中考英语动词复习

1、动词部分 【复习目标】 掌握动词的种类情况。 掌握动词不定式的用法。 （一）动词的种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动 1行为动词 行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语；不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。 More and more people study English.(vt) The students are listening to the teacher carefull

2、y.(vi) 2连系动词 连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。 Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. It feels damp. 3助动词 助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。 How do you usually

3、come to school? The children are playing yo-yo now. 4情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。 Can I help you? - Must we go now? No, you neednt . a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时，指本身有能力的“能”；be able to用于各种时态均

4、可，指须经过努力而“能”。 b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为“必须”，只用于一般现在时和一般将来时；have/has to表示客观需要，意为“不得不”，它可用于各种时态。 cneed和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。 例题解析1. Be careful , Jane. Dont _ your hands dirty. （重庆第二外国语学校）A get B. keep C. have D. let2.Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began . （成都树德中学） A. is

5、 B. was C. are D. were3. Where is Tom ? （成都树德中学） He hasnt come to school today . I think he _ be ill . A. has to B. should C. may D. need4. _ I visit Lucy on Sunday , Mum ? （绵阳南山中学） Yes , you _ . A. Must ; can B. May ; may C. Need ; need D. May ; need5.I will tell you how to get to the place ; youd

6、better _ it _ . （成都外国语学校） A. try ; on B. get ; off C. take ; down D. pick ; up6.Germany and Great Britain are _ countries , but China and India are _ ones . （重庆巴蜀中学） A. developing ; developed B. developed ; to develop C. developed ; developing D. to develop ; developing7.The greedy inn-keeper once m

7、ade the poor heroine _ twice a day . （绵阳外国语学校） A. dance B. dances C. danced D. to dance8. People now can know what is happening in the world quickly . （双流中学） Youre right . With the help of computers , news can _ every corner of the would . A. get B. arrive C. return D. reach9.We usually have six les

8、sons a day , and each of them _ 45 minutes . （成都七中） A. last B. lasts C. have D. need10.The doctor did what he could _ that child . （重庆第二外国语学校） A. save B. to save C. saved D. saving啊 B C B C C A D B B （二）动词不定式 动词不定式 to do没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语，但可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语，又可以在句子中作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、主语、表语等。但它毕竟是动词，因此，具

9、有动词的许多特点，如它可以有自己的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。1作主语。 如： To learn English is very important. 但实际上不定式作主语常用 it来作形式主语，而将不定式移至谓语动词后作真正的主语。如上句可表达为： Its very important to learn English. 2作表语。 如： My idea is to ring him up at once. 3作宾语。 如： I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School. 4作宾语补足语。a. ask, want, teach, tell, k

10、now, would like, allow等动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus. b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom. c. let, make, have这些使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中这些不带to的都须带上to。 如： In those days the bosse

11、s often made the workers work day and night. d.动词help接动词不定式作宾语补足语，可带to也可不带to。 如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag? 5作定语。 a.与被修饰词有动宾关系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词千万不要省略。 如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in. b.与被修饰词有主谓关系。 如： Mr Liang is always the first

12、to come and the last to leave. c.与被修饰之间只有修饰关系。 如： I have no time to play cards. 6作状语，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、结果等。 如： Ill go to meet my friend at the railway station. 7不定式复合结构“for sb. to do sth” 作主语时，常用“It is +adj+ for of sb. to do sth”的句式。形容词good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever, right, wrong, careful等

13、用“It is +adj +of sb. to do sth.” 其他形容词用 for。 Its dangerous for you to ride so fast. Its very kind of you to help me. 8动词不定式与疑问句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等连用。 如： I dont know when to start. He didnt tell me where to go. 但上面结构相当于一个从句，故上述句子也可表达为： I dont know when well start. He didnt te

14、ll me where he would go. 注意： a.有些动词或动词短语不能带不定式，只能接动词的-ing形式。 如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(错过),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。 如： The peasants are busy picking apples. Would you mind my opening the door? b.有些动词后可接不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式，但意思不同。 如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(该寄但还没做

15、) Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已经寄过信了) They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作) They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作) 1. This company was the first _ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. （南山中学）A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced2. I dont know wh

16、ether you happen_ ,but I am going to study in the U.S.A this September. （双流中学）A .to be heard. B. to be bearing C .to hear D .to have heard3. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _the film stars had left. （成都外国语学校）A .to tell B .to be told C .telling D .told4. Id rather have a room of my ow

17、n, however small it is, than_ a room with someone else. （巴蜀中学）A. to share B. to have shared C. share D. sharing5. As a result of my laziness, I failed _ my work in time. （成都四中）A. and finishedB. to finishC. and finishingD. to finished6. He could do nothing but _for the bus _.（成都七中）A. wait, to come B.

