浅谈英语谚语的来源、功能及其修辞

1、浅谈英语谚语的来源、功能及其修辞abstratprverbs,inlrfulandvividlanguage,refletiprtanttypialulturalvaluesfeveryulture.sipleandppular,niseandpithy,theyarepassednfrgengeratintgeneratininthereadableralfrandhavegraduallybeeapnentindispensabletthedinantulturefthatnatin.thispaperntainsthreeparts:thesuresfenglishprverbs、the

2、funtinsfenglishprverbsandtherhetrialdeviesfenglishprverbs.firstly,itintrduesthesuresfenglishprverbs.prverbshavealnghistry.theyarebriefandell-plishedexpressinsebeddedinphilsphialideasnerningdifferentaspetsflife.theyarethesuaryfpepleexperieneineverydaylife,stheyriginatedfrpeplesdailylifeandexperiene.t

3、bespeifi,theyefrflklife,religin,ythlgy,literaryrks,therlanguages,fausritersisd,anatinshistryandsn.sendly,itentinsthefuntinfenglishprverbs.itsfuntinistteahandadvisepeplehattheyseeintheirlives.anyenglishprverbsguidepepletadptarretattitudetardslifeandttakeaprperaytgetalngelliththers.setherprverbstellpe

4、plehattdandhtdit,stheprverbsguidepeplesdailylife.frthe,pepleaybradentheirknledgeandutlk.thirdly,itdesribestheirrhetrialdevies.englishprverbsarerihandlrful.ithregardttheeverlastingharftheenglishprverbs,thereareanydifferentreasns.thestiprtantneistheextensiveusefrhetrialdeviesandrhythatialays,stheirlan

5、guageisfullfiageandvividnessandhasastrngartistibeautyandper.keyrdsenglishprverbs；sures；funtins；rhetrialdevies【摘要】谚语丰富多彩，生动隽永，反映了每个民族追崇的重要而独特的文化价值观。谚语简单通俗，精辟凝练，尤其以朗朗的口语形态承传沿用，渐渐成为民族主流文化不可缺少的一局部。这篇论文包含三个局部：英语谚语的来源，英语谚语的功能及其修辞。第一局部是介绍英语谚语的来源，英语谚语源远流长，是人类日常生活经历的结晶。它来源于日常生活与经历，确切地说，来源于民间生活，宗教，神话，文学著作，其他语

6、言，名人名言以及国家历史等。第二局部是介绍英语谚语的功能，谚语的功能是教育和指导人们在日常生活中所遇到的情况，同时它们引导人们采取正确的态度对待生活。从谚语中，人们可以拓宽自己的知识面，防止出错，具有敏锐的观察力的人从中受益非浅。第三局部是介绍英语谚语的修辞：英语谚语丰富多彩，具有永久的魅力，其原因之一就是应用了大量的修辞格和押韵方法，这就使谚语更形象，生动并具有强烈的艺术美和感染力。【关键词】英语谚语；来源；功能；修辞格1.intrdutinprverbsareshrtsayingsfflkisdfell-knnfatsrtruthspendiusexpressedandinaaythata

7、kestheeasytreeber.beausetheprverbsaresbrief,theyhaveuniversalappeal.anypeplelvetpikupprverbs.theusefnertintheriginallanguageisftenainrvitryfrthebeginningfreignlanguagelearners.prverbsayprvideinterestinglittleglipsesrluestapeplesgegraphy,histry,sialrganizatin,sialvies,andattitudes.peplehlivealngseaas

8、tsandhselivelihdisdependentntheseaillhaveprverbsabutsailing,abutbravingtheeather,abutfishandfishing.inultureshereldageisrevered,thereillbeprverbsabuttheisdftheelders.andinsietieshereensstatusisl,thereillbeanuberfsayingsdeeaningthe.prverbstelluhabutapeplestraditinalaysfexperieningreality,abuttheprper

