外研版初中英语八年级下册各模块知识要点

1、Module1Hobbies复习要点一、重点词组tidyup收拾，takeup占用（时间或空间）；abit+adj./abitof+n.点儿（区别于alittle+adj./n.）；acollectionofstamps/collectstamps集邮；playtheviolin/thepiano/thedrum/theflute拉小提琴/弹钢琴/打鼓/吹笛子；playfootball/tennis/volleyball踢足球/打网球/打排球；listentomusic听音乐；allthetime一直,总是；be/show/becomeinterestedinsth.对感兴趣/显示出/变得感兴

2、趣；nexttime下一次;attheendof在末尾；needtodosth.需要做某事；startdoingsth./todosth.开始做某事；howoften多久一次（询问频率）；growvegetables种菜；lookafter照顾,照看；suchas=forexample例如；growasaperson成长；developonesinteres发展兴趣；comeout出版;出现;结果是；asaresult结果；likedoingsth./todosth.喜欢做某事；inthefuture在将来；trytodosth./trydoingsth.尽力做某事/尝试做某事；inonesf

3、ree/sparetim在某人业余时间；bringsb.greatsuccess给某人带来成功（注意词性success成功n.successful成功的adj.successfully成功地adv.succeed（indoingsth.）成功v.；bepopularwith在-中受欢迎；writetosb.给某人写信；allovertheworld遍及全世界；thinkabout考虑某事；findout（about）查明有关某事;dressin穿着衣服；inthepast在过去；notonlybutalso不仅而且三、重点知识点make+sb./sth.+adj.使怎么样e.g.Thenews

4、madehersad.使役动词make/let/havesb.dosth.使某人做某事e.g.Hobbiescanmakeyougrowasaperson.Thejokemadeuslaugh.感官动词hear/listento/see/watch/feelsb.do/doingsth.（其中do强调动作的全过程，而doing强调动作正在发生。）e.g.Iheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.Ioftenlistentohimplaytheviolin.Haveyouseenthebookfalloffthedesk?Isawsomeboysplayingfootb

5、allovertherejustnow.Therobotwatchestheprofessoreatandsleepeveryday.Ifeltmyheartbreak.双宾语give/bring/lend/hand/send/show/leave/teach/passsbsth=give/bring/lend/hand/send/show/leave/teach/passsthtosbe.g.Passmethesugar,please.=Passthesugartome,please.buy/cook/readsb.sth.=buy/cook/readsth.forsb.e.g.Myfath

6、erboughtmeanewbikeasmybirthdaypresent.=Myfatherboughtanewbikeformeasmybirthdaypresent.helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事e.g.Tomoftenhelpshisclassmatescleantheclassroom.Mybrotheroftenhelpsmewithmymath.spend时间或钱）on+名词spend.时间或钱）（in）doingsth.e.g.Davidspentfourweeksonasummercamp.Ispentfivedollarsonthe

7、book.ShallwespendsometimeplayingtennisonSaturday?Weusuallyspendonehourdoingmyhomework.辨析四个花费”spend,cost,take,payspend主语是人，花费的对象可以为时间，也可以为钱，多用于spend时间或钱）on+名词/spend时间或钱）（in）doingsth.这两个结构中。e.g.Ispentfivedollarsonthebook.cost主语是物，花费的对象只能是钱。e.g.Thebookcostmefivedollars.（注意这里的cost是其过去式）take的花费对象多为时间，偶而为

8、钱，e.g.Thejourneybycarwilltakehalfanhour.另外，take多用于下面的结构中：Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometimetodosth.花费某人一些时间做某事。e.g.Ittookmetwohourstofinishmyhomeworklastnight.Itwilltaketheworkersoneyeartobuildthisbridge.pay主语是人，花费的对象为钱，多用于下面的结构中：pay（sb.）（somemoney）（forsth.）e.g.Ipaidhim20,000dollarsforthehouse.aswella