18、 wait; come C. waiting; coming D. waited; came7. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _.（南山中学）A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survived D. will surviveB D B C B A B二用动词的正确形式填空。He found it very difficult _ （sleep）. (湖南省)Robert often asks us _( help) his Chinese,

19、 so his Chinese is much better than before.The old man told the child _( no be) noisy.(湖北省)The new hospital _(build) is near the factory.(青海省)Im sorry _(hear) that. (河北省)to sleep to help with not to be to be built to hear“主谓一致”解题指导一、主谓一致 主谓一致有许多原则，概括起来不外乎三种一致原则，即语法形式一致，概念一致（语言内容上一致），毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和

20、紧位于其前的主语一致）。 1. 语法形式一致 （1）单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语，用and或bothand连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。例1) The performance was very funny. 2) Serving the people is my great happiness. 3) Whether well go depends on the weather. 4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 5) Both you

21、and I are students. 6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper. （2）由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后面，不能看作是并列主语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，主语如是单数，其谓语动词仍然

22、用单数形式。例如： 1) My mother, as well as my father, has a key to the office. 2) 3) His sister no less than you is wrong. 4) The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students. (3)有些代词只能指单数可数名词，当它们在句子中作主语时，尽管在意义上是多数，谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有either, neither, each, one, the other, anot

23、her, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。例如： 1) Neither likes the friends of the other. (两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。) 2) Everything around us is matter. (我们周围的所有东西都是物质。) (4)在neither of与either of的结构里，一般语法书都认为谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，但在美国的TOEFL考

24、试内要求用单数形式。例如： 1) Neither of them was in good health, but both worked very hard. 2) Has either of them been seen recently? (5)当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事，and后的名词前没有冠词，谓语动词应该用单数形式；在and后面的名词前有冠词，谓语就用复数形式。例如： 1)The bread and butter is served for breakfast. (早饭供应黄油面包。) 2)The bread and the butter are on sale.

25、(正在出售黄油和面包。) （6）当one of结构作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： 1)One of those students has passed the examination. 2)A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use. （7）plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of等 + 可数与不可数名词作主语时，不可数名词的谓语只用单数，可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如： 1）Half of this building is to

26、be completed by spring. 2）Half of the buildings have been painted completely. 3）There is plenty of water in the pail. 4）There are plenty of eggs in the box. （8）如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如： 1）Over three-quarters of the swampland has been reclaimed. 2）Two-thirds of t

27、he people present are against the plan. （9）定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如： 1）He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group. 2）“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident. 注：当one之前有the only等限定词修饰时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。例如： He is the only one of those boys who is wi

28、lling to take on another assignment. 2.概念一致（语言内容上一致） （1）有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, orchestra（管弦乐队）, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时，动词用单数形式，如就其中的各个成员来说，则谓语用复数形式。例如： 1）His family is going to move. 2）His family are very wel

29、l. 3）The public is / are requested not to leave litter in the park. 注：如这类词后跟有定语从句时，定语从句的谓语动词也遵循概念一致的原则，强调具体成员时，谓语动词用复数，关系代词用who; 强调整体时，谓语动词用单数，关系代词用which。例如： 1）The government who were responsible for this event attempted to find a solution. 2）The government which was responsible for this event attem

30、pted to find a solution. (2)有些表示总称意义的名词，形式上是单数，而意义上却是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式，如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。例如： 1）Cattle were allowed to graze on the village common. 2）The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. (3)有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economi

31、cs, physics, mechanics, politics等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： 1）Politics is a complicated business. 2）Here is the news. (4)复数主语与each连用时，应不受each的影响，谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如： 4) The old workers and the young each have their own tools. (5)表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如： 1) Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 2) Th

32、ree pints isnt enough to get me drunk. (6)国家、单位和书报的名称，作为一个单一的概念，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： 1）War and Peace is the longest book Ive read. （8）the +形容词作主语时，如主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指的是单个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： 1) The blind are taught trades in special schools. 2) The departed was a good friend of his. 3.毗邻一致（就近原则） (1)由

33、连词or, neitheror, eitheror, not only also, nor等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式按毗邻一致的原则，与贴近它的主语一致。例如： 1) He or you have taken my pen. 2) Either you or he is no telling the truth. 3) Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. (2)在there be 的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则。例如： 1)There is a desk and four