9、rexpetedaysfdingthings,abutvaluesandarnings,andrulesandisdstheeldersanttipressntheindsftheiryung.theiprtantharaterfprverbstheshrterthebetterakesiteasytittheteryfrreadyreallhentheasinallsfrseriusrhurusentrarning.reatedbypepleinhighandlstatus,hubleflkandgreatauthrs,brredfranientrneighbringultures,prve

10、rbshavebeenauulatingveranyenturies.searenlylallyknn;anyaresharedarundtherld.ifneantsthavebetterknledgefenglishulture，heshuldbefailiariththesuresandfuntinsfenglishprverbs.2.thesuresfenglishprverbs2.1riginatingfrflklifeprverbsarethesuaryfpepleexperieneintheireverydaylife.thesuarizedexperieneandreasnar

11、eabstratedfrthepratiefpepleslifeandrk.theyexpresspeplessipleandhealthythughts,feelingsandsentients.reftenthannt,itrevealsauniversaltruthfrapartiularpintsastenlightenpeple.agreatnuberfprverbserereatedbyrkingpeplesuhasseaen,hunters,farers,rken,huseivesandksandsn,usingfailiartersthatereassiatediththeir

12、ntradesandupatins.frexaple,livingithuttheaiislikesailingithutapassasfirstusedbyseaen;ifyurunafterthares,yuillathneitherbyhunters;aprilrainsfrrn,ay,frgrassbyfarers;nebrseepsleanbyhuseivesandtanyksspilthebrthbyks,et.suhexpressinsereallllquialandinfralandnenfinedtaliitedgrupfpepleengagedinthesaetradera

13、tivity.buttheyereprvedtbevivid,andfribleandstiulating,slatertheybrkeutftheirbundsandgraduallygainedideaeptane.asaresult,theirearlystylistifeaturesfadedinseayandanyhaveetbeepartfthenreflanguage,nbeingusedindifferentasins.seprverbsarerelatedtseflkpratieandusts.frexaple,gdineneedsnbush.1thisprverbisfra

14、hepast,englishineerhantstendedthangseivybushesrapiturefivybushesntheirdrsasasyblfineselling.butseerhantsineassgdthatitantbeignredithutsign.thisinfatshsthepastnpratiethaterhantsfdifferenttradesuldhangdifferentpartiularthingsassignsfrtheirgds.antherexapleisinvlvedithpeple

15、seddingpratie.englishpeplebelievedthatiftheeathererefineandsunnynagirl-eddingday,thegirluldstprbablyenjyahappyarriagelife.therise,allsrtsfisfrtunesandtragediesuldbefallnher.beausefthisust,hepast,yu

16、nggirlsdidnthavetherighttdeidehtarry.theirparentshadthefinaldeisinintheirarriage.usually,theparentsuldaskaathakerfrhelp.theathakerentbeteentfailiesandpassedntheessages.finally,thegirlsparentsadethefinaldeisinhetherthegirluldarrythehsenbyrnt.thisisknnasarrangedarriage.suhaarriage,reftenthannt,uldlead

17、theupletanunhappylife.beausetheyseldrevenneversaeahtherbefre,theykneevenlittleabutthetherpartysbehavirranners,letalnehis/hepast,englishpeplebelievedtha

18、tifapersnspiledsaltfrthesaltbttle,urn,englishpeplehavegttheprverbhelpetsaltandyuhelpetsrr.3seprverbsefrpeplesdistintinbeteensexessuhastheirdisriinatinagainsten.itesfradeeplyrtedtraditinalviepint.s

19、uhasthreeenandagseakeaarket;lnghairandshrtit;thereenlkintheirglass，thelesstheylkttheirhuse.2.2riginatingfrreliginbibleisessentialfrbritishandaerianultures.itissaidthattheirulturesarentintegratedithutbible.itissafetsaythatbibleinflueneseveryaspetfitsdisipleslife.nsequently,anysayingsandsentenesinbibl

20、ehavebeenppularlyaepted.theyhavebeendeeplyrtedangpepleandpeplefrequentlyusethetiteatruthrexpresstheirideasithutpayinganyattentinttheirriginsanyre.thesesayingsarenlngernlynfinedtreliginandtheyhavebeeprverbshihrefletenglishpeplereligiusfaithsuhaseveryanustarryhisnrssthisprverbisfrbible,atthe,nthegrund

