畜牧英语整套课件完整版PPT教学教程最全电子讲义教案(最新)

1、Poultry Farming ManagementUnit OneIn this unit, you will learn: how to understand basic concepts and skills of hatching chicken eggs; how to talk about jobs in this field; how to be a poultry farmer.Poultry Farming ManagementUnit OnePart 1Lead-inPart 2Profession Zoom InPart 3Career Zoom InPart 4Real

2、-life PracticeLead-inPart 1Lead-inPart 1Task 1 Work in pairs. Watch a short video about how an egg becomes a chick. Work with your partner and try to fill in the following blanks.Chicken eggs require _ days to hatch. During the first three days, we can see the tissue development starts, the _ forms

3、and begins to beat from day 4 to day 6. Some joints, such as knees and elbows start forming and the wings can now bend. On the 8th day, a ridge of glands is formed where the feathers will appear on the tail and thighs. The head turns towards the _ end of the egg on the 14th day, the air cell becomes

4、 much smaller, and the yolk sac is _. On day 20, the yolk finishes being fully absorbed into the chick. This is what makes it possible for a hatchling to be able to survive without food or water for several hours. Its at this point that you may start to see a hole in the shell as the chick begins to

5、 _ through its egg tooth.21heartlargeabsorbedbreakLead-inPart 1Task 2 Put the following statements in the correct order according to what youve heard.A. They will be unable to produce strong egg shells.B. If the shells are weak and cracked when a hen sits or steps on them,C. If your chickens have a

6、calcium deficiency,D. And the shells provide the calcium she needs,E. Other hens will observe her behavior and follow her lead.F. She will begin cracking and eating them intentionally.G. Once she discovers they contain proteins and fats,H. The hen will eat the broken eggs.12345678Lead-inPart 1Words

7、& Expressionshatch v. 孵出；出壳joint n. 关节elbow n. 肘，肘部thigh n. 大腿absorb into 吸收，并入at this point 此时此刻Profession Zoom InPart 2ReadingHatching Chicken Eggs in an Incubator Hatching chicken eggs is an extremely rewarding experience, which requires good planning, dedication, flexibility and observation skil

8、ls. Chicken eggs have an incubation period of about 21 days and can be hatched in a specialized incubator under carefully monitored conditions.Selecting Eggs for HatchingTake the size of the eggs, their shape, the cleanness and condition of the shells into account, and the breed of hen you wish to o

9、btain. Large eggs hatch poorly and small eggs produce small chicks. The eggs with cracked or thin shells have difficulty retaining the moisture needed for proper chick development，and also make it easier for disease to penetrate.The eggs should be selected from breeding hens that are well developed,

10、 mature and healthy; and they should produce a high percentage of fertile eggs.Preparing the IncubatorBefore starting to hatch the chicken eggs, be sure the incubator is working properly, and you know how to operate it.Do not place it near a window where it will be exposed to sunlight. The suns heat

11、 can raise the temperature high enough to kill the developing embryos.ChineseProfession Zoom InPart 2孵化箱孵化小鸡孵化鸡蛋是一个需要妥善规划、细心照料、灵活机动和仔细观察技巧的非常有意义的过程。通过孵化箱严控温湿度，经大约21天，鸡蛋成功孵化为小鸡。鸡蛋的选择要考虑鸡蛋的蛋形指数、清洁卫生、蛋壳质量和鸡品种。过大鸡蛋孵化率差，过小鸡蛋易产生弱雏；破壳或薄壳蛋不能保持小鸡正常生长所需的水分，也是疾病的诱因。应选取健康鸡群所生的蛋，这样易提高蛋的受精率。准备孵化物孵化前，首先确保孵化箱的正常运转和

12、知道如何操作。不要将孵化箱放在靠近阳光照射的窗户附近。太阳的热量可以提高温度到足以杀死发育中的胚胎。EnglishProfession Zoom InPart 2ReadingTemperatureThe most crucial factor during incubation (especially during the first week) is the temperature. The optimal temperature in the first two weeks is 38.9. An increase in temperature at the same time as a