34、benches in the office. 2)There are two chairs and a desk in the office. 例题解析1.The man together with his wife and children there watching TV. （成都七中）A. sitting B. sits C.sit 2. This pair of glasses _ me. （成都四中）A. dont fitB. doesnt fitC. fits notD. not fit3.Every student and every teacher _.（北京师范大学附属中学

35、）A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attend the meetingC.has attended the meetingD. is attended the meeting4.Nothing but six chairs _ in the room. （北京师范大学附属中学）A. areB. is stayedC. isD. are left5.Three years _ not a long time. （北京海淀区）A. isB. areC. hasD. be6.He is one of the children who _ fond

36、 of playing football. （上海）A. isB. areC. wasD. were7.No news _ good news. （四川达州）A. amB. isC. areD. be8.The number of pages in the dictionary _ about two thousand. （绵阳中学）A. areB. hasC. haveD. is9.Many a student _ interested in the film. （成都七中）A. isB. areC. haveD. were10.It _ John and Mike who cleaned

37、the classroom. （绵阳南山中学）A. areB. wereC. wasD. has beenB B A C A B B D A C动词时态 弄清动词的时态，掌握常用的八种时态，即：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。 一般现在时in an office.主语为第三人称单数时，在动词原形后加s或es:I work You workHe worksShe worksIt worksWe workYou work They work （一）一般现在时的形式（二）一般现在时的用法永恒的真理一般现在时可以用于陈述永恒的真理Summ

38、er follows spring.“现在时段”一般现在时可以陈述现在时段内发生或存在的事件、动作或情况。这些事件、动作或情景说不定会无限期的延续下去。但实际上，我们的意思则是在说“这是现在存在着的状况”。My father works in a bank.My sister wears glasses.习惯性的动作一般现在时可以带时间副词或不带时间副词表示习惯性动作，即不断重复发生的事。I get up at 7.John smokes a lot.使用带不定频度副词（如：always,never等）或带副词短语（如：every day等）的一半现在时可使习惯性动作表现得更加明确。I som

39、etimes stay up till midnight.She visits her parents every day.在以How often 开头的问句及答句中，通常用一般现在是：How often do you go to the dentist? I go every six months.表示将来这种用法往往用于谈论时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的事情的时候：The exhibition opens on January 1st and closes on January 31st.The concert begins at 7.30 and ends at 9.30.现在进行时

40、现在进行时的形式现在进行时由be的现在式+现在分词构成。I am You are He is She is It is We areYou are They are Im YoureHes Shes Its WereYoureTheyrewritingwaitingrunningbeginninglying writingwaitingrunningbeginninglying 现在进行时的用法说话时正在进行的动作 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件。往往与now, at the moment, just等副词连用，以示强调：Someones knocking at the door.

41、Can you answer it ?What are you doing ? I m just tying up my shoe-laces.Hes working at the moment ,so he cant come to the telephone.现在进行着的动作皆被视为未完成的动作：He s talking to his girlfriend on the phone.可用still 一词强调动作的持续性Hes still talking to his girlfriend on the phone.暂时情况 现在进行时可表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行

42、的动作或存在的状况。Whats your daughter doing these days ? Shes studying English at Durham University.这种情况不一定在说话时发生：Dont take that ladder away. Your fathers using it . 别把梯子拿起，你父亲在用。即不一定现在在用。）Shes at her best when shes making big decisions. 当做出最大决定时，她处于最佳状态。暂时发生的事情也可以是在说话时正在进行着：The river is flowing very fast a

43、fter last nights rain. 昨夜下过雨后，河水流速很快。现在进行时也用来表示当前的动向：People are becoming less tolerant of smoking these days . 如今人们对吸烟较为难以忍受了。事先计划好的动作：指将来现在进行时可表示为将来安排好的活动和事件；除在上下文中意思清楚者外，通常需要一个表示时间的状语：Were spending next winter in Australia. 我们将要在澳大利亚度过明年冬天。用arrive ,come, go ,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意

44、思。Hes arriving tomorrow morning on the 13.27 train. 明天早上他将乘13时27分的火车到达。用现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作时，可用状语和上下文使语义不致含混：Look ! The trains leaving. 看！火车开了。（即火车实际上正在开动）重复的动作副词 always, constantly ,continually ,forever ,perpetually ,repeatedly 等等可与进行时连用，表示不断重复的动作：Shes always helping people . 他经常帮助别人。某些状态动词带有always 等