21、sfatthe,theainideaislikethis:“asthesldiersentut,theyaeupnaanfryrenenaedsin;theypelledthisantarryjesusrss.andhentheyaetaplaealledglgtha(hiheansplaefaskull),theyfferedjesusinetdrink,ixedithgall;buthenhetastedit,heuldntdrinkit.andhentheyhadruifiedhi,theydividedhislthesangtheselvesbyastinglts;thentheysa

22、tdnthereandkeptathingverhi.verhisheadtheyputthehargeagainst,hihread,“thisisjesus,thekingfthejes.4frthis,eanknthatrsseanssufferings.theprverbtendsttellusthateveryneshuldputupithiseryindailylifeandundertakethelifesburden.antherprverbisalsfrthebible:nedesntlivenlybybread.itisfrthebible,deuterny，thegene

23、ralideais:“reeberthelngaythatthelrdyurgdhasledyuthesefrtyyearsintheilderness,inrderthubleyu,testingyutknhatasinyurheart,hetherrntyuuldkeephisandents.hehubledyubylettingyuhunger,thenbyfeedingyuithanna,ithhihneitheryunryuranestrsereaquainted,inrdertakeyuunderstandthatnedesntlivebybreadalne,butbyeveryr

24、dthatesfrtheuthfthelrd.5frthis,eanknthataterialisntthenlythingthatisindispensableten.spiritisalsveryiprtant.isneisnlysearhedfraterial,heillbensideredasanials,frthestdistintiveharateristibeteenenandanialsisthatenhavepursuitfspiritbutanialshavent.anyiagesintheseprverbshavedidatieanings.englishpeplebel

25、ieveinhristianity,hihisbyfarthestinfluentialreliginintheest.everyaspetfanslifeistuhedbythisreligin,sthatithasbeepartfesternulture.andthebible,hihinludestheldtestaentandthenetestaent,isregardedasthesriptures.alsteveryfailyhasaversinfbible,sithasetbeneftheajrsuresfenglishulture.anyenglishprverbsshthed

26、trinesftheirreligin.frexaple,letntthylefthandknhatthyrighthanddeth.6ardingtthedtrinesfbible:allhuanbeingsarebrthersandsisters,andtheyshuldhelpeahther.shenyugivehandstthers,neverkeeptheerythatyuhavehelpedthe.antherexaple,iftheblindleadtheblind,bthshallfallintthedith.7itipliesthatifnehaslittleknledge,

27、itisdiffiultfrhitteahthersseusefulthings.evenifhetriedthelpthers,heulddnthinggdtthe.2.3riginatingfrliteraryrksanyenglishprverbsinvlveeventsrharatersfenglishliterature,espeiallyfrshakespeare.shakespearesinsightinthuanbeings,hissensitivityttheprblefstate,andhisgeniusithrdshaveleftaneverlastingarknthee

28、nglishlanguageandthethinkingfenglish-speakingpepleallvertherld.nativespeakersfenglishqutehisrkseveryday,ftenithutrealizingtheyaredings.althughhisplaysererittenverthreehundredyearsag,anyenglishprverbsfrhisplaysareitednlyindailyenglish.shakespearesrksareprbablythestlrfulliteratureriginfprverbs.frexapl

29、e,allisntgldthatglitters.thisprverbisfrthegreatrksfshakespearetheerhantsfvenie.itshsusthatthsehhaveagdappearanearentreallylearned.seshuldbearefulnttbedeeivedbythseharesuperfiiallyflashybutithutsubstane.antherexaple,patieneperfreisediinefraaddg8isfrshakespearesrksantnyandlepatra.ittellsusthatthsehann

30、tendureanythinguldlsehisteperlikesaaddg.anyenglishprverbsarealsfrthefablesfaesp.theseprverbsareveryniseandhurus,andtheyreflettheesseneandthetrueeaningflife.itisveryeasyfrpepletunderstandtheandtputtheintpratie.anyfthearepasseddntilltday.frexaple,theaelgingtseekhrns,lsthisears.9thegeneralideaftheallus