13、 drop in humidity can have disastrous results. Drops in temperature will delay hatching but are less harmful than increases in temperature. From day 19 onward, the temperature should be reduced to 36.1 because the chicks will be producing their own heat.HumidityThe moisture level in the incubator sh

14、ould be about 50 to 65 percent relative humidity (60 percent is often considered ideal). Moisture is provided by a pan of water under the egg tray. The water surface should be at least half as large as the surface of the egg tray. Add warm water to the pan as necessary. If more humidity is needed, i

15、ncrease the size of the pan or add a wet sponge. Humidity adjustment can also be made by increasing or decreasing ventilation.VentilationVentilation is adjusted by increasing or decreasing openings in the sides or top of the incubator. Normal air exchange is needed during the embryos development and

16、 should be increased as the chicks begin to hatch. The embryos need oxygen and produce carbon dioxide. However, the correct relative humidity must be maintained until most of the chicks are out of their shells. Do not open the incubator unless necessary during the last 3 days of incubation.ChinesePr

17、ofession Zoom InPart 2温度在整个孵化期（尤其是第一周），温度是至关重要的因素。前两周的最佳温度是38.9。温度过高过低都可能对胚胎产生毁灭性的打击，温度过低会延长孵化期，但较之温度升高而言，危害要小一些。从第19天起，温度应该降低到36.1，因为小鸡会产生自己的热量。湿度孵化器应保持50%60%的相对湿度（通常认为60%是理想值）。水分由蛋盘下面的一锅水提供。水面应至少是蛋盘表面的一半大小，根据需要向锅中加入温水，如果需要更多的湿度，请增加锅的尺寸或添加湿海绵。也可以通过增加或减少通风来进行湿度调节。通风通风是通过增加或减少孵化器两侧或顶部的开口来调节的。在胚胎发育过程中

18、需要正常的空气交换，并且随着雏鸟开始孵化而增加。胚胎需要氧气，产生二氧化碳。然而，必须保持正确的相对湿度，直到大多数小鸡离开蛋壳。在孵化的最后3天内，除非必要，否则不要打开孵化箱。 EnglishProfession Zoom InPart 2ReadingTurning the EggsMake sure that the eggs are turned 3 times a day for the first 19 days. After that, it is no longer necessary to turn the eggs. It is the most important th

19、at you turn the eggs within regular time. Turning the eggs is very easy with an automatic egg turner. You can also turn the eggs by hand. It should be done gently but you should not lose time. To prevent the incubator from cooling down, leave the door of the incubator closed as much as possible when

20、 you turn the eggs.Candling the EggsCandling is best started on the 9th day of incubation, and remove any infertile eggs or eggs containing dead chicks from the incubator. A second candling should be done after 14 to 18 days of incubation. Once again remove all the dead embryos and check the humidit

21、y levels. Do not candle the eggs after the 18th day so as not to disturb the growing chicks.Keeping RecordsIt is very important to write down the date on which the eggs are put into the incubator. Note the temperature and humidity twice a day. If hatching results are poor at the end of the incubatio

22、n periods, your records will tell you whether the temperature or the humidity is to blame. Normally hatching rates vary from 50% to 70%.ChineseProfession Zoom InPart 2翻蛋确保鸡蛋在头19天每天翻3次。在那之后，再也不需要把鸡蛋翻过来了。这是最重要的，你把鸡蛋在规定的时间内。用自动翻蛋器转动鸡蛋很容易。你也可以用手把鸡蛋翻过来。这件事应该做得很轻，但你不能浪费时间。为了防止孵化器冷却，当你打开鸡蛋时，尽可能地关闭孵化器的门。照蛋孵

23、化第9 天开始进行光照，剔除无精蛋、死精蛋。孵化1418 天后应进行二次照蛋。再次清除所有死胚蛋，检查湿度水平。18 天后建议不照蛋，以免扰乱正在生长的小鸡。做记录记录入孵时间很重要。注意每天记录温度湿度两次。如果在孵化期结束时，孵化率低，你的记录将告诉你温度或湿度水平是否出现了问题。小鸡的正常的孵化率一般介于50%70%之间。EnglishProfession Zoom InPart 2VocabularyProfession Zoom InPart 2Phrases and Expressionstake . into account 考虑；重视carbon dioxide 二氧化碳aut

