2012高三英语复习 缺乏把握文章细节的能力备考素材 北师大版

1、PAGE PAGE - 4 -用心 爱心 专心问题三：缺乏把握文章细节的能力【问题描述与分析】作者谋篇布局，无论其体裁、内容和行文风格如何不同，表现主题的主旨都需要无数个细节支撑，而细节理解题是高考阅读理解题中分量最重的题目，而很多学生或者找不到问题的着眼点，或者是错误理解细节，而导致基础分的丢失。【例】 Science cant explain the power of pets, but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure(血压) and raise chances o

2、f recovering from a heart attack, reduce loneliness and spread allround good cheer.Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some, an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress (紧张) levels and blood p

3、ressure in peoplehalf of them pet ownerswhile they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic (算术) or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone, with a husband/wife, a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change

4、 in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room, people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed (放松) around pets, says Allen, who thinks it may be because pets dont judge.A study reporte

5、d last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on dietandexercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without p

6、ets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about 11 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pounds, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise o

7、verallmostly with their dogsand found it worth doing. (2010全国卷)1We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if_.Ahe has a pet companionBhe has less stress of workChe often does mental arithmeticDhe is taken care of by his family解析：事实细节题。第一段说，很多研究表明，有宠物

8、陪伴能提高心脏病恢复的几率。由此可知A项正确。答案：A2According to Allen, why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?AThey have lower blood pressure.BThey become more patient.CThey are less nervous.DThey are in higher spirits.解析：事实细节题。第二段最后一句说，“艾伦说，有宠物陪伴的时候，人们会觉得更放松，这是因为宠物不会对其主人进行任何评价”，由此判断C项正确

9、，因为有宠物相伴的时候，人们就会觉得更放松。答案：C3The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that_.Apeople with dogs did more exerciseBdogs lost the same weight as people didCdogs liked exercise much more than people didDpeople without dogs found the program unhelpful解析：推理判断题。最后一段叙述最新的一项研究：去年秋季的一项研究表明，喂养宠物能提高你的精

10、神状态，还能有利于你的饮食习惯。从对比研究发现，喂养宠物的人比不喂养宠物的人减肥的重量不一定多，但是喂养者得到的锻炼更多。此题是细节理解题，这类题约占全部高考阅读理解的80%，而很多考生是由于对这种题型有畏难情绪，于是无法合理地找到细节的推理点，有时还会错误地理解个别词句的内容。答案：A【解决方案与复习指南】(1)常用提问方式：In the passage, which of the following is mentioned/Not mentioned?It is commonly accepted that.All the statements are true EXCEPT_.Choo

11、se the right order of the events given in the passage.The reason for.is that.How would you describe the end of.?Choose the right order of the events given in the following.Which of the following maps shows the right position of .?Which statement is True?What does the writer pay least attention to?(2

12、)解题方法平时训练应学会带着问题寻找答案的方法。将注意力集中在与who, what, when, where等问题有关的细节或数字方面。略读材料，大概了解文章，注意作者表例证的词或短语，如for example, for instance, that is to say, in fact, 等。按文章题材，预测到何处找自己需要的事实。把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节，找到后，放慢速度，细读要查找的内容，特别注意表因果或转折的词或短语，如because, for, since, as , therefore, and, as a result, but, however, while, thou

13、gh, yet, on the other hand, etc. 如：When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”. My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her, then there were baths, playing catch and many other games. Brownie, in

14、 return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.One day, as I was getting her food, she chewed up (咬破) one of Dads shoes, which had to be thrown away in the end. I

15、 knew Dad would be mad and I had to let her know what she did was wrong. When I looked at her and said, “Bad girl，” she looked down at the ground and then went and hid. I saw a tear in her eyes.Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet. She went everywhere with us. People would stop and

16、 ask if they could pet her. Of course shed let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when wed be out walking and a small child would come over and pull on her hair. She never barked (吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people be

17、cause they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she loved everyone.Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age. I still miss the days when she was with us. (2010全国卷)1What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?ALook at them sadly. BKeep them company.CPlay

18、games with them. DTouch them gently.解析：事实细节题。根据第一段倒数第二句话.she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.可知答案为B项。答案：B2We can infer from Paragraph 2 that Brownie_.Awould eat anything when hungryBfelt scary for her mistakeCloved playing hideandseekDdisliked the authors dad解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句，小狗挨骂之后she looked down at the ground.I saw a tear in her tears.可知小狗感到抱歉。故答案为B项。答案：B3Why does the author