国际贸易实务 自考 价格条件及作价

1、4章 价格条件及作价 国际贸易价格术语案例：吴先生在商场购买彩电，29吋彩电的标价是“1888元，送货上门”解读“送货上门”：商场负责安排市内运输的车辆责任商场承担彩电上门以前的风险风险商场支付市内运费费用“送货上门”是针对“1888元”这项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的划分8/25/202214.1 价格条件及价格术语 价格条件：针对某项价格，对买卖双方所承担的责任、风险、费用的界限划分Free on Board， 送货上船(船上交货）：这是国际贸易中最早出现的价格条件为了减少字数，节省电报费用， Free on Board演变成价格术语FOB价格术语：针对某项价格，对买卖双方所

2、承担的责任、风险、费用的界限划分的专门用语（英文缩写）8/25/20222FOB在早期使用时，各国没有统一的定义和解释，容易导致纠纷。为了避免纠纷，国际组织用书面形式制定对价格术语的定义和解释。 价格条件 减少字数 价格术语 统一定义 国际贸易惯例8/25/20223国际贸易惯例广义的国际贸易惯例：国际贸易的习惯做法狭义的国际贸易惯例：国际组织或商业团体用书面形式为国际贸易术语和习惯做法所制定的定义、解释和规则 国际贸易惯例的约束力：不是法律，对买卖双方不具备强制作用，其约束力体现在：如果当事人明确采用某项惯例，该惯例就对当事人产生约束力 如果当事人明确排除某项惯例，该惯例就对当事人没有约束力

3、如果当事人没有明确排除某项惯例，发生纠纷时，法院或仲裁机构可以引用该惯例判决或裁决 8/25/20224关于价格术语的国际贸易惯例 1932年华沙牛津规则WarsawOxford Rules 1932：国际法协会为解释价格术语CIF而制定的规则1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941，由美国9个商业团体制定 价格术语释义国际通则INCOTERMS，由国际商会International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）所制定 8/25/202251941年美国对外贸易定义修订本Revised A

4、merican Foreign Trade Definitions 1941定义的术语：Ex (Point of Origin) 产地交货 Free on Board 船上交货 Free Along Side 船边交货 Cost and Freight 成本和运费 Cost, Insurance, and Freight 成本和运保费 Ex Dock 目的港码头交货 8/25/20226INCOTERMS基本情况标题解字： INCOTERMS由International Commercial Terms三字合成INCOTERMS标题译文的由来： INCOTERMS的早期版本有副标题：Inter

5、national Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms，我国通常译为国际贸易术语解释通则，简称通则，译文价格术语释义国际通则仅供参考。什么是INCOTERMS？ INCOTERMS是国际商会制定的一套规则，该规则定义国际贸易合同中最常用的术语，划分买卖双方责任、费用、风险。版本： 最初版本是INCOTERMS 1936， 最新版本是INCOTERMS 2000， 20世纪80年代以来，我国使用过INCOTERMS 1980、1990和2000三个版本。8/25/20227INCOTERMS 2000 共有13种术语，分为E、F、C、D四组Gro

6、up E Departure 启运 EXW Ex Works 工厂交货Group F Main carriage unpaid主运费未付 FCA Free Carrier FAS Free Alongside Ship FOB Free on Board 货交承运人装运港船边交货装运港船上交货 Group CMain carriage paid主运费已付 CFR Cost and Freight CIF Cost, Insurance, and Freight CPT Carriage paid To CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To 成本加运费成本加运保费

7、 运费付至 运保费付至 Group D Arrival 到达 DAF Delivery at Frontier DES Delivered Ex Ship DEQ Delivered Ex Quay DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid DDP Delivered Duty Paid 边境交货 目的港船上交货 目的港码头交货 未完税交货 完税后交货 8/25/20228常用价格术语货交装运港术语组货交承运人术语组FOBCFRCIFFCACPTCIP以上分组，并不是INCOTERMS 2000的分组。这样“跳出” INCOTERMS 2000分组的分组，主要是因为每一组的三个术语具