31、inis:ashedffhishrnsinfrntfaael.theaelasenviusfshrns,sherequestedzeustgiveapairfhrnsthi.zeusasveryangry,beausehethughtthattheaelasgreedytaskfrhrnsithhisshugebdy.atlast,headeadeisinthathelettheaelhavehrnsbutiththestfuttingffapartfhisears.thisprverbtellsusthatifneisgreedytupyeverything,heillbepunishedb

32、yhisgreed.antherprverbisalsfrthefablesfaesp.“thegrapesaresur,asthefxsaidhenheuldntreahthe.10theallusin,hihthisprverbaefr,isgenerallylikethis:neday,ahungryfxsaaltfripegrapeshangingnthegrapevine.hebeathisbrainshardbutuldntfindaaytpikthegrapes.thehungrierhefelt,theangrierhegt.finally,hegaveup.inrdertfr

33、thiself,“thegrapesaresur,thefxsaidhilealkingaay.nadays,pepleidelyuseittexpressthatsenehantsttakehldfsethingithallhiseffrtbutfailstgetitilllerthevaluefthisthing.therearealstherprverbs,suhas:abarleyrnisbetterthanadiandtak.11theallusinsainideais:henahungrykassearhedfrfd,hesaadiand.theksaidtthediand:“ts

34、enehadiresyu,yuareapreiusthing;butte,yuhavenvalueatall,frallvaluablethinganntathithabarley-rn.indeed,ardingturnsense,adiandisfarrevaluablethanabarley-rn.buttahungryan,espeiallytsenehneedsgrainsbadly,heuldhsegrainsbutnttreasure,frtreasureanntsatisfyhisstah.sthisprverbtendstiplythatdifferentpeplehaved

35、ifferentviesnthesaething.thesubittingtnerngbringsnanther.12theallusin,hihthisprverbaefr,isgenerallylikethis:asnakeasftenriddendnbypeple,sheplainedittzeus.zeustldhithatifhebitsenehfirstlytraplednhi,thenextneuldnttraplehi.itshsthatifneputupiththeistakeheadeatthefirsttie,heillakeanthersiilaristake.sesh

36、uldgainalessnfrtheabveallusinsastavidakingthesaeistakes.2.4riginatingfrgreekandranythlgy“esternersareheirstgre-ranivilizatin.anyideasnprevailinginesternuntriesanbetraedbaktthethinkersinanientgreeeandran.greekandranythlgiesareellknnintheestandhavebeardnastrnginflueneupnpepleslivesinesternuntries.itis

37、naturalthatitbeesansurefenglishprverbs.13seprverbsarefrgreekandranythlgy.eahfthehasanallusin.frexaple,thedevilthasahillesheel.14ardingttheher,eankn:ahillesasagreekher.exepthisheel,everypartfahillesbdyissrdprf,shisheelishisfataldefet.theprverbtellsusthateventhedevilhashiseakness.nanisabslutelyperful.

38、thereisasiilarexaplefrranythlgy.ntevenherulesuldntendagainstt.15herules,asnfzeus,asaherinranythlgy.hehadinrediblefre,hihhelpedhigaintelveheriahieveents.althughheasperfulenugh,heuldntdefeatalargenuberfeneiesnhisn.stheprverbstellsusthatansenergyisliitednatterhperfulheis.antherexaple,ithuteresandbahus,

39、venusgrsld.16eresisrangddessfgrainandagriulture;bahusisthegreetgdfine;venusisthegddessfbeautyandlve.frthis,eanknthateresandbahusstandfrbasineessityflife.stheprverbtendstexpressthatlveantbeseetithutaterialsupprt.2.5riginatingfrtherlanguagesiththedevelpentfsiety,alanguageanntavidntatingiththerlanguage

