《基础医学英语》

1、PAGE 基础医学英语教学大纲（供英文班临床麻醉影像专业使用） 锦州医科大学教务处二一六年六月PAGE - 43 -基础医学英语教学大纲 适用专业：英文班临床麻醉影像 总学时：28 理论学时： 28 实践学时：0 一、课程的性质和任务本课程为锦州医科大学医学各专业大学三年级的考查课。本课程的任务是使学生通过对专业英语的学习，通过精读和泛读一定数量的医学性科普文章，熟练掌握一定的医学专业词汇和医务人员的日常生活会话及扩大认知量，为阅读英文医学期刊、药品说明书、各种证明、病历等医院日常业务所涉及的英文书籍打下基础，培养学生运用专业英语的能力，侧重培养学生的阅读能力，同时为提高阅读速度和质量，为学生

2、进一步学习和运用专业英语打好基础，以达到培养应用型人才的教学目的。 二、相关课程的衔接本课程为非英语专业的考查课，是在已经学习了大学英语，即：新视野英语第1-4册或全新主题第1-4册之后所开设的课程。 三、教学的基本要求能够读懂医学性科普文章，熟练掌握一定的医学专业词汇和医务人员的日常生活会话及扩大认知量，为阅读英文医学期刊、药品说明书、各种证明、病历等医院日常业务所涉及的英文书籍打下基础。 四、学时分配（理论）章节教学内容学时Unit1 Holism3Unit2 The Musculoskeletal System3Unit3 The Nervous System3TranslationMe

3、dical English Translation3Review and Testing2Unit5 The Respiratory System3Unit11Cloning and Genes3Unit14Microbiology3WritingMedical English Writing3Review and Testing2合 计28 五、课程考核课程考试方式为考查。综合形成性评估和终结性评估考核结果，最终报告分数计算公式为：最终报告分数=平时（50%）+期末（50%）（填写要求：说明本课程所采用的考核方法，如闭卷、开卷，论文或设计等，如并用多种方法请说明分数分配的百分比例。） 六、教

4、材及主要参考书 （一）教科书1郝长江等著基础医学英语全一册青岛：中国海洋大学出版社, 2008.07（二）参考书电子课件、课文mp3文件及其它院校网络链接内容。链接地址：/?cat=107 七、教学内容（理论）Unit 1 Holism 整体医学【教学内容】 Part A Terminology 术语用法ExercisesPart B Text A Holistic MedicineWarm-upGroup discussion 【教学基本要求】 Part A TerminologyPrefix and its Meaning：前缀含义PrefixMeaning ExamplesQuality

5、mal-ill, bad, poorMalnutrition; maladjustmente.g. According to traditional Chinese medical theory, diseases are caused by the maladjustment of the qi, and of blood circulation.根据传统中医理论,疾病的产生常是气和血的循环失调所致。e.g. The weakening of social organizations, the maladjustment of children, and finally, crime, ha

6、d resulted.使社会组织削弱,孩子心理失调,最后,造成更多的人犯罪。PrefixMeaning ExamplesQuantityhypo-deficientHypocalcemia, hypothyroid e.g. Absorption of HF may cause hypocalcemia due to HFs fixation of blood calcium. Hyperkalemia may occur if severe hypocalcemia appears.hf的吸收会由于hf对血钙固定导致低血钙症。如果出现严重的低血钙症,就会发生血钾过多。e.g. Signifi

7、cant fluoride exposure via large burns, inhalation, or ingestion will require observation for hypocalcemia.大面积烧伤、吸入或摄入导致的严重氟化物暴露要求观察是否造成了血钙过少。 PrefixMeaning ExamplespositionRetro-Behind, backwardRetroversion，retrusion e.g. mandibular retrusion下颌后缩 e.g. They found dental retrusion in a otherwise bala

8、nced male skeletal pattern and the maxillary deficient profile in a otherwise balanced female skeletal pattern to be as attractive as the bimaxillary protrusive stimulus face.结论本研究有利于中外正畸医师在治疗中国患者时有所依据,以达到医患均满意的治疗效果。 PrefixMeaning Examplestypeauto-selfautologous e.g.Current prosthetic alternatives t

9、o autologous vascular bypass grafts remain poor in terms of patency and infection risk.然而就自体血管旁路移植术而言,由于移植后开放性感染的发生率较高,所以当前可供选择的替代移植物种类较少。 e.g. Ask your physician if newer tendinopathy treatments such as shockwave therapy, autologous blood injections or nitroglycerin patches are right for you.向你的医生咨