8、有共同的交货点和风险点。黎孝先在其1980年的国际贸易实务教材（无出版社出版，仅在内部使用）中，介绍的就是FOB，C&F, CIF。)8/25/20229Free on BoardFOB （named port of shipment，指定装运港 ）例：FOB Shanghai，China 简略定义： FOB是指，买方安排船只，支付装运港到目的港运费，卖方在指定装运港交货。货物越过船舷时，风险和费用从卖方转移到买方。FOB仅适用于船舶运输。8/25/202210FOB defined in INCOTERMS 2000FREE ON BOARD means that the seller de

9、livers when the goods pass over the ships rail at the named port of shipment. This means that the buyer has to bear all costs and risks of loss of or damage to the goods from that point. The FOB term requires the seller to clear the goods forexport.This term can be used only for sea or inland waterw

10、ay transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goodsacross the ships rail, the FCA term should be used. 8/25/202211FOB INCOTERMS 2000定义FOB是指，在指定装运港货物越过船舷时，卖方就完成了交货义务。即买方必须承担自该点起货物灭失和损坏的一切费用和风险。卖方负责办理货物的出口报关手续。 FOB仅适用于海洋运输或运河运输，如当事人不打算用越过船舷的方式交货，则应使用FCA。8/25/202212Division of obligation, c

11、ost, and risks under FOB in INCOTERMS 2000A THE SELLERS OBLIGATIONSB THE BUYERS OBLIGATIONSA1 Provision of goods in conformity with the contract The seller must provide the goods and the commercial invoice, or its electronic message, in conformity with the contract of sale and any other evidence of

12、conformity which may be required by the contract.B1 Payment of the price The buyer must pay the price as provided in the contract of sale. 8/25/202213INCOTERMS 2000对FOB的责任、费用和风险的划分A 卖方义务B 买方义务A1 提供符合合同规定的货物 卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票或有同等效力的电子讯息，以及合同可能要求的、证明货物符合合同规定的其他任何凭证；B1 支付价款 买方必须按照销售合同规定支付价款。8/25/2

13、02214A2 Licences, authorisations, and formalities The seller must obtain at his own risk and expense any export licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities necessary for the export of the goods. B2 Licences, authorisations, and formalitiesThe buye

14、r must obtain at his own risk and expense any import licence or other official authorisation and carry out, where applicable, all customs formalities for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country.8/25/202215A2 许可证、批文和手续卖方必须自担风险和费用，以取得任何出口许可证或其他官方批文，并在需要办理海关手

15、续时，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。B2 许可证、批文和手续买方必须自担风险和费用，以取得任何进口许可证或其他官方批文，并在需要办理海关手续时，办理货物进口和在必要时从他国过境所需的一切海关手续。8/25/202216A3 Contract of carriage and insurancea) Contract of carriage No obligation. b) Contract of insurance No obligation.B3 Contract of carriage and insurancea) Contract of carriageThe buyer must

16、contract at his own expense for the carriage of the goods from the named port of shipment.b) Contract of insurance No obligation.8/25/202217A3 运输合同和保险合同a) 运输合同无义务。b) 保险合同无义务。B3 运输合同和保险合同a) 运输合同买方必须自付费用订立从指定装运港运输货物的合同。b) 保险合同无义务。8/25/202218A4 DeliveryThe seller must deliver the goods on the date or w

17、ithin the agreed period at the named port of shipment and in the manner customary at the port on board the vessel nominated by the buyer.B4 Taking deliveryThe buyer must take delivery of the goods when they have been delivered in accordance with A4. 8/25/202219A4 交货卖方必须在约定日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式，将货物

18、交至买方指定的船上。B4 收取货物买方必须在卖方按照A4的规定交货时收取货物。8/25/202220A5 Transfer of risksThe seller must, subject to the provisions of B5, bear all risks of loss of or damage to the goods until such time as they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment B5 Transfer of risksThe buyer must bear all risks

19、of losses of or damage to the goods *from the time they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment, and *from the agreed date or the expiry date of the agreed period for delivery which arise because he fails to give notice in accordance with B7, or because the vessel nominated by him f