9、sWeallwanttovisitBeijingaswellasShanghai.Heaswellashisfriendsiscomingtoseeme.（这里注意aswellas在句中做状语，不是主语成分，所以谓语动词要看前面的主语中心词。）asksb.（not）todosth./tellsb.（not）todosth.e.g.Theteacherasksustobequietinclass.Myparentstoldmenottogooutatnight.Whatdoyouthinkof?/Howdoyoulike?e.g.WhatdoyouthinkoftheGreatWall?Howd

10、oyoulikeChinesefood?Whynotdosth?=Whydontyoudosth?e.g.Whynotgototheconcert?=Whydontyougototheconcert?三、语法句子:简单句并列句：由并列连词and,but,or等连接两个简单句，两个句子是并列关系。复合句：由if,when,while,because,although等引导从句，两个句子有主句与从句之分。简单句的六种基本句型主语+系动词+表语（+状语）Thesebooksaregreat.Helooksworried.主语+谓语（不及物动词vi）（+状语）Thefirstbookcameoutin

11、2003.Wedidntgotothecinemayesterday.主语+谓语（及物动词vt）+宾语（+状语）Iboughtaverygoodbookyesterday.Everymorningmymotherpreparesbreakfastforme.主语+谓语（及物动词vt）+间接宾语+直接宾语（+状语）Hishobbyhasbroughthimenjoyment.Lastweek,myauntsentmeaboxofchocolate.主语+谓语（及物动词vt）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语）Wecanhelpyoudevelopnewskills.Thenewsmadeeveryone

12、happy.therebe+主语+状语Therearemanystorybooksinhisschoolbag.Module2Friendship复习要点重点词组holdtheline(=holdon)稍等，别挂断；callback打(电话)回来；rightnow现在；takeamessage捎个信儿；leaveamessage留个信儿；whether.ornot是否；infact事实上acoupleof.几个，若干；inaweek一周后(用于将来时)；missonesclosefriends想念某人的好朋友；bedifferentfrom.(反义：thesameas.)与.不同(反义：与.相

13、同)makefriendswithsb.与.交朋友；goodluckwith.祝.好运；bringsb.foravisittosomeplace带某人来某地参观；waitforsb.(todosth.)等待某人做某事；invitesb.todosth./invitesb.tosomeplace邀请某人去做某事/去某地；talkwith/tosbaboutsth.和某人谈论某事；bytheway顺便说一下；feelhappy/unhappy/better感觉快乐/不快乐/更好；takeplace发生；far(away)fromsomeplace离某地远；beafraidtodosth./beaf

14、raidofsth./doingsth.害怕做某事；everytime+时间状语从句每次；want(sb.)todosth.想让某人做某事；worryabout.担心.；sitatthedesk/workatthecomputer坐在桌旁/在电脑前工作；asusual像往常一样；atthatmoment在那时；entertheroom(注意enter是及物动词，后不加介词。)进入房间；turnback转过身；daybyday一天天地；becloseto.离.近；smileatsb.对.微笑；laughatsb.嘲笑某人；Itdoesntmatter(that).没关系；not.anymore/

15、not.anylonger不再；giveadvice/takeadvice提出建议/接受建议；lookfor.寻找.；intown/inthecountry在城镇/在乡村二、重要知识点*Whatdoesitfeellike?用来询问对方对某件事的看法。e.g.WhatdoesitfeelliketobeatschoolinAmerica?在美国上学感觉如何？类似的表达还有Whatdoyouthinkof.?/Howdoyoulike.?*辨析sometime,sometime,sometimes,sometimessometime某个时候，表示时间点，多用于将来。Ibelievethatmyd

16、reamwillcometruesometimeinthefuture.sometime一段时间，表示时间段，多用于现在完成时。Hehasbeenhereforsometime.sometimes有时，表频率，多用于一般现在时。Itssometimeshotandsometimescold.sometimes若干次/若干倍IhavebeentoSydneysometimes.*辨析lonely与aloneIonely是adj.表示”孤独的”，是内心的感受，而alone可做adj.或adv.,表示”独自一人地”，是现实的状况。e.g.Shefeltlonelybecauseshehadnofri

