2023版高三一轮总复习英语（人教版）：课时分层作业19

1、PAGE PAGE 13课时分层作业(十九).阅读理解A(2021南京市学情调研)Don Quijote by Miguel de CervantesMuch reading and booklearning can drive you to try and become one of the characters in your favorite novels.This is what happens to Don Quijote，who attempts many knightly (骑士的) acts while stopped by a world that has rejected

2、knightly virtues.Cervantes combines all three elementsmadness，comedy，and fantasyin between conversations and adventures.A Treatise of Human Nature by David HumeExploring the scientifically applied moral philosophy is the goal of this treatise.Building on early complaints against the endless guesses

3、and arguments between philosophers，this work promotes a move away from metaphysical speculation (形而上学的猜测) and a permanent shift toward systems based on observational facts.None by BKovnerEinsteins favourite reading during his last few months of his life was humorous stories of BKovner.Kovner wrote a

4、 series of humorous stories.The Brothers Karamazov by DostoevskyIn the book，each character is representative of one of the ruling classes.There is the father Fyodor，the landowner who is careless about his land，but greedy in using its produce for himself.Theres Dmitri，who has been passed around from

5、house to house，and gentle Alyosha，the mysterious peacemaker.The themes of love，law，and duty make it one of the best Dostoevskys books to read.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书，包括其作者等相关信息。1Which book probably explores the link between science and human nature?ANone.BDon Quijote.CA Treatise of Human Nature.DThe

6、 Brothers Karamazov.C细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词science and human nature定位到原文中A Treatise of Human Nature中的“Exploring the scientifically applied moral philosophy is the goal of this treatise.”可知，写作人性论的目的就是探索科学应用的道德哲学，即探索科学与人性之间的关系，故C项正确。2Which of the following contributes to the popularity of The Brothers Karama

7、zov?ARich imagination.BHumor applied to writing.CThemes of love，law and duty.DCharacters representing ruling classes.C细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词popularity定位到原文The Brothers Karamazov中的“The themes of love, law, and duty make it one of the best Dostoevskys books to read.”可知，爱、法律和责任的主题使卡拉马佐夫兄弟成为人们读的陀思妥耶夫斯基的最好的书之一，

8、故C项正确。3Whats the purpose of the passage?ATo inform readers of the books.BTo share studies of the books.CTo evaluate the contents of the books.DTo compare the features of the books.A写作目的题。本文介绍了四本书的相关信息，故A项正确。B(2021湖北省部分重点学校联考)A group of volunteers joined forces to form a human chain to free four dolp

9、hins which had been stranded(搁浅) in a canal for four days. The four dolphins were seen in the water near the Fossil Park neighborhood in St. Petersburg, Florida, US, on Sunday. Experts from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission(FWC) had monitored the dolphins activities in the past f

10、ew days and hoped that they would swim out with the tide.But when the dolphins struggled to leave the canal, the brave volunteers joined members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium to form a rescue team to free them. Dozens of people gathered to

11、take videos and pictures of the kind act. A team of 14 volunteers held hands to act as a block to guide the dolphins out of the narrow canal. They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay.Dolphins find their way in the water through echoloc

12、ation (回声定位). That means that they can recognize the echoes of sound waves that bounce off objects to find their way around.Andy Garrett, a biologist of the FWC said, “We were able to keep that chain together. The dolphins were interested. They actually came over right away.” He added that when the

13、team reached a bridge, the dolphins appeared a bit nervous and started doing some spins. “They made one real hard pass at our team and then went under the bridge and took off，” Garrett said. The operation lasted about 45 minutes and the rescue team did not use nets or any items that could stress the

14、 dolphins.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是志愿者们帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故事。4What can we know about the dolphins from paragraph 1?AThey formed a chain to protect themselves.BThey lived in the water near the Fossil Park.CThey were observed in secret by volunteers.DThey were forced to stay in a canal for four days.D细节理解题。

15、根据文章第一段中的“four dolphins which had been stranded in a canal for four days”可知，D项正确。5Why did volunteers shout and pat the water?ATo make sounds to attract some people.BTo guide the dolphins out to Riviera Bay.CTo celebrate the success of saving dolphins.DTo test the different reactions of the dolphins.

16、B细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They shouted and patted.to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay.”可知，志愿者们喊叫、拍打水面是为了引导海豚前往里维埃拉湾，故B项正确。6What words could best describe the volunteers?ABrave and caring.BCautious and humorous.CSmart and ambitious.DOptimistic and energetic.A细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“the brave volun

17、teers”，并结合文章讲述的志愿者们帮助解救被困在运河里的海豚的故事可知，志愿者们是勇敢且乐于助人的，故A项正确。7Whats the main idea of the text?ADolphins swam to the canal to hunt for food.BRescuers formed a human chain to save dolphins.CVolunteers helped four dolphins escape from nets.DExperts studied the ways of dolphins finding directions.B主旨大意题。本文

18、讲述志愿者们帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故事，故B项正确。C(2021山东中学联盟大联考)To say there are many new holiday romantic comedies made for television every year is the kind of understatement nearly like a joke. One of the reasons why they tend to be formulaic (公式化的) is that to tell a love story in roughly an hour and a half witho

