2022届河南省许平汝联盟高三下学期核心模拟卷（六）英语试题

1、试卷第 =page 21 21页，共 =sectionpages 21 21页试卷第 =page 1 1页，共 =sectionpages 3 3页2022届河南省许平汝联盟高三下学期核心模拟卷（六）英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解Climate Science fiction (cli-fi) authors have been exploring the impact of weather-gone-wild for decades. Here are a few of them that still ring true today. The Crystal World

2、J. G. Ballard is often considered the godfather of cli-fi. The famous British authors novels of the 1960s, including The Burning World, The Drowned World and The Wind From Nowhere, imagine terrible climate-based disasters. But theyre all too gentle in nature compared with his first truly mature work

3、, The Crystal World. In a sense, The Crystal World is a horror novel-instead of the horror happening to a person, its happening to Earth. HothouseBrian Aldiss Hothouse a series of short stories published in 1962 remains one of the most extreme visions of climate change. In it, Earth of the furthest

4、future has changed so completely that its nearly unrecognizable. Humans struggle to survive in this strange world of heat waves which, admittedly, isnt very scientifically possible but is all the more wonderful because of Aldiss unbound imagination.The Ice SchoonerThe climate change in Michael Moorc

5、ocks 1969 novel The Ice Schooner is man-made in a different way: Its caused by a long, extreme winter that settles around Earth following a nuclear war. The book presents a world where a new ice age has resulted in a frozen planet. Theres nothing scientific about Moorcocks setting. But it does warn,

6、 in its own way, of the disastrous climate change that humanity can bring to the world. IceAnna Kavans Ice, like Ballards The Crystal World, is filled with far more symbolism than the typical early cli-fi novel. In the freezing environment of Kavans 1967 book, a nuclear war has led to massive global

7、 climate change that has turned the world into another Siberia.1Which book contains the most frightening scenes?AThe Burning World.BThe Drowned World.CThe Crystal World.DThe Wind From Nowhere.2Who wrote Hothouse?AAnna Kavan.BBrian Aldiss.CJ. G. Ballard.DMichael Moorcock.3What do the last two novels

8、have in common?AThey are based on scientific evidence.BThey were published in the same year.CThey are about heat waves in the world.DThey imagine the results of a nuclear war.【答案】1C2B3D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四本气候科幻小说。1细节理解题。根据The Crystal World部分“But theyre all too gentle in nature compared with his fi

9、rst truly mature work, The Crystal World.In a sense, The Crystal World is a horror novel-instead of the horror happening to a person, its happening to Earth.(但与他的第一部真正成熟的作品水晶世界相比，它们在本质上都太温和了。从某种意义上说，水晶世界是一部恐怖小说，而不是发生在一个人身上的恐怖，而是发生在地球上的恐怖。)”可知，The Crystal World包含最可怕的场景。故选C项。2细节理解题。根据Hothouse部分“Brian

10、Aldiss Hothouse(布莱恩阿尔迪斯的温室)”可知，布莱恩阿尔迪斯写了Hothouse。故选B项。3细节理解题。根据 The Ice Schooner部分“Its caused by a long, extreme winter that settles around Earth following a nuclear war.(它是由核战争后在地球周围定居的漫长而极端的冬天造成的。)”以及Ice部分“In the freezing environment of Kavans 1967 book, a nuclear war has led to massive global cli

11、mate change that has turned the world into another Siberia.(在卡万1967年书中的寒冷环境中，一场核战争导致了大规模的全球气候变化，把世界变成了另一个西伯利亚。)”可知，这两本书都想象了核战争带来的后果。故选D项。Back in September, I took a small team from Motor Trend to see the Tesla Cybertruck. Tesla told us that we were the first outsiders, and the only newspaper to see

12、the vehicle. So its fun for me to disclose how some of us reacted after seeing it for the first time.Christian Seabaugh, Kim Reynolds, Mark Williams, Sean Holman, and I spent hours with the Teslas design team on a warm Friday afternoon, at Teslas design studio in Hawthorne, California.When we left t

13、he studio and walked back to our car at the parking lot, everyone was quiet, lost in thought. We remained absolutely silent until we pulled out onto a busy street and saw regular cars and trucks, in traffic.I was the first one to break the ice, “Can you imagine how crazy it will look when that truck

14、 is on the road, with regular cars?”And with that, my colleagues unburdened themselves. Here are some choice thoughts.“As a traditional truck person, I was dumbstruck when I walked in. What is that? Origami? A military vehicle or SUV? I wonder how will you see out of it? Wait, wheres the bed? I am s

15、till too surprised to think. I need a shower, a cigarette or a nap, in no particular order,” said Sean Holman. “My first thought after entering the design studio was that the only thing missing in the space was anything remotely looking like what I would consider a Tesla truck. Nothing else but the