24、omatic egg turner 自动翻蛋机incubation period 孵化期Profession Zoom InPart 2Language Points & Cultural Tipsincubator: it is a device which artificially stimulates the egg-laying animals living conditions, such as the temperature, humidity and egg turning, through which the fertilized eggs can develop into c

25、hicks after a certain period of time. It is mainly used in egg hatching, embryonic development, etc. 孵化箱是指通过人工模拟卵生动物的生存环境，如温度、湿度、翻蛋，使受精蛋发育成生命的机箱，主要用于种蛋孵化、胚胎发育等。Profession Zoom InPart 2Text Understanding Hints1122Hatching chicken eggs is an extremely rewarding experience, which requires good planning

26、,dedication, flexibility and observation skills. 孵化鸡蛋是一个需要妥善规划、细心照料、灵活机动和仔细观察技巧的非常有意义的过程。which 在这里引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。Ventilation is adjusted by increasing or decreasing openings in the sides or top of the incubator.风可以通过增减孵化箱四周及顶部的开放次数来进行调整。Profession Zoom InPart 2Text Understanding Hints33Candling

27、 is best started on the 9th day of incubation, and remove any infertile eggs or eggs containing dead chicks from the incubator.孵化第9天开始进行光照，并从孵化箱中剔除无精蛋、死精蛋。containing dead chicks from the incubator 为现在分词短语，在这里做后置定语修饰前面的先行词eggs。Profession Zoom InPart 2Exercises1.crackeda. 空气流通2. ventilationb. 孵化3. fer

28、tilec. 壳4. automatic egg turnerd. 光照5. candlee. 湿度6. moisturef. 胚胎7. humidityg. 破裂的8. shellh. 自动翻蛋机9. incubationi. 湿度10. embryoj. 能生育的gajhdiecTask 1 Match the words or phrases on the left with their corresponding Chinese meanings on the right.bfProfession Zoom InPart 2ExercisesTask 2 Complete the fo

29、llowing sentences with the given words and phrases in the following box. Change the form if necessary.expose take . into account blame removemake sure delay prevent . from oxygen1. You didnt _ our different backgrounds _.2. We now have to _ by controlling the temperature that they do not reproduce.3

30、. Nothing can _ me _ studying English4. Do not _ this medicine to the sun.takeinto accountmake surepreventfromexposeProfession Zoom InPart 2ExercisesTask 2 Complete the following sentences with the given words and phrases in the following box. Change the form if necessary.expose take . into account

31、blame removemake sure delay prevent . from oxygen5. The dense fog _ the planes start.6. Anderson _ his father for his failure.7. All plants and animals need _ to live.8. If we have fear and despair in us, we cannot _ the suffering in society.delayedblamedoxygenremoveProfession Zoom InPart 2Exercises

32、Task 3 Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) according to the text.1. Large eggs produce big chicks and small eggs hatch poorly.2. The eggs should be selected from breeding hens that are well developed, mature and healthy; and they should produce a high percentage of fert

33、ile eggs.3. The suns heat can increase the temperature and kill the developing embryos.4. The most crucial factor during incubation is the humidity.5. A second candling should be done after 14 to 18 days of incubation.6. If hatching results are poor at the end of the incubation periods, your records

34、 will tell you nothing.FTTFTFProfession Zoom InPart 2ListeningListen to the dialogue and fill in the blanks with what youve heard.Kid: Should the eggs be washed before putting into the incubator?Guide:Absolutely not. There are _ on the eggs. If these coatings are washed off, they can affect the eggs

35、 development.Kid: Why is the _ end of each egg higher than the pointy end?Guide: It is very important. If the pointy end is higher, the chick may have difficulty _.Kid: Oh, look！A little chick is breaking the egg shell. Its coming out. It seems difficult. Can we help it?Guide: Better not. Let it alo

