北师大版高中英语必修二第9讲：Unit6Design-语法篇(学生版)

1、4. with第 页/共12页第 1页 /共 12页Unit 6 Design 语法篇1 、介词的种类及常用介词。2、常见介词短语及易混淆介词的用法辨析。介词和介词短语介词(preposition)又叫前置词，通常至于名词之前。它是一种虚词，不需要重读，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。介词的用法比较灵活，搭配比较复杂。近几年高考常考介词的词义辨析，介词与名词的搭配，介词与动词的搭配及习惯表达中的介词。一，介词的种类英语中最常用的介词可分为以下几类：简单介词。如：through ， towards ， at， in ， of ， by， abo

2、ut， for， from ， except， since， near， with ， above， across， after ， against， among， around 等。复合介词。如：within, inside, outside, onto, into, throughout, without, as to 等。介词短语。如：in front of ， by means of， on behalf of ， in spite of ， by way of ， in favor of ， in regard to ， according to ，because of， on ac

3、count of 等。双重介词。如：from among ， from inside ， from behind ， from under ， till after 等。由分词变来的介词。如：including ，considering ，concerning，following 等。二，常用介词at主要表示方向，场所，时间的某一点。如： at the corner of the street，at dinner ， at six miles an hour ， point at 等。表示动作，感情的原因，意思是“因 而；一听到（看到，想到） 就”。At the boy s re，markth

4、e bookseller looked at him curiously. 听到男孩的话，卖书人好奇的看着他。固定搭配： at daybreak， at one time ， at the beginning of ， at the post office ， at the airport ， at dawn ， at the weekend， at the age of， at the same time， at birth ， at present ， at any time ， at a time 等。on表示在上面，根据，有关或涉及的方面，某天。on the day， on Sunda

5、y， on your birthday 等。一般带有宗教色彩的节日名词前面用at,如圣诞节at Christmas,复活节at Easter等。on+名词，动名词结构可表示一 就。On arriving home ， I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。固定搭配： on doing sth. ， on the afternoon of October 1 ， on Tuesday evening， on foot ， hit sb. on the head， on the left/right 等。to主要表示方向，程度，结果，关系和位置。a

6、move to the left ， from first to last 等。与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”。to one s surprise/joy/astonishment/delight/annoyance/sharme。固定搭配：key to : come up to, add up to, be open to, to the point, thanks to, suit to ； refer to , dance to ， object to 等。第 页/共12页a man with a suitcase.和，带有。 with their family ,表示方式

7、， 伴随， 原因等。 with time passing, with her eyes closed, with fear固定搭配：with your nose in the air ， with pride 等。by表示时间，程度，数量，方式等。by ten o c，lockby three inches， by ship ， by the pound表示“按照 ”或“根据”的意思。By my watch ， the time is half past eleven. 按我的表，现在是十一点半。固定搭配： by oneself， by chance， by hand ， by then 等。

8、of表示部分与全体的关系，所有关系，来源和所用的材料。a friend of mine ， a wall of stone与抽象名词连用， 表示的意义相当于对应的形容词。 of + great/much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词； of + no + 抽象名词 = not+ 形容词。 a great of， of no use 等。It is of great/much value. = It is very valuable.固定搭配： rob sb. of sth. ， be fond of ， make fun of 等。三，介词短语介词短语的构成介词+名词/代词，如：Th

9、e headmaster lives near the school. 校长住在学校附近。介词+动名词短语或其复合结构，如：He is interested in swimming. 他对游泳感兴趣。介词+从句，如：We are discussing about how to study English well. 我们在讨论怎样学好英语。介词短语在句中的成分作主语/表语/ 宾语，如：The dog came out from behind the tree. 狗从树后出来。作定语/补语/状语，如：She is a woman of strong character. 她是位性格坚强的女人。四

10、，易混介词的用法辨析on, at与in的区别三个介词如果指时间概念， on 可以用在具体的某一天的前面， at 用在具体的时刻前面， in 用在时间段的前面。besides与 except 的区另Ubesides表示“除外（还有）；except表示“（只有）除外“；except for 除了”,表示排除的部分 与前面内容是不同类别的。 except that 后跟从句。We enjoyed the party for the loud music.除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在聚会上玩的很开心。 There are three more visitors besides me. 除了我之外，还有三位

11、游客。in ， to 与 on 的区别表示在某范围之内用 in ，表示在某范围之外用 to ，表示“相邻，接壤”时用 on.across， through ， past， over 与 along 的区别across指从一个平面上“横穿”或“在 对面”。through 指从人群或物体内部穿过，或抽象意义上的通过。past表示“从旁边经过”。over 指从物体的上方“横越”或“跨越” 。along 表示“沿着”线，道路，小道等前行。for 与 of 表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. = Sb. + be + adj. + to do s