16、military-styled video game concept in the center of the floor,” said Mark Williams.“Im impressed by how far Tesla was willing to go away from their existing design language. It is a high-risk design. It will dominate the conversation when it appears, and get good presale orders, but I wonder for how

17、 long?” said Kim Reynolds.”When I first looked at the Tesla truck, my first thought was that I couldnt believe what I was seeing. Are they images!? Wow, its really beautiful,” said Christian Seabaugh.What is your reaction to Teslas Cybertruck? Love it? Hate it? Will you buy it?4Which of the followin

18、g best explains “dumbstruck” underlined in paragraph 6?AShocked.BScared.CWorriedDExcited.5What does the Tesla Cybertruck most probably look like?AAn ugly toy.BA military car.CA traditional truck.DA foldable bed.6What does Christian Seabaugh think of the truck?AAmazing.BUgly.CUnpractical.DPowerful.7W

19、hat can be a suitable title for the text?AThe Investment Risks in TeslaBOur First Impressions of CybertruckCMy First Visit to Teslas Design StudioDThe Design Problems With Cybertruck【答案】4A5B6A7B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记述了四名记者首次参观Tesla公司的电动卡车后的不同感受。4词句猜测题。根据划线词后“I am still too surprised to think.(我仍然惊讶得

20、不敢想)”可推断，Sean Holman当时非常震惊。由此可知，划线词意思是“震惊的”。故选A。5细节理解题。根据第七段中“Nothing else but the military-styled video game concept in the center of the floor(地板中央只有军事风格的电子游戏概念)”可推断，该卡车可能很像军车。故选B。6细节理解题。根据第九段中“Wow, its really beautiful(哇，真漂亮)”可知，Christian Seabaugh认为这车真的很酷。故选A。7主旨大意题。根据第一段“So its fun for me to dis

21、close how some of us reacted after seeing it for the first time.(所以对我来说，揭示我们中的一些人在第一次看到它时的反应是很有趣的)”结合文章主要记述了四名记者首次参观Tesla公司的电动卡车后的不同感受，可知，B选项“我们对Tesla公司电动卡车的第一印象”最适合作标题。故选B。Male cockatoos (风头鹦鹉) might be the rock stars of the animal kingdom but unsurprisingly, they mainly just do it for the female.T

22、he Australian bird is the only animal other than humans known how to make tools to compose music, a new study says. While other animals, such as chimpanzees, enjoy drumming on sticks and logs, they dont make their own musical tools to do it.Robert Heinsohn, a biologist at Australia National Universi

23、ty, first witnessed the behavior in male cockatoos in northern Australia in 1997. Then, he spent the next two decades videotaping the shy animals to find out if their drumming was truly music defined as regular beat production, repeated components, and, of course, personal style. By analyzing the be

24、ats made by the birds, he found that the sounds were highly predictable, just like human music that had a unique style. “The cockatoo was holding what looked like a stick and beating it on the tree branch, and every so often he would pause and let out either a long whistle or a sharp scream,” he sai

25、d. Importantly, male cockatoo primarily started drumming when they were around females about 70 percent of the time, according to his research, published this week in the journal Science.But Heinsohn did not found the females reactions to the males music and the male cockatoos didnt dance, either, w

26、hile they produced their own unique beats an activity that usually goes hand in hand with music for many animals in love, such as swans, cranes and birds of paradise.So Heinsohn thought such behavior may not be learned for courtship (求爱). “It seems that they are open to the pleasure of rhythm, just

27、like humans,” he says. “As soon as one male works out a pleasing drumming rhythm that gets the approval from the females, they would stay together to enjoy it.”8What can we learn about the cockatoos?AThe females are the only birds that can sing.BThe males can make tools to compose music.CThe females

28、 dont enjoy listening to rock music.DThe males dance to music when they are in love.9The music made by the male cockatoos _.Awas unpredictableBwas very sharpChad irregular beatsDhad unique styles10What is the last paragraph mainly about?AWhy cockatoos make music.BHow cockatoos make tools.CWhen cocka

29、toos make music.DWhat are cockatoos reactions.11From which is the text probably taken?AA survey.BA zoo guide book.CA news report.DA lab test report.【答案】8B9D10A11C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了最新研究发现雄性凤头鹦鹉不但能制造乐器还能很纯粹地演奏与欣赏音乐。8细节理解题。根据第二段“The Australian bird is the only animal other than humans known how to m

30、ake tools to compose music, a new study says.(一项新的研究表明，这种澳大利亚鸟是除人类之外唯一知道如何制作工具来作曲的动物)”可知，雄性风头鹦鹉可以制作工具来作曲。故选B。9细节理解题。根据第三段“By analyzing the beats made by the birds, he found that the sounds were highly predictable, just like human music that had a unique style.(通过分析鸟类发出的节奏，他发现这些声音是高度可预测的，就像人类的音乐有独特的风