36、ne. _ the shell is a good exercise for it. Trying to break it out of its shell can hurt the chick or even cause fatal injuries.Kid: OK. _ should they be kept in the incubator after the egg hatches?Guide: 24 hours. It needs time to absorb the rest of its nutrient and dry off.Kid:What will it eat?Guid

37、e: We can serve it some warm water and ground rice, and then it can survive.coatingslargerpipingprocessHow longProfession Zoom InPart 2SpeakingMake a similar dialogue based on the listening material above with the help of the useful expressions given below.Useful expressions you may use：There are .T

38、he process of .How long should . been done?Career Zoom InPart 3ReadingWhat Is a Poultry Farmer? A poultry farmer is someone who raises domesticated birds such as geese, ducks, turkeys or chickens for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for sale and consumption. A poultry farmer typically raises a si

39、ngle type of poultry, with more than half of the poultry farming industry raising chickens.What Does a Poultry Farmer DoChickens may be farmed for their eggs or meat. Chicken farmers are in charge of making sure their coops are regularly cleaned of all fecal matters to reduce the risk of spreading d

40、isease among the chickens. They also make sure that the chickens have fresh feed and water in the morning. Farmers will take a walk through the chicken coops a few times a day for two reasons: they want the chickens to become accustomed to people, and it allows the farmers to check for any chickens

41、that seem sick or injured. They also ensure that the ventilation and temperature of the coops are at ideal levels for the chickens.Some chickens may spend their whole lives in a warehouse. Here, they are fed, watered, and then shipped to the production plant for slaughter. On some farms, chickens ar

42、e classified as free range, which means they are free to roam outside in enclosed space like a field. In the past few years, there has been an increase in demand for ethically farmed poultry, whichincludes adequate health care and enough space to roam where the chickens can interact with each other,

43、 perch, and peck at objects happily. Its important that chickens are able to express their normal behavior. Many poultry consumers no longer want to support large commercial farms that are overcrowded with birds or mistreat them.ChineseCareer Zoom InPart 3English什么是家禽养殖户？家禽养殖户就是饲养鹅，鸭，火鸡或鸡等家禽，并以出售和消费

44、其肉和蛋为目的的人。一个家禽养殖户通常饲养一种类型的家禽，50%以上是养鸡。家禽养殖户做什么？鸡分为蛋用型和肉用型两个品种。为了减少疾病在鸡群中传播的风险，鸡养殖户通常会定期清除笼内的排泄物，同时确保每天清晨让鸡群得到新鲜的饲料和水。为了能及时查看鸡群有无异常状况(生病或受伤)，饲养者会在笼间来回巡查，同时保证笼内通风、温度达到理想状态。一些鸡群可能会一直采用笼养模式。他们在在鸡笼内采食、饮水,最后被装御到屠宰点。而有些鸡群却采用散养模式，即让鸡群在一个封闭的户外空间内自由活动。在过去的几年里，人性化饲养禽类呼声高涨，其中包括要提供足够的卫生保健和运动空间，以保障鸡群间能够快乐地相互交流、自由

45、栖息和觅食，鸡群能够行为正常非常重要。许多禽类消费者不再希望看到过度拥挤或者受虐的大型商业农场。Career Zoom InPart 3ReadingHow to Become a Poultry FarmerThere is no formal education required for becoming a poultry farmer, but there are a lot to learn before jumping into the role. Poultry farmers typically raise one single type of poultry (chicken

46、s, turkeys, geese or ducks). Once you determine the type of poultry that you would like to try your hand at, you need to get a job working on that type of farm, as the best way to train for this career is by learning the trade from experienced farmers. This will give you an idea of what is involved

47、in the work and how the lifecycle of the birds work.What is the Workplace of a Poultry Farmer LikeMany poultry farmers own their own farms, especially small-scale farms with only a few hundred birds. The bigger facilities that house thousands of birds will have more farmers on hand to raise them.Pou

48、ltry farmers work seven days a week, sometimes all day to ensure that their birds are taken care of. Its very important that a farmer is very clean before stepping into the poultry house to prevent the spread of diseases. Much of their work takes place outside or within the poultry residence.Chinese