10、询如果新的治疗腱子病变衰退症的方法比如超声波疗法,自体移植式血液注射疗法或者是硝化甘油片疗法是否适合你。 Part BText A Holistic MedicineWarm-up：Background knowledge背景知识1 美国整体医学组织 HYPERLINK / /AHMA (American Holistic Medicine Association)History of the AHMAThe AHMA was founded in 1978 to unite licensed physicians who practice holistic medicine. It is o

11、ne of the oldest holistic medicine organizations of its kind, and many of todays national leaders in holistic medicine got their start as members of the AHMA. Since its first meeting in Denver, Colorado, the AHMA has continued to strive toward creating fellowship and collaboration among practitioner

12、s and those they work with - bringing an understanding of how the mind, the body and the spirit all have a part to play in healing.2 英国整体医学组织 HYPERLINK / /BHMA （British Holistic Medical Association）2.1 介绍英国整体医学的主要网站 HYPERLINK / t _blank The Bravewell Collaborative is a group of philanthropists who a

13、re supporting integrative medicine in American healthcare in such areas as preventive medicine, patient empowerment, nutrition, complementary modalities and medical training curriculum enhancement. HYPERLINK .uk/ t _blank .ukPrince Charles foundation for integrated medicine with a new revitalised lo

14、ok. HYPERLINK / t _blank /A holistic health community of individual practitioners, health centres, spas and retreats, training providers, stores, suppliers, professional organisations, media, students, and any other individuals or organisations with an active interest in holistic health and living.

15、HYPERLINK / t _blank A UK website that lists all holistic practitioners with the purpose of promoting holistic ideals and linking up with other like-minded souls. HYPERLINK t _blank A USA based organisation that promotes innovative models of healthcare that focus on healing and nurturing body, mind

16、and spirit, and has a more humanistic approach General medical2.2 介绍英国两所开设整体医学专业的学院A: Swansea College Holistic Therapy Diploma Level 3授予学位: 专业资格证书 课程长度: 3个月-1年 学习模式: 全日制 课程介绍: A one year full time course providing a comprehensive study in Aromatherapy, Reflexology and Swedish Massage. Students will

17、also achieve a level 3 Diploma in Business Essentials for a Therapist and Key Skills units. Students will study aromatherapy, reflexology, Swedish massage, anatomy and physiology, health and safety/legislation, interpersonal skills and British First Aid. Additional Units include: Indian Head Massage

18、, Diet & Nutrition. 录取要求: A course for 16 -18 year olds. Normally 5 GCSEs grade C or above. 开学日期 Sep/09 - To be confirmed B: Holistic Therapy for International Students Diploma (IIHHT) Coleg Glan Hafren Cardiff College International Holistic Therapy for International Students Diploma (IIHHT)授予学位: 专业

19、资格证书 授予机构: International Institute of Health & Holistic Therapies 课程长度: 3个月-1年 学习模式: 全日制 课程介绍: Students carry out practical training in the modern beauty clinic, which allows them to work with clients and models. The course includes:* Aromatherapy* Body Massage, Reflexology* Zone Therapy* Anatomy an

20、d Physiology* Business Studies and Legislation* Nutrition 录取要求: Mature, caring and professional attitude and a good standard of English 开学日期 Sep/09 - Full time 3 加拿大伯纳比整体医学专业学院 (PCU College of Holistic Medicine)该整体医学的主要目的是为学院的一个多文化，国内和国际社会，提供接受职业教育，培训和整体医学临床治疗。学院的主要目标是：1、为了扩大互补性和替代性保健计划阵列，成为加拿大最重要的整

21、体医学院校。2、为了保持我们的教学质量最高水平。3、多样化和扩大我们的学生人数。4、为了提高公众意识/有助于加拿大的医疗制度。Knowledge about Holistic Medicine整体医学的相关知识The Principles of Holistic MedicineOptimal Health is the primary goal of holistic medical practice. It is the conscious pursuit of the highest level of functioning and balance of the physical, en

22、vironmental, mental, emotional, social and spiritual aspects of human experience, resulting in a dynamic state of being fully alive. This creates a condition of well-being regardless of the presence or absence of disease. The Healing Power of Love. Holistic health care practitioners strive to meet t

23、he patient with grace, kindness, acceptance, and spirit without condition, as love is lifes most powerful healer. Whole Person. Holistic health care practitioners view people as the unity of body, mind, spirit and the systems in which they live. Prevention and Treatment. Holistic health care practit