40、hentat,theertainlanguagesurelyabsrbsseprverbsfrthers.ithalnghistry,englishlanguagebrredalargenuberfprverbsidelyfranytherlanguagesinludinggreek,latin,geran,italian,spanish,duth,hebre,arabi,hinese,andtherlanguages,anghihlatin,greekandfrenhprvidetherihestnutritin.stfthebrredprverbsinenglish,duetth

41、eretenessftie,havealreadyassiilatedrergedinttheenglishlanguageiththeirtraesalstipssibletfll.anyenglishprverbsriginatedfrfrenh.17illia,dukefnrandy,frane,landedhisightyaryatpevensyanddefeatedsaxnkingharldsennearhastings.illiaasrnedaskingfengland,andthenhepeneddrstthentinentandextendedultureanderialrel

42、atinsithfrane.nran-franeulture,languageandarhitetureereintrdued.thenquerrsruledenglandinalngperidftie,andstfthegvernrsusedfrenhastheirfrallanguage.althughenglandfinallynhersvereignty,thereerestillanybrredrdsfrfranereained.espeially,englishpepleaeptedanyfrenhsayings.frexaple,dntputtheartbefrethehrse;

43、ventureasallfishtathagreatne;ifthelinsskinannt,thefxsshall.anyenglishprverbsaefrlatin.18beauseftheintrdutinfhristianityintbritain,theinfluenefthenrannquestandtherenaissanenenglish,latinrdshadadetheirayinttheenglishlanguage.angtheselatinrdstherealsinludedanyprverbs,hihgainedideaeptanefenglishpeple.su

44、has:frtunefavrsthebrave;hehsayshathelikes,shallhearhathedesntlike;ifearthegreeks,evenhenbringinggifts;thereisnruleithutanexeptinandsn.2.6riginatingfrfausritersisdfausritersprvidedneftherihestsuresfrenglishprverbs,hihisnlynextttheprverbsfflkrigin.ealsansaythatstprverbs,regardlessftheirinitial,havebee

45、nplishedandpreservedandppularizedbyfausritersintheirrks.itisgenerallyagreedthatsuhfausritersasban,ppe,franklinandsnntributedquitealttthereatin,preservatinandppularizatinfenglishprverbs.banisadistinguishedenglishphilspherandriter.heisntedfrastylefthrughexpsitinandalternativeaxis.anysentenesinbansrksh

46、avebeegldensayingandprevailedangpeple.frexaple,readingakesafullantellspeplethatnlybyreadinganapersnbeelearnedandprfund.antherprverbknledgeisperephasizestheiprtanefknledgeandenuragespepletstudyreandlearnre.ppeisantherelebratedfigureinenglishliterature.heephasizeseduatinandknledgeveryuh.sesentenesfrhi

47、srkshavebeenaeptedbythereadersandbeedeeplyrtedangpeple.takealittlelearningisadangerusthingfrexaple.thisdidatiprverbisasenteneinppeanessaynritiisanditrefletshisideasabutknledgeandlearning.benjainfranklinisafausaerianstatesan,sientistandriter.anysayingsfrhisrksereidelyaeptedandenlightenpeple.frexaple,

48、littlestrkefellgreataks.19ittellsusthatnenevergivinguppursuingknledge,beausenlythseharestrng-indedanbehighlyintelletual.antherexaple,gdhelpthethathelptheselves.20ittendsttellusthatslngasnevaluesself-relianeandindependene,heanreatepprtunities,seekpetitinandbereadyfrtherisks.3.thefuntinfenglishprverbs

49、herrds,stenglishprverbspssessphilsphidepthrinstrutivefuntin.frthusandsfyearstheyhavebeeninstrutingandinspiringenglishpeple,stheyhavebeenregardedastheguidelinefpeplesthughtsanddeeds,hiheansenglishpeplearethinkingr

50、dingthingsbyfllingthediretinftheirprverbseithernsiuslyrunnsiusly.englishprverbshavebeeaniprtantsuresfinspiratinjustbeausetheyntaintruth,isd,unsel,rulefndut,et.fllingillentintfuntinsfenglishprverbs.3.1thefuntintadviseseprverbsareintendedtpersuadeandteahpeple.tpersuadeistpraisejustie,tfightagainsttheb