20、ails to arrive on time, or is unable to take the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the time notified in accordance with B7, provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods.8/25/202221

21、A5 风险转移除B5规定者外，卖方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至货物在指定的装运港越过船舷为止。B5 风险转移买方必须按照下述规定承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险：自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷时起；及由于买方未按照B7条的规定通知卖方，或其指定的船只未按时到达，或未接收货物，或早于B7条所通知的时间截止装货，则自约定交货日期或交货期限届满之日起，但以该项货物已适当划归于本合同项下，即清楚地分开或以其他方式确定为合同项下之货物为限。8/25/202222A6 Division of costsThe seller must, subject to the provisions of B6,

22、pay * all costs relating to the goods until such time as they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment; and *where applicable, the costs of customs formalities necessary for export as well as all duties, taxes, and other charges payable upon export. B6 Division of costsThe buyer must

23、 pay *all costs relating to the goods from the time they have passed the ships rail at the named port of shipment, and *any additional costs incurred, either because the vessel nominated by him has failed to arrive on time, or is unable to take the the goods, or closes for cargo earlier than the tim

24、e notified in accordance with B7, or because the buyer has failed to give appropriate notice in accordance with B7 provided, however, that the goods have been duly appropriated to the contract, that is to say, clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods; and*where applicable, all

25、 duties, taxes, and other charges as well as the costs of carrying out customs formalities payable upon import of the goods and for their transit through any country.8/25/202223A6 费用划分除B6规定者外，卖方必须支付与货物有关的一切费用，直至货物在指定装运港越过船舷时为止；及在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口需支出的海关手续费、一切关税、税捐和对出口收取的其他费用。 B6 费用划分买方必须支付自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷

26、时起，与货物有关的一切费用；以及由于以下情况而发生的任何额外费用：买方指定的船只未按时到达，或未接收上述货物，或早于B7条通知的时间截止装货，或买方未按照B7条的规定给予卖方相应的通知，但以该项货物已适当划归本合同项下，即清楚地分开或以其他方式确定为合同项下之货物为限；以及在需要办理海关手续时，货物进口需支出的海关手续费、一切关税、税捐和其他费用，及办理海关手续的费用，以及货物从他国过境所需的费用。8/25/202224A7 Notice to the BuyerThe seller must give the buyer sufficient notice that the goods ha

27、ve been delivered in accordance with A4. B7 Notice to the sellerThe buyer must give the seller sufficient notice of the vessel name, loading point, and required delivery time.8/25/202225A7 通知买方卖方必须给予买方说明货物已按照A4规定交货的充分通知。 B7 通知卖方买方必须给予卖方关于船名、装船地点和所要求的交货时间的充分的通知。 8/25/202226A8 Proof of delivery, trans

28、port document or equivalent electronic messageThe seller must provide the buyer at the sellers expense with the usual proof of delivery in accordance with A4. Unless the document referred to in the proceeding paragraph is the transport document, the seller must render the buyer, at the latters reque

29、st, risk, and expense, every assistance in obtaining a transport document for the contract of carriage (for example, a negotiable bill of lading, a non-negotiable sea waybill, an inland waterway document, or a multimodal transport document).Where the seller and the buyer have agreed to communicate e

30、lectronically, the document referred to in the proceeding paragraph may be replaced by an equivalent electronic data interchange (EDI) message.B8 Proof of delivery, transport document or equivalent electronic messageThe buyer must accept the proof of delivery in accordance with A8. 8/25/202227A8 交货凭

31、证、运输单据或有同等效力的电子讯息 卖方必须自付费用，向买方提供证明货物已按照A4规定交货的通常单据。除非上述单据系运输单据，否则，应买方的请求，并由买方负担风险和费用，卖方必须给予买方一切协助，以取得有关运输合同的运输单据（例如，可转让的提单、不可转让的海运单、内河运单、或多式联运单据。）如卖方和买方约定采用电子通讯，则上述单据可被具有同等效力的电子数据交换（EDI）讯息所代替。 B8 交货凭证、运输单据或有同等效力的电子讯息买方必须接受按照A8的规定提供的交货凭证。8/25/202228A9 Checking - packaging - markingThe seller must pay