24、ioners promote health, prevent illness and help raise awareness of dis-ease in our lives rather than merely managing symptoms. A holistic approach relieves symptoms, modifies contributing factors, and enhances the patients life system to optimize future well-being. Innate Healing Power. All people h

25、ave innate powers of healing in their bodies, minds and spirits. Holistic health care practitioners evoke and help patients utilize these powers to affect the healing process. Integration of Healing Systems. Holistic health care practitioners embrace a lifetime of learning about all safe and effecti

26、ve options in diagnosis and treatment. These options come from a variety of traditions, and are selected in order to best meet the unique needs of the patient. The realm of choices may include lifestyle modification and complementary approaches as well as conventional drugs and surgery. Relationship

27、-centered Care. The ideal practitioner-patient relationship is a partnership which encourages patient autonomy, and values the needs and insights of both parties. The quality of this relationship is an essential contributor to the healing process. Individuality. Holistic health care practitioners fo

28、cus patient care on the unique needs and nature of the person who has an illness rather than the illness that has the person. Teaching by Example. Holistic health care practitioners continually work toward the personal incorporation of the principles of holistic health, which then profoundly influen

29、ce the quality of the healing relationship. Learning Opportunities. All life experiences including birth, joy, suffering and the dying process are profound learning opportunities for both patients and health care practitioners. A novel related to Holistic Medicine About the Author:C. Bailey-Lloyd/La

30、dyCamelot is the Public Relations Director & Writer for Holistic JunctionHolistic Medicine involves natural treatment options like holistic nutrition, herbology, environmental medicine, energy work, mind-body medicine, anatomy, and many other holistic medicine practices.Holistic medicine allows an i

31、ndividual to be treated naturally and establishes a positive balance between body, mind and spirit. Holisitc medicine encourages self-healing. Holistic medicine promotes detoxification by utilizing cleansing herbs. Holistic medicine also teaches nutritional guidelines that enhances proper diet and l

32、ongevity. Furthermore, holistic medicine means utilizing recommended vitamins, minerals and other nutritional supplements to make ones body function more effectively.Holistic medicine encompasses preventative and maintenance programs. But it also enables us to learn alternative healing methods like

33、Yoga, Reiki, Tai Chi, acupressure, acupuncture, herbal and plant remedies and so much more. There are well over 100 medical conditions like cancer, migraines, chronic fatigue syndrome and many others that can be helped with holistic medicine today. In modern society, there are countless advantages t

34、o holistic medicine. If you or someone you know is interested in learning about the benefits of holistic medicine or would like to contact a holistic medicine practitioner, Holistic Junction has a directory listing of many, professional holistic medicine specialists. Simply go to Directories, click

35、on Business Directories and well help you find one close to you.Group discussion：Whats your idea of health? What do you know about holistic health?（注明了解、熟悉、掌握的知识点）【重点与难点】 Grasp of medical vocabularies掌握医学专业词汇Key words in the vocabulary:Hypnosis hipnusis n. 催眠状态例句:The theory or practice of inducing h

36、ypnosis.催眠术引导睡眠的理论及实践holistichulistik adj. 整体的，全盘的例句:Holistic medicine; holistic ecology.全身治疗的药物; 注重整体的生态学encompass inkmps vt. 围绕(包围，拥有，完成)例句:Encompassing on all sides; surrounding.围绕的围住每一边的; 包围的The prison is encompassed by high walls.监狱被高墙围绕着。The general arts course at the university encompasses a

37、wide range of subjects.大学文科包括的科目非常广泛。complication kmplikein; kmplkein n. 复杂，并发症，纠纷例句:I have enough complication in my life.我生活里的麻烦已经够多了。A further complication was his refusal to travel by air.更麻烦的是他不肯坐飞机旅行。Complications set in, and the patient died.病人因出现并发症而死亡。 modalitymudliti; mudlti n. 样式，形式，形态医学药

38、征 生理学感觉There are two models of multi-modality treatment for advanced cancer: western medicine multi-modality and traditional Chinese medicine multi-modality. 晚期癌症综合治疗的模式可以分为以化疗为主的西医综合治疗模式和以中医药为主的中医药综合治疗模式。 optimalptml adj. 最佳的，最理想的例句:The ergonomics of the new office were felt to be optimal.新办公室工效设计因