31、格一样)”可知，雄性鹦鹉奏出的音乐具有自己独特的风格。故选D。10主旨大意题。根据最后一段“So Heinsohn thought such behavior may not be learned for courtship (求爱)(因此，海因索恩认为这种行为可能不是为了求偶而习得的)”可知，本段主要是推测鹦鹉奏乐的原因：鹦鹉奏乐主要是为了娱乐，而不是为了求偶。故选A。11推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段“Importantly, male cockatoo primarily started drumming when they were around females about 70

32、percent of the time, according to his research, published this week in the journal Science.(重要的是，根据他本周发表在科学(Science)杂志上的研究，雄性凤头鹦鹉主要是在与雌性鹦鹉在一起时开始打鼓的大约70%的时间是这样)”可知，本文主要是用比较大众的语言介绍了科学杂志最新发表的一篇科研论文，故很可能是选自新闻报道。故选C。This week, both the US and the European Union (EU) announced their goals for reducing car

33、bon dioxide. The EUs newly approved goal is 55% below 1990 levels and the new US goal is 50% to 52% below 2005 levels.Their goals sound very ambitious. However, the numbers arent quite what they seem, depending on what baseline year for those cuts. If you convert (换算) the European goal to the Americ

34、an-preferred 2005 baseline, it translates to 51% below 2005 levels. But if you compare them using Europes preferred 1990 as the baseline, the 50% minimum US cut is only 41%, far shy of the 55% EU goal. If you compare the numbers to 2019, the minimum the US would be cutting is about 40% from todays l

35、evel and the EU only 35%.Why different baselines?The idea behind different baselines goes back to the climate talks in 2009. Since developed countries have already put lots of carbon pollution into the air and they still wanted developing nations that were counting on fossil fuels for economic devel

36、opment to abandon the dirtier fuels, a solution was struck for the 2015 Paris agreement that allowed nations to voluntarily choose their own goals suitable to each country. Those nationally designed goals also included countries choosing their own baseline years. Naturally, countries tend to choose

37、years in which they peaked (达峰) or near peaked on carbon emissions. For example, Europe, which took early action after the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, chose to keep that agreements 1990 baseline. This way, Europe gets credit for acting early. “However, we should not just look at their numbers,” said Profes

38、sor Nate Hultman from University of Maryland. The US goal includes methane (甲烷) and HFCs (氟烷) that trap more heat but dont last as long as carbon dioxide. He said including those in the goals allows the US to pick low-hanging fruit to better reach its goal.“Reducing methane and HFCs gets results mor

39、e quickly than cutting carbon dioxide. But cutting them just buys us a little more time,” Nate said.12What can we know about the goals for reducing carbon dioxide?AThey can be very misleading.BThey are just influenced by baselines.CThey can be compared directly.DThey are too complex to be compared.1

40、3When did the US most probably peak or near peak on carbon emissions?AIn 1990.BIn1997.CIn 2005.DIn 2019.14What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 5 refer to?AThe USs and EUs goals.BMethane and HFCs.CCarbon dioxide and HFCs.DThe different baselines.15How did Nate Hultman most probably feel

41、 about the USs goal?ADisappointed.BSatisfied.CUnconcerned.DOverjoyed.【答案】12A13C14B15A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国及欧盟本周相继公布了各自的温室气体减排目标。表面看来十分接近的数字，却因为各自的减排基线及减排气体的种类不同而可能呈现出十分不同的解读结果及减排效果。12细节理解题。根据第二段“However, the numbers arent quite what they seem, depending on what baseline year for those cuts.(然而，这些

42、数字并不完全像看上去的那样，这取决于削减的基准年份)”可知，这些看来十分接近的数字，却因为减排基线不同而误导人。由此可知，减少二氧化碳的目标可能非常具有误导性。故选A。13推理判断题。根据第一段“and the new US goal is 50% to 52% below 2005 levels.(美国的新目标是在2005年的基础上减少50%到52%)”及第四段“Naturally, countries tend to choose years in which they peaked (达峰) or near peaked on carbon emissions.(自然，各国倾向于选择碳排

43、放达到或接近峰值的年份)”可推断，在2005年美国的温室气体排放很可能已经或接近达峰，因此美国选了这个年份作减排基线。故选C。14词句猜测题。根据画线词前“The US goal includes methane (甲烷) and HFCs (氟烷) that trap more heat but dont last as long as carbon dioxide.(美国的目标包括甲烷和氢氟碳化合物，它们能吸收更多热量，但不会像二氧化碳那样持续太久)”可知，画线词those指的是methane及HFCs这两种温室气体。故选B。15推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He said includin