32、 the costs of those checking operations (such as checking quality, measuring, weighing, counting) which are necessary for the purpose of delivering the goods in accordance with A4The seller must provide at his own expense packaging (unless it is usual for the particular trade to ship the goods of th

33、e contract description unpacked) which is required for the transport of goods, to the extent that the circumstances relating to the transport (for example, modalities,destination) are made known to the seller before the contract of sale is concluded.Packaging is to be marked appropriately.B9 Inspect

34、ion of goodsThe buyer must pay the costs of pre-shipment inspection except when such inspection is mandated by the authorities of the country of export.8/25/202229A9 检查、包装、标记 卖方必须支付为按A4规定交货所需检查（如检查质量、丈量、过磅、点数）的费用。卖方必须自付费用，提供货物运输所需的包装（除非在特定贸易中，合同规定的货物之运输按惯例不需要包装）但以订立销售合同前卖方已知悉有关运输的情况（如运输方式、目的港）为限。包装应

35、作适当标记。 B9 货物检验 买方必须支付装运前的检验费用，但出口国有关当局强制进行的检验除外。 8/25/202230A10 Other obligationsThe seller must render the buyer at the latters request, risk, and expense, every assistance in obtaining any documents or equivalent electronic messages (other than those mentioned in A8) issued or transmitted in the c

36、ountry of shipment and/or of origin which the buyer may require for the import of the goods and, where necessary, for their transit through any country.The seller must provide the buyer, upon request, with the necessary information for procuring insurance.B10 Other obligationsThe buyer must pay all

37、costs and charges incurred in obtaining the documents or equivalent electronic messages mentioned in A10 and reimburse those incurred by the seller in rendering his assistance in accordance therewith.8/25/202231A10 其他义务 应买方的请求，并由买方承担风险和费用，卖方必须给予买方一切协助，以帮助其取得由装运地国和/或原产地所签发或传送的、为买方进口货物可能要求的和必要时从他国过境所需

38、的任何单据或有同等效力的电子讯息（A8所列的除外）应买方的请求，卖方必须向买方提供买方投保的必要信息。 B10 其他义务 买方必须支付为获取A10所述单据或具有同等效力的电子讯息所发生的一切费用，并偿付卖方因给予协助而发生的费用。8/25/202232FOB责任、费用、风险划分(简略）1. 买方未将租船信息及时通知卖方，或2. 买方指定的船只未按时到达，或3. 船只不能接收货物，或4. 船只提前截止装货，责任风险费用卖方1、将货物送交到装运港买方指定的船只上2、办理出口报关手续1、承担货物越过船舷之前的风险1、承担货物越过船舷之前的费用买方1、租船订舱，将船期、船名通知卖方2、办理进口报关手续

39、1、承担货物越过船舷之后的风险1、承担货物越过船舷之后的费用，特别是装港到港运费非正常情况以最后装期为界线以最后装期为界线8/25/202233使用FOB的注意事项 船货衔接买方应尽早将船期、船名通知卖方，以便卖方顺利交货 FOB的变形 （租船运输时，装船费用的划分）FOB liner terms FOB 班轮条件 买方承担装船费用FOB under tackle FOB吊钩下交货 买方承担装船费用FOB stowed FOB理舱 卖方承担装船费用FOB trimmed FOB平舱 卖方承担装船费用FOB的界线：INCOTERMS以船舷为界，实际使用时界线前后移动, “已装船清洁”提单将风险界

40、线从船舷移到船上4. INCOTERMS与美国外贸定义对FOB的不同解释8/25/2022341941年美国对外贸易定义修订本的FOB分为6种2.1) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) 在指定内陆发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货2.2) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) freight prepaid to (named point of exportation) 在指定内陆发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货，运费预付

41、到指定的出口地点2.3) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) freight allowed to (named point) 在指定内陆发货地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货，减除至出口地点的运费 2.4) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of exportation) 在指定出口地点的指定内陆运输工具上交货 2.5) FOB Vessel (named port of shipment) 在指定装运港的船上交货价2.6) FOB (named i