39、素感觉十分理想intravenousintrvi:ns; intrvi:ns adj. 静脉的，静脉注射的Clinical Efficacy of Intravenous Drip in Small Transfusion Bottle Replacing Intravenous Injection小密封瓶滴注替代静脉推注给药效果观察 rehabilitation ri:hbilitein;ri:hbiltein n. 复原例句:The study, theory, and practice of prison management and criminal rehabilitation.刑狱

40、学一种对刑罚典狱和监狱管理的研究、实践和理论hygienehaidi:n n. 卫生(学)例句:People should wash regularly to ensure personal hygiene.人们应经常洗澡以保证个人卫生。In the interests of hygiene, please do not smoke in the shop.为健康着想，请不要在本店吸烟。equilibriumi:kwilibrim;i:kwlibrim n. 平衡，均衡例句:The equilibrium of force must be established in Europe.必须确立欧

41、洲的均势。An influence or force tending to produce equilibrium; counterpoise.平衡力趋向于产生平衡的影响或力量; 平衡、均衡Unit 2 The Musculoskeletal System 骨骼肌系统【教学内容】 Part A Terminology 术语ExercisesPart BText AWarm-upGroup discussion What is the musculoskeletal system composed of?What are the functions of the musculoskeletal

42、system?【教学基本要求】 Part A TerminologyStems /Affixes and its Meaning 前缀含义Stems/affixesMeaningExamplesarthr(o)-j=joint(articulation)arthritisE.g. My left knee acts up in damp weather. Her arthritis is acting up again.我的左膝一到阴湿天气就犯病。她的关节炎又犯了。E.g. The treatment of certain diseases, especially rheumatoid art

43、hritis, with gold compounds.金疗法用金的化合物治疗某些疾病，如风湿性关节炎。E.g. She was plagued with arthritis. 她患关节炎十分痛苦。brachi(o)-armbrachiumE.g. brachium: The part of the upper arm or forelimb extending from the shoulder to the elbow. 肱,上臂:从肩至肘之间的上臂部分或前肢。 cervic(o)-necknervicalE.g. Application of the cervical back musc

44、le trainer in the cervical back muscle exercise项背肌功能锻炼颈椎康复器的临床应用E.g. Function: Tightenes unwanted cervical flesh, increases cervical elasticity, promotes lymphatic metabolism and eliminates redundant fat.功效:收紧颈部多余赘肉,增强颈部韧性,促进淋巴代谢,排除多余脂肪。 crani(o)-skull cranialE.g. Craniosynostosis is the term that d

45、esignates premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures that causes severe cranial deformities.颅缝早闭症是指单一或多个颅缝过早闭合所引起的影响大脑发育和功能的严重先天性疾病。 E.g. Cranial nerve tutorial. Fundamental information about the cranial nerves.大脑神经导引:脑神经的基本资讯。femorfemurfemoralE.g. X-ray film of her right hip showed evidence of

46、 a subcapital comminuted fracture of the femoral neck with displacement. An internal prosthetic replacement of the femoral head was advised. After application of traction and proper medication, her condition sx线片显示右股骨头下部粉碎性骨折兼移位。建议行人工股骨头内修复置换术。经用药物及牵引治疗后症状减轻。 E.g. X-ray film of her right hip showed

47、evidence of a subcapital comminuted fracture of the femoral neck with displacement. An internal prosthetic replacement of the femoral head was advised.x线片显示右股骨头下部粉碎性骨折兼移位。建议行人工股骨头内修复置换术。fibr(o)- fiberfibrousE.g. fibrous, membranous, or fatty sheath that encloses an organ or part, such as the sac sur

48、rounding the kidney or the fibrous tissues that surround a joint.被膜,囊似纤维的,呈膜状或含很多脂肪的套,内包有一个器官或部位,如包裹着肾的囊或包裹着一个关节的纤维状组织 E.g. Conclusion: The osteo-fibrous apertures, osteo-fibrous canal and the tendinous decussating fibers of the nuchal muscles passed through by cervical dorsal rami might be the anat

49、omic basis of the cervical dorsal rami compression syndrome.结论:颈神经后支穿行的骨纤维孔、纤维管及项部肌肉的腱性交叉纤维是造成颈神经后支卡压的解剖学基础。 kyph(o)-humpbackkyphosisE.g. characteristic of or suffering from kyphosis.具有驼背的特点或者患有驼背症。 E.g. A 16-year-old male with Scheuermann kyphosis of up to 45 degrees involving the levels from T10 t