17、endshere.她因为在这儿没有朋友而感到很孤独。Theoldwomanlivesalonebecauseherdaughterisabroad.Butsheisnotlonelybecauseweoftengotoseeher.这位老奶奶一个人独自居住，因为她的女儿在国外，但她并不孤独，因为我们经常去看望她。*辨析other,theother,others,theothers区分这四个词，只需注意以下两点：没有the表示”别的，其余的”；有the强调其余所有的”若other后没有s则后面往往还有名词(单数情况除外)，若other后有s则后面不加名词。另外，another与这四组词都不相同，

18、它表示又一个，再一个，所指事物没有范围，而上面那四组词则都是将事物分成了两大部分。e.g.EnglishisspokennotonlyintheUKandtheUSA,butalsoinmanyothercountries.(这里不强调除英美外，其余所有的国家都说英语，所以不加the，另外，后面有countries，所以other不加s。)Theoldladyhasfoursons.OneisinCanada,theothersareinAmerica.(这里强调除一个在加拿大外，其余所有的都在美国，所以加the，另外，other后面没有名词，所以加s。)Wouldyoulikeanother

19、cupoftea?(这里指再来一杯，没有范围。)当adj.修饰不定代词(something,anything,nothing,everything)时，adj.要后置。e.g.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Hehasnothingnewtosay.辨析surprising与surprisedsurprising意为令人惊讶的，修饰物或事；而surprised意为吃惊的，修饰人。e.g.Thenewsissurprising.Imsurprisedatthenews.类似的单词还有exciting(excited),tiring(tired),pleasing

20、(pleased),amazing(amazed)等。掌握一些固定电话用语：IsChenHuanthere?请问陈欢在吗?IsthatChenHuan(speaking)?您是陈欢吗?MayIspeaktoJack,please?杰克在吗?Illcallbacklater.我一会儿再打。ThisisSally(speaking).我是Sally。Whoscalling,please?请问您是那位？Holdtheline,please.稍等，别挂断。Sorry.Heisnthererightnow.对不起，他现在不在。CanItakeamessage?/Canyouleaveamessage?我

21、能捎个信儿吗？/您能留个信儿吗？Imafraidyouhavethewrongnumber.恐怕您打错了。四、语法ObjectiveClause宾语从句宾语从句可根据引导词分为三大类：当从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that可省略，语序不变。Treesimprovetheair.Bettythinks(that)treesimprovetheair.Itwillsnowthiswinter.Ihope(that)itwillsnowthiswinter.Thereisagoodfilmtonight.Jacksaid(that)therewasagoodfilmonthatnight当从句是

22、一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导(若句尾有ornot,则用whether，语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。*WilltheyplanttreesonSunday?HedoesntknowwhethertheywillplanttreesonSundayornot.*Haveyouseenhimbefore?IcantrememberifIhaveseenhimbefore.*Wasshelateforclassthismorning?Heasksifshewaslateforclassthismorning.*Didshestudyhard?Ididntknowwhethersh

23、estudiedhardornot.3当从句是特殊疑问句时，用原来的特殊疑问词引导，语序由原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。*Howcanwehelpprotecttheenvironment?Heaskshowwecanhelpprotecttheenvironment.*Whydotheylikecomputergamessomuch?Icantunderstandwhytheylikecomputergamessomuch.*Whenwillweholdthesportsmeeting?Doyouknowwhenwewillholdthesportsmeeting?*Wheredidthe

24、accidenthappen?Tomaskedmewheretheaccidenthappened.掌握宾语从句，尤其要注意以下三个方面：1引导词2语序3时态：若主句是现在范畴的时态，从句用任何时态均可。若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去范畴的时态。Exercises(练习)：Yourfatherisadoctor.(Iknow)Whatshegoingtodo?(Hedoesntknow)Shouldshegototheparty?(Shecantdecide)Whendidhelastseehisoldfriends?(Hecantremember)DoyoulikelivinginChi