42、nland point in country of importation) 在进口国的指定内陆地点交货8/25/202235举例说明美国对外贸易定义修订本6种FOB内陆发货点：湖北黄石市出口地：湖北武汉市，进口地：美国Los Angeles 交货点费用点风险点2.1黄石黄石黄石2.2黄石武汉（运费预付）黄石2.3黄石武汉（运费到付）黄石2.4武汉（关山二路）武汉（关山二路）武汉（关山二路）2.5武汉（江汉关码头）武汉（江汉关码头）武汉（江汉关码头）2.6Los Angeles, USALos Angeles, USALos Angeles, USA8/25/202236INCOTERMS与美

43、国外贸定义（第四、第五种）对FOB的不同解释INCOTERMS美国外贸定义第四种美国外贸定义第五种FOB的后接内容FOB Wuhan,ChinaFOB Wuhan,ChinaFOB Vessel Wuhan,China交货点Wuhan港口船上交货Wuhan内陆运输工具上交货Wuhan港口船上交货风险点船舷Wuhan内陆运输工具船上出口手续卖方负责出口许可证和出口报关卖方协助买方办理出口许可证, 且买方承担费用卖方协助买方办理出口许可证, 且买方承担费用因此，我国公司与北美公司签订进口合同时应注意：1、使用FOB Vessel named port of shipment，2、应书面确定卖方负责

44、办理出口许可证和出口报关，并承担费用。8/25/202237Cost and FreightCFR （named port of destination，指定目的港 ）例：CFR Los Angeles， USA简略定义： CFR是指，卖方安排船只，支付装运港到目的港运费，在指定装运港交货。货物越过船舷时，风险和其他费用从卖方转移到买方。CFR仅适用于船舶运输8/25/202238CFR defined in INCOTERMSCOST AND FREIGHT means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail i

45、n the port of shipment.The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination, BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the b

46、uyer. The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport. If the parties do not intend to deliver the goods across the ships rail, the CPT term should be used.8/25/202239CFR INCOTERMS定义CFR是指，在指定装运港货物越过船舷时，卖方就完成了交货义务。卖方必须支付

47、货物运输到目的港的运费。但是，卖方交货之后货物灭失或损害的风险，以及额外费用，从卖方转移到买方。卖方负责办理货物的出口报关手续。 CFR仅适用于海洋运输或运河运输，如当事人不打算用越过船舷的方式交货，则应使用CPT。8/25/202240CFR责任、费用、风险划分(简略）责任风险费用卖方1、租船订舱，将货物送交到装运港船只上2、将装船情况及时通知买方3、办理出口报关手续1、承担货物越过船舷之前的风险1、承担货物越过船舷之前的费用, 2、承担装港到港运费买方1、办理进口报关手续1、承担货物越过船舷之后的风险1、承担货物越过船舷之后的费用，不包括装港到港运费8/25/202241使用CFR的注意事

48、项 船险衔接卖方应尽早将装船情况通知买方，以便买方及时投保 CFR的变形 （租船运输时，卸船费用的划分）CFR liner terms CFR班轮条件， 卖方承担卸船费用CFR landed CFR卸至岸上 卖方承担卸船费用CFR ex tackle CFR吊钩下交货 卖方承担卸船费用 （船舶不能靠岸时，不含驳船费用）CFR ex ships hold CFR舱底交货 买方承担卸船费用CFR 的别名 CFR = C&F = CNF= C and F8/25/202242Cost , Insurance, and FreightCIF （named port of destination，指定目

49、的港 ）例：CIF Los Angeles， USA简略定义： CIF是指，卖方安排船只、投保，支付装运港到目的港运费及保费，在指定装运港交货。货物越过船舷时，风险和其他费用从卖方转移到买方。CIF仅适用于船舶运输8/25/202243CIF defined in INCOTERMSCOST, INSURANCE, and FREIGHT means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ships rail in the port of shipment.The seller must pay the costs and freig