51、ully.tteahistguidepepletadptarretattitudetardslife,ttakeaprperaytgetalngelliththers.frexaple,betterdieithhnrthanliveithshae;dnthavelaktakehenitbeginstrain.suhprverbssundveryfirandresluteandtheyanstrengthenpeplenvitinandaakenpeplensiusnessfliferbettertheirthinkingethds.theyareveryhelpfulfrpepletakedi

52、stintinbeteenrightandrng,tbelearabuthattlveandhatthate.beausetheyaregdfrpeplesself-ultivatinandtheyanallfrdeepthught,anypepletaketheseprverbsastheirlifett.setherprverbsrevealandritiizethedarksideftheagesrsiety.theyattakthedirtypratiesfthesietysastreindpepletkeepnsiusandaintainsharparning.frexaple,th

53、efxhangeshisskin,butnthishabit;alepardannthangeitsspts.pepletendtreitesuhprverbshentheyaredislsingtheevilinthesietyrhentheyarereindingtherstkeepalert.3.2thefuntintspreadexperienesandknledgeanyprverbssuarizeknledgefpeplesdailylifesuhasthebestineesutfanldvessel;sftfireakesseetalt.aspeplesdailylifeispl

54、iatedandextreelytrifling,suhprverbsarenuerus.theysuarizepeplesknledgeintheirlifeandtheytellpeplehattdandhtdit.theyarejustlikeanenylpediatguidepeplesdailylife.frthe,pepleaybradentheirknledgeandutlksastavidakingistakes.seprverbsfthistypearenernedithapartiularfield,likefarerprverbsandeterlgialprverbs.p

55、easantsfdifferentages,intheirveryearsrk,pratieandprvethefaringexperieneandprdutiverules.frgeneratintgeneratin,theysuuptheirexperieneandthefaringrulesintsevivid,niseandlivelysentenes.thesesentenesarefarerprverbsandtheyarepratiedandtestifiedyearafteryearandtheyhavebeenprvedtrueandaurate.theyrefletthep

56、easantsfaringexperieneandagriulturallaandshtherkingpeplesisd.farerprverbsareapreiusandvaluablepartfagriulturaldata.peasantsfdifferentageshaveseftheasguideintheirfaring.andeterlgialprverbs,hihsuarizethefundaentaleterlgialknledgefgeneratins,arealsabighelpinpeplelife.frexaple,aprilshersbringfrthayflers

57、;aldayandaindyakesafullbarnandafindy;dryaugustandardesharvestnhar;afairdayininteristhetherfastr;aistyrningayhaveafineday;ludyrningsturntlearevenings.4.therhetrialdeviesfenglishprverbsifesaythephilsphirinstrutiveaspetfenglishprverbsisagdhelptthepeple,theneanalssaythattheartistiraesthetiaspetfenglishp

58、rverbsisaelerantthatattratspeplesattentintakefullusefthe.englishprverbsarealaysterse,figurativeandithpleasantsundeffet,hihaketheeasyterizeandpleasanttears.fllingeilldisusstherhetrialdeviesfenglishprverbs.4.1repetitin1sundinbdy,sundinind.2flslearnnthingfriseen,butiseenlearnuhfrfls.3nebyisaby,tbyshalf

59、aby,threebysnby.4aiseanthinksallthathesays;aflsaysallthathethinks.frtheabveexaples,eanfindthattherepeatedrdrideahasareinfringeffet.iththerepetitinfthesaerdinlsesuessin,eayntiethattheainpintfthesentenebeeslear.itanalsbeusedtexpressstrngetinandgiveusanaesthetifeelingandasenseflgialprgressinfideas.214.

60、2phnlgy4.2.1alliteratin5hehakesnstantplaintsgetslittlepassin.6afairfaeayhideafulheart.7thefairestflerssnestfade.8tieandtideaitfrnan.frtheabveexaples,eanfindthattheseprverbsarevividithrhyth.beausefrhyth,alliteratinisagreathelptery.itanaththeattentinfthereadersandaketheideaipresseddeeplynthereaders,st