45、次也可用进行时：Im always hearing strange stories about him . 我常听说关于他的一些怪事。当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时，则有时含有抱怨的意思：Our burglar alarm is forever going off for no reason. 我们的防盗警报器不知怎么常常失灵。一般现在时和现在进行时的区别：1 一般现在时和现在进行时常用来解说当时发生的事件，特别是在电台和电视广播中。在这种情况下，一般现在时常用来表示说话时刚完成的快速动作，现在进行时则常用来描述持续时间较长的动作：MacFee passes to Franklyn, F

46、ranklyn makes a quick pass to Booth . Booth is away with the ball ,but he s losing his advantage. 麦克菲把球传给富兰克林，富兰克林快传给布恩，布恩带球跑开，但他处境不利。2 在示范和使用说明中使用一般现在时：一般现在时的这种用法是祈使语气的另一种表示方式。它说明每一步应该怎样做：First you boil some water .Then you warm the teapot .Then you add three teaspoons of tea .Next ,you pour on boi

47、ling water. 你先烧些开水，然后把茶壶烫热，接着放三勺茶叶，随后冲入开水3 内容简介用一般现在时：Kate Foxs novel is an historical romance set in London in the 1880s. The action takes place over a period of 30 years 凯特.福克斯的小说是一部以1880年的伦敦为背景的历史传奇。情节的跨度有30年4 报刊标题、图片文字说明等用一般现在时和现在进行时：这种一般现在时通常以表示过去发生的事件：Freak snow stops trafic反常的大雪使交通断绝一般将来时一般将来

48、时由助动词shall/will加动词原形构成。shall(用于第一人称，will用于任何人称。表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间连用。如：tomorrow, next week等。但在表示准备、计划、打算做某事时，常用be going to加动词原形的结构。 如：Were going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.1) shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at sev

49、en this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to

50、+不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。一般过去时一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，表示过去发生的动作或状态。过去式分为规则变化和不规则变化。 一般过去时的构成：a. be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not (wasnt)/were not (werent)。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。b.实义动词过去式的句式。肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。如：They had

51、 a good time yesterday.否定式：主语+did not(didnt)+动词原形+其它。如：They didnt watch TV last night.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didnt.如：Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didnt.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework?一般过去时的用法：一般过去时的基本用法a)表

52、示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。He suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天他突然生病了。The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.发动机因燃料用光而停机了。b)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。I wrote home once a week at college.我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。注：表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去时外，还可以用used

53、to或would来表示。She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.她上高三时经常学习到深夜。He would sit for hours doing nothing.过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。 c)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。The students go up early in the mornin

54、g, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。d)在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作。We would not leave until the teacher came back.老师回来我们才会离开。She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。一般过去时的特殊用法a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。Its time we went.

55、该是我们走的时候了。I wish I were twenty years younger.但愿我年轻20岁。I would rather you didnt do anything for the time being.我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。b)在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。I wondered if you could give me a hand.我想请你帮个忙。Might I come and see you tonight?我想今晚来看你，好吗？ 一般过去时的时间状语表示一般过去时的时间状语有：a moment ago(刚才)，yesterday morning，la

56、st night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(刚才)等。动词一般过去式的构成a.规则动词过去式的变化可速记为直、去、双、改四字诀。一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。b.不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was，其他人称用were。注

57、意事项：A) 注意时间状语的搭配。一般过去时的时间状语应该是表示过去某个时间的词或词组，如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago等，绝对不可与recently, in the past 10 years, this month等连用，因为这样的时间状语都与现在有关系，应该用现在完成时或一般现在时。B) used to do的否定形式和疑问形式很特别：你怎么写都正确。以否定形式为例：used not to do, didnt used to do, didnt use to do都对。Used to do经常与 be used to doing

58、 sth/ sth结构进行对比。前者表示过去常常或过去曾经，要求加动词原形；后者表示习惯于，要求加名词或动名词。现在完成时表示到说话时刻为止已经做或尚未做过的动作。常用already, yet, so far, by now, since two days ago, for a few days 等词语作状语。 注：give, see, come, arrive, leave(离开)，begin, start, finish, join, become, borrow, lend, die, end 等点时间动词可以用于完成时，但在肯定句中不能与表示一段时的 since和for 短语连用，因为

59、点时间动词不能延续，而在否定句中可以与表示一段时间的for短语连用，因为否定的点时间动词可以看作是一种可延续的状态。Mike has come for a year.( ) Mike has been here for a year( ) Mike hasnt come for a year.（）过去完成时 表示截止到过去某一时刻或在过去的动作之前（过去的过去）已经做或尚未做的动作。By (=up to )last weekend we hadnt got any information.When he appeared, we had waited for 30 minutes.现在完成时考

60、点考点一：考查基本概念例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats happened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。考点二：考查时间状语例1. He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .