtheabitinsfherlife.sheseekstahievetheseaisthrugharriage.shearriesradnntutflve,butiththispurpseinherind.hadshentarriedhifirst,sheuldhavearriedldsirpitt,beauseheasinabetterpsitintprvidehe

12、rithealthandstatus.henheprpsesther,sheshedsthenlygenuinetearsfherlife.shehasnarrlyissedhergal.fleeepettytradersanderhants,eventheirdesiallibingistherazeftheday,asitisithbekysharp.therihhavegrnriher,andthenelyrih,likeldsbrne,nseeksialregnitin,prestigeandstatusthrughtheirealth.ldsbrneisallusandhard2he

13、arted.andneyiseverythingthi.hesnbbishlyseverstherelatinsiththesedleysassnasldsedleylseshisney,eventhughjhnsedleyhasbeenhisbenefatrandhasbefriendedhiintiesfneed.heallshisfrerfriendsbyharshnaes.hefrbidshissntarryaeliaandantshitarryanilliterateulatt2girl,hhasaltfney.heispreparedtgivehissnanyauntfneynly

14、ifhekeepstgenteelsiety,frinhisvie,“thegenteelannevergrng4.inbrief,thakerayisatruerepresentativefustsandnernsfvitrianlife.hehasrealistiallyrepresentedtheseaysidefhisage.eanallhiagreatrealistiriter.inypininsatireisantherartistifeaturefvanityfair.asasatirist,hehasruthlesslyexpsedvariusflliesandfrivliti

15、es,eaknessesandviesftheupperiddlelassfhistie.butthakeraypssatireiskindlyandgenial,nlyasinallyalittlebitter.thethreeeapnsbyhihheahieveshisexpsurefhuanvanityandaffetatinare(a)irny,(b)usefsatirialnaesand()hurussituatins.(a)irnyuniqueinanyays,irnyisthekeyntefthakeraysattitade.itistheirnyfanexperiened,el

16、derlyanftherld,hissurveyingthepanraafvanityfairiththesaeirnialsile,justasheisathingtheativitiesfhildrenatplay.irnyisipliitinstyle.verbalirny,irnyflife,irnyfharaterandirustanesareallthere,lringthenarrativeandipartingtitarareharandfreshness.invanityfair,efindirnyfeverykind.itversaiderange.itissetiesbi

17、ting,setiesplayful,butalayspertinentandtthepint.afeinstanesuldservetbringutthesalientfeaturesfthakeraypsirny.hereareafefthakeraypsirnientsnthefalseney2valuesinvanityfair.“i,frypart,haveknnafive2pundntetinterpseandknkupahalf2enturypsattahentbeteentbrethren;andanptbutadire,asithinkhatafineand4durablet

18、hinglveisangrldlypeple.nantherasinheents:“hataharingrenilerand4peaeakerneyis!entingnissgraley,hesays,“thegdqualityfthisladyhasbeenentined.shehasabalaneatherbankerpshihuldhaveadeherbelvedanyhere.4eneinfragdsharefthakeraypssaras.hehashistngue2in2heekashedesribesbekypsneedfney:“allsheantedastheprpsal,a

19、ndah!hrebeanfelttheantfather!adear,4tenderther,huldhaveanagedthebusinessinteninutes.bekypsfriendshipithladyjaneissuhthat,“.thesetladiesdidntseeuhfeahexeptupnthseasins,hentheyungerbrtherpsendfsirpitt.lrdsteynediesintheluthesfasend2rateurtesan.jssedley,havingspenthisgreatlustsnurriesandaistatsandhavin

20、gesapedhisvaletpsrazr.gergediesinthebldbathfpatritis,thesenereblakhurstarkfrbeingunderplayed,andtherearksithhihthakerayprefaestheauntfhisdeathpitureasapretaazinglyreainsainvel,rarelyapprahingevenhatenall,butdespitetheharshnessfthispiture,tifiedtribalversinftheiralbrutalityngenitaltan.2vanityfair.“th

21、sehreaditasadstevskyanrenderingfhell(b)satirialnaesnearthdistrtitevenrethanthsehakeitaprt2arxisttrat.1thetneinhihthakeraytellsthestry,thughasinallybitter,isreftengenial.thakerayisadeptingivingtell2talenaesthisharatershihareftenhurusandirni.frertainupatinstheauthrhses“killingnaes.lanethesurgen;rs.bri

22、eflessthebarristerpsife;sirthasffintheelebratedhangingjudge.tprtraypersnalharaterististherearenaessuhasr.sirk,isstday,thereverendr.risp,andthereverendr.flere.rs.flaingdressesinarisnsilkgn.lrdethuselahisanldan,andrs.highflyerisasialliber.thesituatinfthestry,atthetiethenaesareentined,frequentlyaugents

23、thesatire.hereisanexapin.bekyisridingithsirpitttqueenpsraley.therainispuringdn.thetnsalngtheayareleakingtnudburyandsquashre.lrdsteyne(stainisthesyblieaning)livesingaunthuse.ealthy,hnred,andbred,hefillshislifeithsensuuspleasure,butatuallyhisspiritualexisteneisepty,asgauntindiates.bekysharpisntnaedbya