12、th.当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质， 特征时， 用 of。 常见的形容词有： kind ， good ， nice， clever ， 第 4页 /共 12页第 页/共12页13. in need of 需要第 页/共12页stupid ， foolish ，considerate，polite ， impolite ， cruel 等。It s kind of the teachers to help support the poor student助那些贫困生的老师们真善良。It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.当形容词说明不定式的性质时， 用 for 。

13、常见的形容词有： important ， necessary， possible， impossible 等。It is quite important for us to protect our environment. 对我们来说，保护环境很重要。，about，on， of 关于on 多用于慎重的，正式的语言交际场合。常见于学术上的“论文”或“演说”等题目。about 表示内容多为普遍的，不那么正式的。of 作“关于” 讲， 表示提及， 涉及某人 （事） ， 常与动词 know ， hear， learn， speak， talk ， think ， tell 等连用。五，常见介词短语ac

14、cording to 根据，按照as a result of由于，作为 的结果as far as就 而论at the mercy of任由摆布at the sight of 看到by means of 用，依靠，借助于by way of 途径because of 因为，由于due to 由于in addition to 除了 之外（还）in case of 如果，假设in celebration of 为庆祝in search of 寻求，试图发现in place of 代替in charge of 主管，掌管in spite of 尽管in time of在时刻in a state of处于

15、状况中in favor of 赞同in honor of向表示敬意instead of 代替in memory of 为纪念 in relation to 关于，涉及on account of 因为，由于owing to 因为thanks to 多亏under the name of 以的名义under the control of 在的支配下within the reach of在力所能及的范围内例 1. It was a real race time to get project done. Luckily ， we made it.overbyforagainst例 2. I have

16、an appointment Dr. Smith ， but I need to change it.A. tooffwithfrom例 3. You can change your job ， you can move house， but friendship is meant to be life.ofontofor例 4. Nothing is so easy as parent to raise their exception of their children too high.oftobyfor例 5. （ 2019 北京朝阳高三二模） It was cold outside b

17、ut the door wouldn t stay shut， so I put a chair it.againstabovebehindnear基础演练一，介词填空。He asked me whether the story was based a real person.The Beckhams travelled China last year.These modern cars are used all the world. Where are good potatoes grown? Good potatoes are grown North China. What s this

18、bottle made ? It s made China ， China started to be made in China.We are busy preparing the exam.A new bridge was built the river.He came into the classroom a book his hand.There is a lamp the desk.Autumn is the best season the tear in Beijing.巩固提高一， 单句改错。The river flows across London.She lives to h

19、er parents.I sat down in John and Diana.Taiwan is on the east of Fujian.My father began to work for a bus driver when he was twenty years old.一， 选词填空。My brother often thought of his friends who had helped him (on/since/through) the tough time.第 页/共12页3. 她翻过墙去。第 页/共12页(As/Since/With) sales of cars up

20、 by 30 last year，the traffic in Beijing has becomeincreasingly terrible. I m going to have lunch. Do you mind talking about your plan (after/before/over)lunch? Not at all ， I ll wait here in the office.She often smokes with no thought (for/to/at) other people around her.She looked (for/at/in) her ha

21、ndbag ， but her keys were not here.One doesn t have to look far to realize the direct connection (with/to/between) smokingand cancer.John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School (on/with/at) the beginning ofThe Smiths are praised (from/by/at/for) the way they bring up their children.The Bos

22、ton Marathon bombings killed 3 people ， including a Chinese citizen (in ， from ，across，to) Shenyang.March.二，用 in， on， at 填空。He got married the age of 25.He left here the afternoon on May 5.We watch TV the evening.三，用across，over ， through 填空。过马路时要左右看。Look k left and right before you go the street.他穿过

23、大厅。He passed the hall.She climbed the wall.一，单项选择。Bruce had failed twice ， but on second thought ， he determined to try third time.A. /， aB. / ， /C. the ， /D. the ， aTom stepped inside the door with his eyes upon Kate ； there was in his eyes that shecouldnot read and his hands .fixed ， an expression

24、， trembledfixed ， expression， tremblingfixing ， an expression， tremblingfixing ， expression ， trembled TOC o 1-5 h z He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It s just a matter of .A. luckB. valueC. timeD. factAn agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee

25、members are it.A. againstB. forC. toD. withHe forbade his children from eating sweets because he didn t want their teeth to .A. ruinB. be ruinedC. breakD. be brokenThe of this new technology is to make life easier ， not to make it more difficult.A. titleB. purposeC. systemD. featureSorry ， I don t u

26、nderstand what you said just now. Can you explain ?A. in particularB. in detailC. in returnD. in generalThe lecture ， at 7:00 pm last night ， was followed by an observation of the moon withtelescopes.A. startingDuring his lifetime ，A. connecting ， to inSusan wanted to be movedback home.A. livingB. to liveA. damagedB. destroyed（北京西城高三第一学期期末）A. onB