25、na?(CanIaskyou)Whatdoessheusuallydo?(Tomasked)WheredidMikestudytwoyearsago?(Doyouknow)Doyoudoyourhomeworkintheevening?(Couldyoutellme)2.Dontmentionit.在口语中回答别人感谢时常用，意思是不客气，不用谢”，如:9）Whatdoeshedoatweekends?（Iwonder）10）Howdothingswork?（ThomasEdisonlikedtofindout）Module3知识与语法要点重点词组:takesb.around=showsb.a

26、round带某人四处参观2.mentionsb./sth.（tosb.）（向某人）提及某人/事3.lookoutfor小心4.stoptodosth.停止去做某事（不是同一件事）stopdoingsth.停止做某事（停下手头上正在做的事情）5.needsth.需要某物needtodo需要做某事needdoingsth.需要被（表被动）6.enjoydoingsth.享受做某事7.keepsb./sth.adj.使某人/某事保持keepdoingsth.使持续做某事8.maybeadv.也许maybe情态动词+be也许是”9.join参加/加入（组织、团体、党、团）takepartin参加（聚会

27、、活动）10.preparefor=getreadyfor准备11.hatesb./sth.讨厌某人/事hatedoingsth.讨厌做某事（长时间的，习惯性的）hatetodo讨厌做某事（短暂性的）12.loseoneway=getlost/belost迷路；丢失13.start/begintodo=start/begindoing开始做某事14.lookdown向下看lookdownatsb.向下看某人15.explainsth.（tosb.）（向某人）解释某事explain+从句解释16.voice嗓音（人说话、唱歌等声音）sound指人听到的任何声音（声音的统称）noise噪音，杂音1

28、7.seemtobe似乎是seemtodo似乎做Itseemsthat+从句似乎/好像18.inperson亲自19.askfor请求20.learnabout=hearabout/of听说learntodosth.学习做某事learnfromsb.向某人学习21.play/haveajokeonsb.开某人的玩笑22.lookoutof从望出去/向外看ewithsb.=followsb.跟着某人走24.doasoundcheck做一个声音测试25.begin/endwith以开始/结束26.closedown（电台）停止播音27.infrontof在前面（外部）inthefrontof在（范

29、围内的）前面（内部）知识辅导WedliketothankyoufortakingusaroundRadioBeijing.（Unit1,P18）（1）wouldliketodosth.愿意做某事”如:Iwouldliketospeakafewwords.我想讲几句话wouldlikesth.愿意要某东西”，如:dlikeanWouldyoulikeacupoftea?（3）thankyoufordoingsth.因为而感谢你女口:Thankyouforyourhelp感谢你帮忙Thankyouforhelpingme.-Thankyouforyourhelp.-Dontmentionit.No

30、w,Iwanttoansweryourquestions,butremembertolookoutfortheredlight.lookoutfor意思相当于payattentionto,照料，当心如：Lookoutforyourlittlesisterwhileyoureatthestation.look看”，表示动作see看见，了解，领会”表示结果，如：Helookedbutsawnothing.他看了，但什么也没看见。Oh,Isee.哦，我明白了。由look组成的常见短语：lookout向外望，注意，当心”，如：Lookout!”Somebodyshouted.looklike看起来象”

31、如:Shelookslikehermother.lookfor寻找”如:Sheislookingforhisnewtextbook.lookat看”如:Lookattheblackboard,please.Wedecidewhattolistentoandwhotosee.(Unit1,P18)decide可用于结构：decidetodosth.决定做某事”，如:Hedecidedtogohimself.他决定亲自去。decidesth.决定某事”，如:Thejudgedecidedthecase.法官判决了这个案件。decide+that从句决定”，如:Shehasdecidedthatsh

32、ewillbeadoctor.她已决定将来当个医生。注意做动词的宾语的特殊疑问词+动词不定式结构，如:Idontknowwhattodo.Me,too!常用于口语中，表示自己的情形和对方所提及的一样，意思是我也这样”女口:-SallyhasbeentoAmerica.-Me,too!SomesportsnewsabouttheEnglandandChinafootballmatch.(Unit1,P18)news是不可数名词，一条新闻不能说anews,而要说apieceofnewsnews拓展的单词：newsreader新闻播报员newsboy报童，送报人”newsman卖报人，送报人；新闻记