24、ident;neitheraretheraleys,huseeveryeanstralupthesialandnetaryladder.()huratthertiesthakerayakesusefhurussituatinstaffethissatiripurpse.therearefunnyandausingsituatins,hihservetexpsesepretensinfaffetins,sehyprisyrsialvanity.frexaple,jsephsedleybaststhatheisalady2killerandtellsendlesstalesfhladieslveh

25、iandfllhi.buthenhispretensinsareexpsedheappearsinaridiuluslight.sirpittisastingy,dirty,disreputablebrhanptspell,desnptread,eatsbileduttn,andhasnthingbutneandleinthehuse.butitstandsinanrnatesilverandlestik,andthreeftenservethebiled2uttn.thesituatinisfunnyhenldsirpittprpsesarriagetbeky:“iaanldan,butag

26、dan.ipgdfrtentyyears.ipllakeyuhappy,seeifidnpt.yushalldhatyulike,spendhatyulike,andeverythinginyurnay.ipllakeyursettleent.iplldeverythingregular.lkdear!4,andtheldanfelldnnhiskneesandpeeredatherlikeasatyr.rebeastaredbakatapiturefnsternatin.sheeptsefthestgenuinetearsthateverfellfrhereyes:“h,sirpitt!sh

27、e4said,“h,sir,i2iparriedalready.bekypsrshipfneyisthusexpsed,andeareuhausedatthedispsurefldsirpitt,ldenughtbebekypsgrandfather.itshuldbentiedthattheauthrsexpsurefntepraryvanitiesandaffetatinsisgenerallyildandgentleandgd2natured,butasinallyheanalsbebitterandsavage.frexaple,thereissavageryandbitterness

28、intheayinhihheshsushthepepleinvanityfairfanupntherihandkikthepr.thusrs.sedleybjetstthearriagefbekyithhersn,frsheisaeregverness,andgergesbrnealsrksagainsther,frheuldntlikethaveaeregvernessashissister2in2la.allftheharatersfthenvel,eithertheselvesvedbyvanityrdestryedbythevanityfthersfrabrutal,sterile,a

29、hebakgrundfthisrld,thereareinsanityandvilene.therearevilentldenfuriusattheirsns,andfrlrnspinstersluthingathusbandsandlustingfrtherenpshildren.thesatireisftenharshandbrutal,butdespitetheasinalsavageryfthepiture,vanityfair,surprisinglyenugh,reainsagreatinvel.itabundsinharatersandsitu

30、atinsthatareinparableart,akingusaepteventherstintherldasinevitable,sad,funny,andvaluable,beauseitishuan.asneritibserves,“thakerayisgdatsatireandrealistidesriptinseanallhisnarrativeethdinvanityfairunique.vanityfairispresentedbysuarizednarrativeithutuhreursettheindsftheharaters.ifthereisanydubtasththe

31、readershuldjudgeanindividual,theauthrstepsinandakesapprpriateents.2frexaple,thesedleyslsetheirney,thehiefritiandeneyisldbrne,ithhsedleyhasstartedinbusiness.thakerayentsnthepsyhlgyfldsbrnepsattitude:“henneanhasbeenunderveryrearkablebligatinstanther,ithhhesubsequentlyquarrels,asnsensefdeeny,asitere,ak

32、esfthefrerauhseverereneythanaerestrangeruldbe.aperseutrisbundtshthatthefallenanisavillain.therisehe,theperseutr,isarethhiself.1thakeraypstehniquefstrytellingisftenpituresqueanddraati.thesustainednarrativeflisbrkenntinuallybyindividualirseriussenes,fullfdraaandveent.frexaple,thereisldsirpittpsprpsalt

33、beky;thentrastsfpartingsbeteenhusbandsandivesbefrethebattlefaterl;jssedleypsflightfrbrussels;theidnight“hurryandbustleatqueenpsraleyhenldsirpitthasastrke,andrsbuteraleyfindsisshrrks,thebutlerpsdaughter,dekedinher“guiltyribbns;thehleseriesfpituresattheendfpartyatgaunthuse,ulinatinginthenfrntatinfbeky

34、andlrdsteynebyradnraley5.apartfrtheselngdesriptinsfdraatiinterludes,theetinaldiseveryheresharpenedandfusedbyphysialdetails.thakeraydesntlingerverdeathbeds,likedikens,buthispathetituhesareallthereeffetivefrbeingglipsesnly.frexaple,aelia,futileanduseless,athinggergepaking,leaningagainsttheall,hldinghi

35、srisnsashtherbreastlikeastainfbld;gergepsunusedbedrinrussellsquare,ithitshipsandaps,abibleandapairfspursntheantelpiee,“adriedinkstandverediththedustftenyears;ladysteyne,bakinhappyeriesfhernventhildhd,eepingsilentlyasshelistenstbekysinging.inalltheseays,thakerayvariesandenlivenshisnarratin,andavidsnt

36、ny.varietyisfurtheripartedbyhissentenestruturethatrangesfraferdstahleparagraph.seties,thenvelistaddressesthereadersdiretly,andatthertieshisaddresstakesthefrfaquestin.setiesthenarratinisslandleisurely,andatthertiesitissiftandrapid.essayrnarratinalternatesithsintillating,ittydialgue,anddraatisenesandsituatins.iensevariety,inshrt,haraterizesthakeraypsnarrativetehnique.inadditin,vividness