19、ut challenging an audiences settled expectations, there are only so many ways to go with the rhythm. Perhaps thats why Netflix has better luck with Dash & Lily, an eightepisode (八集) limited series thats got the charm that a lot of holiday films lack.Our story begins when a lonely Lily leaves an inte

20、resting note in a notebook on the shelf at The Strand, hoping a stranger will start an adventure with her. Dash finds it and reads it, and he accepts its challenge. Thus begins a correspondence in which they each write in the notebook and then leave it somewhere for the other, so that they never mee

21、t in person, but they get to send each other to their favorite places, sometimes to complete dares before the notebook can be found. Now, you do not want to think too carefully about thisthe idea that Lilys original clue would be found by an ageappropriate straight boy who likes mysteries and looks

22、like he was born to be in adaptations almost as much as she does is the height of magic，so just stay relaxed and go with it.These eight episodes, each around 30 minutes, never drag；they fly by joyfully. The ending, as is often the case with love stories, is a little messy but worth cheering for. Its

23、 as lovely and comfortable as you could want it to be, just about perfect for a weekend with a blanket over you.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影视作品达什与莉莉，包括其成功之处等。8What made Dash & Lily stand out among other films?ABeing formulaic to tell a romantic story.BPresenting a new romantic television show.CAttracting t

24、he audience with its typical charm.DSatisfying the audiences settled expectations.C细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，达什与莉莉有着许多假日电影所缺乏的魅力。故选C。9What does the underlined word “correspondence” in paragraph 2 probably mean?ARelationship.BCommunication.CStudy.DAction.B词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“they each write.never meet in person”可知，

25、他们在笔记本上写东西，然后把它留在某地给对方，这样他们就不用见面，由此可知他们通过笔记本保持联系。故B项正确。10Which of the following best describes Dash?APreferring reading.BBehaving strangely.CActing romantically.DEnjoying adventures.D推理判断题。由第二段中的“hoping a stranger will start an adventure with her.Dash finds it and reads it，and he accepts its challen

26、ge”和“boy who likes mysteries”可以推知，Dash应该是一个喜欢冒险的男孩。故选D。11What is the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a charming movie.BTo recommend a holiday comedy.CTo praise the romantic director.DTo explain what makes a good film.B写作目的题。本文介绍了一部影视作品达什与莉莉，包括其成功之处和剧情简介等，再结合文章最后一句可知，本文是为了推荐一部假日喜剧片，故选B。D(2021湖南省四校

27、联考)The Department of Energy (DOE) is dealing with a tough research problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade: developing a lowcost alternative to the present jet fuel.The search began around 2010, originally pushed by the concerns about the countrys reliance on imported oil. More rece

28、ntly, airlines have raised the question themselves. There are potential restrictions on the amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricityfueled replacement for their heavy planes.Researchers at DOEs National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) are taking a fresh look at a p

29、romising family of new and plentiful raw materials: food wastes and urban used water containing human manure(粪肥)“Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic materials that we normally have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment plants，” said Derek Vardon,a senior research e

30、ngineer at NREL. Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link their chainlike structures together. The result is a liquid fuel, Vardon explained, one that has seven times the energy of methanethe major component of natural gas. Thats needed to get a heavy airliner off the g

31、round.Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and lowcarbon resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment plants. One of them is Yu Jianping, the main researcher of a separate NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome water pollutant

32、s from conventional wastewater treatment processes. His idea is to feed the pollutants to algae (海藻) in the wastewater plants and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial fertilizers (肥料). Yus idea is to collect and develop special algae, so they can remove as much as 50% of

33、 the pollutants from processed wastewater. Growing more powerful algae, he points out, will also be a way to remove more CO2 from the air. The outcome is that it could reduce the amount of energy needed to run wastewater plants. “Thats the goal. Our main motivation is future environmental requiremen

34、ts，” Yu said.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科研人员利用海藻来处理污水中的污染物的构想。12Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel?ATheir planes are heavier than before.BThey want to rely less on imported oil.CTheir oil fuel harms the environment.DThey need to cut costs of electrical energy.C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“More re

35、cently，airlines have raised the question themselves.There are potential restrictions on the amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners”可知，航空公司面临潜在的二氧化碳排放限制问题，所以需要替代燃料。据此推断，航空公司寻找新能源的根本原因就是目前的石油燃料引起了环境问题，对环境有害。故选C。13What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon?AIt has as much energy a

36、s natural gas.BIt can be changed into fatty acids.CIts born out of organic wastes.DIts similar to natural gas in structure.C细节理解题。根据第三段中的“new and plentiful raw materials：food wastes and urban used water containing human manure(粪肥)”和第四段中的“these organic materials”“Manure and food wastes contain fatty

37、acids that can be changed to link their chainlike structures together.The result is a liquid fuel，Vardon explained”可知，Vardon提到的有机原料指的是粪肥和食物垃圾，而粪肥和食物垃圾中含有脂肪酸，这些脂肪酸可以通过变化来把它们相似的链结构连起来，最终结果就是液态燃料。由此可知，液态燃料产生于有机废弃物。故选C。14What role does algae play in Yu Jianpings idea?ACleaning processed wastewater.BProd