50、ht necessary to bring the goods to the named port of destination, BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer. However, in CIF the seller also has to procure marine in

51、surance against the buyers risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. Consequently, the seller contracts for insurance and pays the insurance premium. The buyer should note that under the CIF term the seller is required to obtain insurance only on minimum cover. Should the buyer wis

52、h to have the protection of greater cover, he would either need to agree as much expressly with the seller or to make his own extra insurance arrangement.The CIF term requires the seller to clear the goods for export. This term can be used only for sea and inland waterway transport. If the parties d

53、o not intend to deliver the goods across the ships rail, the CIP term should be used.8/25/202244CIF INCOTERMS定义CIF是指，在指定装运港货物越过船舷时，卖方就完成了交货义务。卖方必须支付货物运输到目的港的运费。但是，卖方交货之后，货物灭失或损害的风险，以及额外费用，从卖方转移到买方。但是，卖方却要买方的这些风险购买海运保险。因而，卖方订立保险合同，支付保费。卖方只须购买最小险别。如果买方希望较大险别，应与卖方明确达成协议，或自行另外加购保险。卖方负责办理货物的出口报关手续。 CIF仅适

54、用于海洋运输或运河运输，如当事人不打算用越过船舷的方式交货，则应使用CIP。8/25/202245CIF责任、费用、风险划分(简略）责任风险费用卖方1、租船订舱，将货物送交到装运港船只上2、购买海运保险3、办理出口报关手续1、承担货物越过船舷之前的风险1、承担货物越过船舷之前的费用, 2、承担装港到港运费、保险费买方1、办理进口报关手续1、承担货物越过船舷之后的风险1、承担货物越过船舷之后的费用，不包括装港到港运费、保险费8/25/202246使用CIF的注意事项 CIF的风险界线与FOB相同，因此， 从“风险界线”的角度来看，CIF价格并不是“到岸价格”CIF的变形 （租船运输时，卸船费用的

55、划分）CIF liner terms CFR班轮条件， 卖方承担卸船费用CIF landed CFR卸至岸上 卖方承担卸船费用CIF ex tackle CFR吊钩下交货 卖方承担卸船费用 （船舶不能靠岸时，不含驳船费用）CIF ex ships hold CFR舱底交货 买方承担卸船费用8/25/202247FOB、CFR、CIF对比交货地点运输方式风险界线租船订舱投保支付运费支付保费交货性质FOB装运港海洋运河船舷买方买方实质性交货CFR装运港海洋运河船舷卖方卖方象征性交货CIF装运港海洋运河船舷卖方卖方卖方卖方象征性交货8/25/202248FOB、CFR、CIF的衍生传统组 衍生组Fr

56、ee on Board FOB named port of shipmentFree Carrier FCA named placeCost and Freight CFR named port of destinationCarriage Paid To CPT named place of destinationCost, Insurance, and Freight CIF named port of destinationCarriage and Insurance Paid To CIP named place of destination 8/25/202249Free Carri

57、erFCA （named place，指定装运地 ）例：FCA Shanghai，China 简略定义： FCA是指，买方指定承运人，支付装运地到目的地运费，卖方在指定装运地交货。货物交给承运人时，风险和费用从卖方转移到买方。FCA适用于各种运输方式。 8/25/202250FCAdefined in INCOTERMSFREE CARRIER means that the seller deliver the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place. It shou

58、ld be noted the chosen place of delivery has an impact on the obligation of loading and unloading the goods at that place. If delivery occurs at the sellers premises, the seller is responsible for loading. If delivery occurs at any other place, the seller is not responsible for unloading.This term m

59、ay be used irrespective of the mode of transport, including multimodal transport.CARRIER means any person who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or to procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such modes. If the buyer nominates

60、 a person other than a carrier to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods when they are delivered to that person.8/25/202251FCA INCOTERMS定义定义： FCA是指，在指定地点卖方将业经办理出口报关手续的货物交付给买方指定的承运人。应当注意的是，交货地点的选择对装货和卸货义务有影响。如果交货是在卖方的所在地，则卖方负责装货（到运输工具上）。如果交货是在任何其