49、Career Zoom InPart 3English如何成为养殖户？成为养殖户不一定要有正规的教育，但在从事这个行业之前须加强学习。通常养殖户只饲养一种禽类（如鸡，火鸡，鹅或鸭），一旦确定了想要饲养的家禽类型，那么养殖户需要从事这类养殖场工作，向有经验的养殖户学习，是从事家禽饲养工作的最佳方式。这将使养殖户了解养殖工作的特点及禽类的生命周期。家禽养殖者的工作环境是怎么样的？许多养殖者都拥有自己的养殖场，特别是几百只鸡群的小规模养殖场。若要饲养上千只则需要更多的设施和饲养者。养殖者每周工作七天，有时候可能需要花费一整天的时间照顾鸡群。养殖者在进入场内时需换洗消毒，以防止疾病蔓延，这个尤其重要，

50、因为他们的大部分时间都是在禽场内外度过。Career Zoom InPart 3VocabularyCareer Zoom InPart 3Phrases and Expressionstry ones hand at 尝试着做Career Zoom InPart 3Text Understanding Hints1122A poultry farmer typically raises a single type of poultry, with more than half of the poultry farming industry raising chickens.一个家禽养殖户通常

51、饲养一种类型的家禽，50%以上是养鸡。Chicken farmers are in charge of making sure their coops are regularly cleaned of all fecal matters to reduce the risk of spreading disease among the chickens. 为了减少疾病在鸡群中传播的风险，鸡养殖户通常会定期清除笼内的排泄物。in charge of 意为“负责，主管”。Career Zoom InPart 3Text Understanding Hints33In the past few ye

52、ars, there has been an increase in demand for ethically farmed poultry, which includes adequate health care and enough space to roam where the chickens can interact with each other, perch, and peck at objects happily. Its important that chickens are able to express their normal behavior.在过去的几年里，人性化饲

53、养禽类呼声高涨，其中包括要提供足够的卫生保健和运动空间，以保障鸡群间能够快乐地相互交流、自由栖息和觅食，鸡群能够行为正常非常重要。Career Zoom InPart 3ExercisesTask 1 Answer the following questions according to the text.12What does a poultry farmer do?A poultry famer should clean the coops and have the fresh feed and water for the poultry; also they should walk th

54、rough the chicken coops a few times a day to ensure the ventilation and temperature of the coop.How to become a poultry farmer?They should get a job working on that type of farm.Career Zoom InPart 3ExercisesTask 1 Answer the following questions according to the text.3What is the workplace of a poult

55、ry farmer like?They like the farms with only a few hundred birds; They should be clean before they step into the poultry farms; much of their work takes place outside or within the poultry residence.Career Zoom InPart 3ExercisesTask 2 Fill in the blanks with proper information according to the text.

56、1Chicken farmers are _ making sure their coops are regularly cleaned of all fecal matters to reduce the risk of spreading disease among the chickens.2They also ensure that _ of the coops are at ideal levels for the chickens.3They are fed, watered, and then shipped to _ for slaughter.4This will give

57、you an idea of _ and how the lifecycle of the birds works.5Much of their work takes place _ the poultry residence.in charge ofthe ventilation and temperatureproduction plantwhat is involved in the workoutside or withinCareer Zoom InPart 3Career TipsWhat Makes a Successful Poultry FarmerTo be a succe

58、ssful poultry farmer, one needs a good understanding of poultry production, business practice, and management techniques.Work experience can give one the background needed to become a farm manager or to run ones own farm. Valuable training in poultry production is also available from high schools, t

59、echnical institutes , and colleges.Advancement Possibilities and Employment OutlooksThe financial risks are high in poultry farming, and farmers must invest a great deal of money, but the profit is small. In general, the chances for success are best for those who obtain the backing of an investment

60、group.Increasing productivity will contribute to the decline of poultry farmers in recent years, despite the high demand for poultry and eggs.Working ConditionsPoultry farmers set their own hours, which depend on the size of the farm and the number of laborers they employ. Poultry farmers who run sm