38、ucing green fuel.CMaking commercial fertilizers.DAbsorbing wastewater.A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“His idea is to feed the pollutants to algae in the wastewater plants”“Yus idea is to collect and develop special algae，so they can remove as much as 50%of the pollutants from processed wastewater.”可知，按照Yu Jianping的

39、构想，这些海藻能够吃掉处理过的污水中的污染物，采集并培育特定的海藻，这些海藻就可以去除处理过的污水中多达50%的污染物，即这种海藻有净化处理过的污水的作用。故选A。15What does the text mainly tell us?ADeveloping new fuel is quite necessary for airlines.BResearchers find a way of environmental protection.CWastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.DSearch for clean j

40、et fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.D主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍研究者开始寻找新能源的话题；第二段介绍其原因；接下来介绍研究者将目光投向了一般被运送到污水处理厂的废弃物以及研究者对污水处理厂海藻新应用的研究情况。综上可知，本文介绍的新能源方案说明研究者们的目光汇聚到了一处污水处理厂，故D选项概括了文章大意。.阅读七选五(2021浙江省五校联考)I have sometimes given money to beggars. 1 Please let me explain why.First，for every dollar that we

41、 give to a beggar，the more profitable we make begging and，comparatively，the less profitable we make working. This is bad，for we want people to work，not beg.Working is productive while begging is at best neutral and often a burden.Second，the beggar who receives the money might spend it on alcohol or

42、drugs. 2 When I went to elementary school，I remember that I was very moved by a song named “Streets of London”The song tells a heartbreaking story about some of Londons poorest people，an old man in particular.Not long ago，however，when I heard the song on the radio，it struck me that the man in the so

43、ng does not live a life that is horrible and miserable after all.Judging from the lyrics of the song，the man has shoes，and occasional access to a newspaper. 3 So why should you give money to the beggar in the developed world instead of the starving child in Africa?It might be harsh to claim that it

44、is immoral to give money to Western beggars.After all，it seems reasonable that you can spend the money as you like. 4 If our aim is to benefit ourselves，then giving money to beggars is not suitable.If our aim is to benefit others，then giving money to beggars is also wasteful.In seeking to help other

45、s，we should not merely give money to those who are geographically close to us and whose appearance arouses our sympathy. 5 To achieve this，we should first decide how much we are willing to spend helping others，and then donate money to the most efficient charity.AMany people die of hunger in Africa.B

46、True as it might be ，we should spend our money wisely.CWhy not donate money to those in need of financial aid?DUpon reflection，however，I have come to change my mind.EYou almost certainly spend money helping the wrong people.FIn a world where thousands die of hunger every day，thats a pretty comfortab

47、le life.GRather，we should aid those who are the least responsible for the situation theyre in.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲了我们不应该盲目地对乞丐施舍。1D考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“我有时候会给乞丐钱”，而空后一句则讲到了“请允许我解释原因”，再结合下文表述的原因我们给予乞丐的每一美元都会让乞讨获得的好处越多，相对地使工作获得的好处越少，乞丐可能会把乞讨来的钱花在买酒上等可知，空处讲的应该是作者不再对乞丐施舍，故D项符合语境。2E考查上下文衔接。根据本段讲到的第二个不再给乞丐施舍

48、的原因可知，E项“你十有八九是在花钱帮助错误的人”符合语境，与上句相衔接。3F考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“根据这首歌的歌词判断，这个人有鞋穿，偶尔还能读报”，而空后一句则提出了这么一个问题“所以你为什么要把钱给一个发达国家的乞丐，而不是给非洲挨饿的儿童呢”，据此可以判断，空处应该是对空前一句所讲的情况的评价，所以F项符合语境。4B考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“你想怎么花钱看起来都是合理的”，而空后两句则讲到了“如果我们的目的是使自己受益，那么给乞丐钱是不合适的。如果我们的目的是使他人受益，那么给乞丐钱也是浪费的”，据此可知，空处讲到的应是虽然这可能是真的，但我们应该明智地花钱，故B项符合

49、语境。5G考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了“想要帮助别人，我们不应该”，空处一般会讲到“我们应该”，再根据空后句意“为了实现这一目标，我们应该首先决定我们愿意花费多少钱去帮助他人，然后再去捐钱给效率最高的慈善机构”可知，G项符合语境。.完形填空(2021济南市模拟)My first and favorite hero is my dad. I still 1 times when he would stay up with me to watch those funny shows at midnight after a long day of tiring work. I felt 2 and

50、 excitement every time he came home from work with a toy in his hand， 3 but still willing to give me the world. And I also remember how my dad would go to the store and buy me a cartoonthemed cake 4 it wasnt my birthday because he knew how much I liked to 5 myself with cake.Our life 6 when my sister

51、 was born. She was sick. I couldnt 7 anything except the fact that my parents were 8 . My sister went through a long period of hospitalization，during which my mother was by her side the entire time. My dad assumed the 9 of my mom. I did everything with him, from sleeping in his bed because I was 10 at night, going to work with him every single day to complaining to him that I was hungry every day after school. Th