年8月录屏8.13阅读

1、2022/8/242015GRE8月阅读6上校，微信：vcalive12032015-08-13上校GRE一个学术的GRE团队 微信资料平台：shangxiaogre2022/8/24短文章处理方式具体that 从句状语(方式、结果、原因)例子、破折号区分抽象(主题)、具体(细节)之间的关系抓住文章内部的“矛盾冲突”等对比关系。比如时间先后对比，难易对比，例如simple,complex详读主题，略读细节2022/8/24Passage 1 物理学：论舞蹈动作的物理特性分析Analyzing the physics of dance can add fundamentally to a dan

2、cers skill. Although 让步dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical termsas body mass moving through space under the influence of well-known forces and obeying physical lawsneither否定出现 can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap off

3、 the floor and then start turning, the law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement.Some movements involving primarily vertical or horizontal motions of the body as a whole, in which rotations can be ignored,条件 can be studied using simple equations of linear motion in

4、three dimensions. However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the forces that produce the rotational movement.2022/8/24Passage 1主题 观点的对比Ana

5、lyzing the physics of dance can add fundamentally to a dancers skill. Although dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical termsas body mass moving through space under the influence of well-known forces and obeying physical lawsneither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For exa

6、mple, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap off the floor and then start turning, the law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement.Some movements involving primarily vertical or horizontal motions of the body as a whole, in which rotations can be ignored,条件 can be

7、 studied using simple equations of linear motion in three dimensions. However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the forces that produce t

8、he rotational movement.2022/8/24Remember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)Analyzing the physics of dance can add .to a dancers skill. Although dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical terms.neither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For example,.Some movements .an be studied .However, rotati

9、onal motions require more complex approaches .1. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) initiate a debate over two approaches to analyzing a field of study(B) describe how one field of knowledge can be applied to another field(C) point out the contradictions between two distinct theories(D) def

10、ine and elaborate on an accepted scientific principle(E) discuss the application of a new theory within a new setting2022/8/24Remember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)Analyzing the physics of dance can add .to a dancers skill. Although dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical terms.neither can they afford

11、to ignore the physics of movement. For example,.Some movements .an be studied .However, rotational motions require more complex approaches .1. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) initiate a debate over two approaches to analyzing a field of study(B) describe how one field of knowledge can be

12、 applied to another field(C) point out the contradictions between two distinct theories(D) define and elaborate on an accepted scientific principle(E) discuss the application of a new theory within a new setting2022/8/24细节题，关键在定位。EXCEPT题考点必在文章并列处！ For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to l

13、eap off the floor and then start turning, the (A)law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement. (C)using simple equations of linear motion in three dimensions. that involve analyses of the way the(B) bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different

14、types of movement, and the (D)sources of the forces that produce the rotational movement.2. The author mentions all of the following as contributing to an understanding of the physics of dance EXCEPT:(A) the law of conservation of angular momentum(B) analyses of the way in which the bodys mass is di

15、stributed(C) equations of linear motion in three dimensions(D) analyses of the sources that produce rotational motions(E) the technical terms for movements such as leaps and turns2022/8/24细节题，关键在定位。EXCEPT题考点必在文章并列处！ For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap off the floor and then start

16、 turning, the (A)law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement. (C)using simple equations of linear motion in three dimensions. that involve analyses of the way the(B) bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the (D)so

17、urces of the forces that produce the rotational movement.2. The author mentions all of the following as contributing to an understanding of the physics of dance EXCEPT:(A) the law of conservation of angular momentum(B) analyses of the way in which the bodys mass is distributed(C) equations of linear

18、 motion in three dimensions(D) analyses of the sources that produce rotational motions(E) the technical terms for movements such as leaps and turns2022/8/24Passage 1 物理学：论舞蹈动作的物理特性分析 neither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap of

19、f the floor and then start turning, the law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement.However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement

20、, and the sources of the forces that produce the rotational movement.3. The author implies that dancers can e more skilled by doing which of the following?(A) Ignoring rotational movements(B) Understanding the forces that permit various movements(C) Solving simple linear equations(D) Learning the te

21、chnical terms utilized by choreographers(E) Circumventing the law of conservation of angular momentum2022/8/24Passage 1 物理学：论舞蹈动作的物理特性分析 neither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement. For example, no matter how much a dancer wishes to leap off the floor and then start turning, the law of

22、 conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement.However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the forces that produce t

23、he rotational movement.3. The author implies that dancers can e more skilled by doing which of the following?(A) Ignoring rotational movements(B) Understanding the forces that permit various movements(C) Solving simple linear equations(D) Learning the technical terms utilized by choreographers(E) Ci

24、rcumventing the law of conservation of angular momentum2022/8/24文中的对比点，经常是必考点！However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the forces that p

25、roduce the rotational movement.4. Analysis of which of the following would require the kind of complex approach described in lines 14-19?(A) A long leap across space(B) A short jump upward with a return to the same place(C) A sustained and controlled turn in place(D) Short, rapid steps forward and t

26、hen backward without turning(E) Quick sidesteps in a diagonal line2022/8/24文中的对比点，经常是必考点！However, rotational motions require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the bodys mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the fo

27、rces that produce the rotational movement.4. Analysis of which of the following would require the kind of complex approach described in lines 14-19?(A) A long leap across space(B) A short jump upward with a return to the same place(C) A sustained and controlled turn in place(D) Short, rapid steps fo

28、rward and then backward without turning(E) Quick sidesteps in a diagonal line韦氏大学字典的解析：rotational ：one complete turn备考过程中，不经常查韦氏大学字典，纯陪考！ 2022/8/24Passage 3环境科学：第1段介绍减少城市污染一一控制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles

29、, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing .Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits

30、. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissionsshort of a massive shift away from the private automobileis to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum g

31、as, ethanol, or methanol.【思考】1，第一段：告诉我们有一个什么problem？唯一有效的方法是？2，第一段提到后面的such as compressed . ethanol, or methanol.我们该如何处理？3，第一段提到一个因果逻辑，你是否看到了？2022/8/24Passage 3环境科学：第2段介绍减少城市污染一一控制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of g

32、asoline. These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of

33、reactions. These reactions increase the probability of plete combustion and are more likely to release busted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compressed natural gas would require that vehicles have a set of

34、 heavy fuel tanks a serious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiencyand liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.【思考】：1：第二段首先提到的比较，是什么和什么的比较？2：第二句以及后面的：These molecules ，The combustion，alternative fuels 分别具体表示文章前面什么？3: 文章的第二段结构是什么？2022/8/24Passage 3环境科学：第3、4段介绍减少城市污染一一控

35、制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-based alternative fuels: they have a higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly used as a gasoline su

36、pplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. 后面一句和前面神马关系？Methanols most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.【

37、思考】：这一段首句讲了一个比较，什么和什么比较？Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is based on the use of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the use of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given

38、 volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diesel fuel do; other things being equal, the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fu

39、eled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lessening of urban air pollution.【最后一句告诉我们文章中第一段的problem如何解决？】2022/8/24介绍减少城市污染一一控制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法1. T

40、he author of the passage is primarily concerned with(A) countering a flawed argument that dismisses a possible solution to a problem(B) reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem(C) identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem(D) discussing a problem and a

41、rguing in favor of one solution to it(E) outlining a plan of action to solve a problem and discussing the obstacles blocking that plan2022/8/24Remember：主题题要去掉细节，抓主干(主题)Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such veh

42、icles has been steadily increasing .Consequently, more than 100 cities still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozonethat exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions is to replac

43、e conventional diesel fuel All of these alternatives are carbon-based fuels whose molecules are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. 1. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with (D) discussing a problem and arguing in favor o

44、f one solution to it2022/8/24介绍减少城市污染一一控制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法2. According to the passage, plete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel because(A) the combustion of gasoline releases photochemically active hydrocarbons(B) the combustion of gasoline involves an intr

45、icate series of reactions(C) gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure(D) gasoline is composed of small molecules.(E) gasoline is a carbon-based fuel2022/8/24因果逻辑-常考 These molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part because they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydr

46、ocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex series of reactions. 2. According to the passage, plete combustion is more likely to occur with gasoline than with an alternative fuel because

47、 (B) the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate series of reactions2022/8/24介绍减少城市污染一一控制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法3. The passage suggests which of the following about air pollution?(A) Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not help lower urban air-pollution levels.(B) A

48、ttempts to reduce the pollutants that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle emits have been largely unsuccessful.(C) Few serious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles.(D) Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical

49、 source of urban air pollution.(E) Reductions in pollutants emitted by individual vehicles have been offset by increases in pollution from sources other than gasoline-fueled vehicles.2022/8/24首句，因果逻辑-考点 Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual mot

50、or vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing .Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally establi

51、shed limits. 3. The passage suggests which of the following about air pollution?(A) Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not help lower urban air-pollution levels.2022/8/24介绍减少城市污染一一控制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法4. which of the following most closely parallels the situation de

52、scribed in the first sentence of the passage?(A) Although a town reduces its public services in order to avoid a tax increase, the towns tax rate exceeds that of other towns in the surrounding area.(B) Although a state passes strict laws to limit the type of toxic material that can be disposed of in

53、 public landfills, illegal dumping continues to increase.(C) Although a towns citizens reduce their individual use of water, the towns water supplies continue to dwindle because of a steady increase in the totalpopulation of the town.(D) Although a country attempts to increase the sale of domestic g

54、oods by adding a tax to the price of imported goods, the sale of imported goods within the country continues to increase.(E) Although a country reduces the speed limit on its national highways, the number of fatalities caused by automobile accidents continues to increase.2022/8/24平行、类似-比较逻辑-考点 Altho

55、ugh, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing .Consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by

56、 photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. 4. which of the following most closely parallels the situation described in the first sentence of the passage? (C) Although a towns citizens reduce their individual use of water, the towns water

57、supplies continue to dwindle because of a steady increase in the total population of the town.2022/8/24介绍减少城市污染一一控制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法5. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature of methanol?(A) It is substantially less expensive than ethanol.(B) It could be provided to

58、consumers through the existing motor fuel distribution system.(C) It has a higher energy content than other alternative fuels.(D) Its use would make design improvements in individual vehicles feasible.(E) Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels.2022/8/24文中的比较，最高级，经常是考点！Methanols most attract

59、ive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most serious urban air pollutant.5. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature of methanol? (E) Its use would substantially reduce ozone levels.2022/8/24介绍减少城市污染一

60、一控制机动车辆排污的一种比较有效的方法6. It can be inferred from the passage that a vehicle specifically designed to use methanol for fuel would(A) be somewhat lighter in total body weight than a conventional vehicle fueled with gasoline(B) be more expensive to operate than a conventional vehicle fueled with gasoline(