33、者”news-writer新闻记者”注意一条谚语:Nonews,goodnews.(=Nonewsisgoodnews.)没有消息，就是好消息。Wewonthematch!(Unit1,P18)win赢了比赛，不能用于赢了某人.Andyouwantajobinradio?(Unit2,P20)陈述句用升调读就变成了问句，这种问句称为陈述问句，如:Thetrainisinalready?9.Shouldntyoubeatschool?(Unit2,P20)这是一个否定问句，带有惊讶情绪，这种问句还可以表示责难和赞赏，如：-Whyareyoudrivingsofast?Dontyouknowthe

34、trafficregulations?-Arenttheseflowersbeautiful?10.WhenIwasaboutfourorfiveyearsold,Iremembersittingclosetotheradiointhelivingroom,listeningtomyfavouriteprogrammes,andtothevoicesofmyfavouritepresenters.(Unit2,P20)在我四五岁的时候，我记得自己坐在客厅里的收音机旁，听我喜欢的节目和喜欢的播音员的声音.rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事”;remembertodosth.记着去做某

35、事”，女口:Irememberseeingheronce.我记得曾见过她一次。Remembertoclosethedoorwhenyouleave.你离开时记得关上门.sittingclosetotheradiointhelivingroom,listeningtomyfavouriteprogrammes,andtothevoicesofmyfavouritepresenters.在句中做状语，表示伴随情况.myfavouriteprogrammes,禾口thevoicesofmyfavouritepresenters.并歹U作listeningto的宾语，and后面省略了listening

36、.close在这里是形容词，意思是离得近，距离短”，如:Thetablewasclosetothewall.它还有关上的意思，如：Closethedoor,please.11.Itseemedthattheywerespeakingtomeinperson.(Unit2,P20)Itseemedthat表示看起来似乎”的意思，如:Itseemedthathehadnomoneywithhim.inperson亲自”,如:HewenttoBeijingtoreceivetheawardinperson.12.Onceaweek,Iplayedmyfavouritemusicfrommyfathe

37、rscomputertothelistentalkedaboutlifeatschool,andthencloseddownanddidmyhomework.(Unit2,P20)(1)Onceaweek一周一次”如:Onceaweek,Igotothecinemawithmyfather.closedown关闭，停止”的意思,女口:Thesmallshoponthecornerhascloseddown.Mosttelevisionandradiostationsclosedownat12:00pm.13.0nedayIlearntaboutInternetradio.(Unit2,P20)

38、learnabout听说的意思,女口:Ilearnaboutthestoryofthetownfrommygrandpa.14.Justtellmewhatyouhadforbreakfast.(Unit2,P20)本句是祈使句，还要注意宾语此句whatyouhadforbreakfast,是疑问词+陈述句语序Takebackwhatyousaid,orIwillbeangry.语法:to+v.与v.-ing作宾语本模块主要介绍to+v.与v.-ing作动词宾语的情况.平时要注意积累和总结.跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：wanttodosth.需要做某事。例如：Hewantstobeanarti

39、stwhenhegrowsup.wouldliketodosth.愿意做某事。例如：Iwouldliketoeatanapple.hopetodosth.希望自己做某事。例如：Wehopetogettherebeforedark.wishtodosth.希望做某事。例如：Iwishtogotothemoon.plantodosth.计划做某事。例如：Iplantogotocollege.needtodosth.需要做某事。例如：Ineedtowashmycoat.decidetodosth.决定做某事。例如：Idecidetocleantheflooragain.forgettodosth.忘记做某事(尚未做)Dontforgettoclosethedoor.remembertodosth.记着去做某事(尚未做)=Dontforgettodosth.Remembertowashmycoat.trytodosth.努力做某事。例如：Hetriedtoliftthetab