50、o L3 underwent spine correction operation.本篇报告一位16岁男性脊柱后突患者,胸椎第十一节至腰椎第三节角度高达45度。 lumb(o)-loin (lower back) lumbarE.g. The main injured parts included prolapse of lumbar intervertebral, muscles of waist and back myofascitis, epiphysitis of lumbar spine, malposition of lumbar spine and lumbar muscle s

51、train.结果表明:97.5%的运动员患有腰部损伤,100%的运动员表示有过不同程度的腰部疼痛;发病率前5位的损伤部位是腰椎间盘突出、腰椎峡部裂、棘突偏歪、腰椎错位和腰肌劳损;损伤多发生在重要赛事前准备期。 E.g. Results 6 cases lied in spinl canal between third and fourth lumbar, 29 cases lied in spinal canal between fourth and fifth lumbar, 15 cases lied between fifth lumbar and first sacrum.结果椎管狭窄

52、位于l3,4平面6例,l4,5水平者29例,位于l5,s1平面者15例。E.g. The causes of sciatica include: prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc; spinal canal stenosis of the lumbar vertebra and lumbar hyperosteogeny.是指位于下腰部的坐骨神经,受到外力的压迫而产生后下腰部疼痛并反射到病侧下肢的情形。 pelv(i)pelvic(cavity)pelvicE.g. Both pelvic and thoracic sling restraints ar

53、e used.用吊带约束髋部和胸部。 E.g. Deformities of the pelvic girdle in females may lead to difficulties in child-birth many years later.妇女骨盆带变形,在以后分娩时会产生困难。tendin(o)tendontendonitise.g. Hargreaves wont be playing at all on the tour, said Ferguson. Its just tendonitis. Its becoming an irritant rather than a big

54、 problem.随着离新赛季开幕还有不到两周时间,以及保罗斯科尔斯也在受伤病困扰,弗格森爵士将会尽力让他的新弟子恢复健康。 e.g. You can get tendonitis.你会得肌腱炎的 -trophygrowthhypertrophyE.g. Certain other cardiovascular disorders cause right ventricular hypertrophy.某些其他心血管病,导致右心室肥大。 E.g. Hypertrophy also allows the abnormally high pressure to be developed by a

55、greater number of myofibrils.肥厚也可使大量肌纤维产生异常高的压力。 E.g. hypertrophy of certain body parts (usually legs and scrotum); the end state of the disease filariasis.身体的某个部分(腿或阴囊)过于肥大。ExercisesI Give the meaning for the following affixes or stems and provide one example for each. II Choose the definition from

56、 Column B that best matches the stem or affix in Column A.III Translate the following words and phrases into English.【重点与难点】1) Grasp of medical vocabularies: subject to 易受 . 影响的，屈服于 . 的，让步于 .例句:Peasants used to be subject to the local landowner.农民过去受地主的压迫。Trains are subject to delay(s) after the hea

57、vy snowfalls.一下大雪火车就往往误点。We are subject to many influences.我们都受著多方的影响。with regard to 关于，至于例句:A person considered with regard to his or her credit or reliability in discharging debts.有良好信用的人，有支付能力的人被认为是在还债方面守信或可靠的人I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.对於你的投诉，我无可奉告。Do you have all you n

58、eed? 你所需的设备都有了吗?account for vt. (在数量方面)占，说明(原因等), 对 . 负责例句:Please account for your disgraceful conduct.对你的可耻行为请作解释。He has been asked to account for his conduct.他被要求解释他的行为。Hell have to account for where every cent goes.他得说明所花掉的每一分钱的用途。experience n. 经历，经验; vt. 经历，体验例句:It was the most educational exper

59、ience I had ever had.这是我有过的教育意义最大的一次经历。We learn from the past, experience the present and hope for success in the future.我们从过去中学习，体验现在，展望未来的成功。I know from my own experience how difficult the work can be.从我自己的经验我明白这项工作会有多难。occupy kjupai vt. 占领，占用，占据，使忙碌，使从事例句:Her time is fully occupied with her three

60、 children.她的时间全部用在她的三个孩子身上了。How does he occupy himself now hes retired? 他既已退休，那如何打发日子呢？The striking office workers have occupied the whole building.罢工的办公室人员占据了整座建筑物。transmit vt. 传输，传送，代代相传，传达; vi. (以无线电或有线电的方式)发送信号例句:The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries.世界杯决赛现在正向五十多个