44、g those in the goals allows the US to pick low-hanging fruit to better reach its goal.(他说，将这些纳入目标可以让美国更好地实现目标)”及最后一段“Reducing methane and HFCs gets results more quickly than cutting carbon dioxide. But cutting them just buys us a little more time,” Nate said.(“减少甲烷和氢氟碳化合物的效果比减少二氧化碳更快。但砍掉它们只是为我们多争取了一

45、点时间。”Nate说)”可推断，Nate Hultman对美国有点失望，因为美国在钻空子，专挑简单的做，追求的是短期减排目标。故选A。二、七选五You may have heard the term “dress for success”. _16_. Below are the four most common mistakes men make when dressing for work.Making a fashion statementWhen dressing to work, try to remember what you want your dress to say and

46、what impression you leave. Most managers will agree that dressing too trendy and flashy can be a bad thing. _17_. If you are uncertain about the appropriate dress, then just look at what your superiors are wearing.No attention to detailsEven the nicest suit, shirt and tie can look out of place if yo

47、u forget to pay attention to the little details such as shoes, socks and belt. Make sure that your socks match your trousers, and your belt matches your shoe colors. _18_.The not-so-tidy lookMake sure you keep your clothes clean as well as smell free. If suit and tie is part of your daily business d

48、ress then make sure to change between different suits each day. After each day, hang the suit on a hanger in a well-aired area. _19_. For the dress shirts, you should have a new and freshly pressed shirt each day. In addition, keep your shoes polished!_20_Casual Friday does not mean that you can dre

49、ss like you do on vacation. It is always better to slightly overdress than showing up too casual.ABad casual FridaysBOverdressing FridaysCTherefore, keep your dress classic and elegantDIt means that the right dress can benefit your healthEThe clothes will straighten out again and smells will disappe

50、arFIt can also be true that the wrong type of clothing will do the oppositeGBesides your clothes, make sure that you have well-cared fingernails and hair【答案】16F17C18G19E20A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在办公室穿着方面需要注意的地方。16根据空前“You may have heard the term “dress for success”. (你可能听说过“成功着装”这个词)”及下文陈述的几个在工作场合着

51、装应该注意的事项可知，如果着装不得体结果可能恰恰相反。F项“也有可能，错误的服装类型会起到相反的作用”符合语境。故选F。17根据上文“Most managers will agree that dressing too trendy and flashy can be a bad thing. (大多数经理都会同意，过于时尚和浮华的着装可能是一件坏事)”可知，在工作场合穿得过于时尚和浮华并非好事。由此推知，工作场合的着装应简单大方。C项“因此，让你的着装保持经典和优雅”符合题意。故选C。18空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Even the nicest suit, shirt and ti

52、e can look out of place if you forget to pay attention to the little details such as shoes, socks and belt. Make sure that your socks match your trousers, and your belt matches your shoe colors. (如果你忘记注意鞋子、袜子和皮带等小细节，即使是最好的西装、衬衫和领带也会显得不协调。确保你的袜子和裤子相配，腰带和鞋子的颜色相配)”可知，上文指出在着装方面要注意细节。由此推知，空处继续陈述其他需要注意的细节

53、。G项“除了你的衣服，还要确保修建指甲和梳理头发”符合题意，是对上文的补充说明。故选G。19根据上文“After each day, hang the suit on a hanger in a well-aired area. (每天结束后，把衣服挂在通风良好的地方)”推知，下文陈述这样做的目的：让衣服看起来整洁且没有异味。E项“衣服会再次变得直挺，气味也会消失”符合题意。故选E。20空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Casual Friday does not mean that you can dress like you do on vacation. It is always better

54、 to slightly overdress than showing up too casual. (便装星期五并不意味着你可以穿得像度假时一样。稍微穿得正式一点总比穿得太随便要好)”可知，本段提醒我们即使星期五可以穿便装，也不要穿得太随意。A项“糟糕的周五便装”可以作为本段小标题。故选A。三、完形填空It was a cold morning in November of 1990. When Hans-Joachim Bull was _21_ the seashore, he noticed a woman standing outside his house. He tried to

55、 make out who she was. He was worried the _22_ might be an inspector sent by the government to check on him. “While I was offloading my fish, I _23_ asked her what she wanted,” he remembers. “She said she was _24_ parliament(议会) and wanted to _25_ how fishermen were doing. So I naturally invited her

56、 into my house to have a _26_.”The young _27_ was Angela Merkel. And the liquor-filled _28_ in northeastern Germany was her first campaign stop.Bull, a fifth-generation fisherman in the Baltic Sea, told Merkel that he was worried about the _29_ the peaceful unification of the East and West Germanys

57、would bring. Merkel said shed take my _30_ to parliament, he says. “It was a very nice conversation and she was _31_ to talk to.”Bull thinks that Merkel was a good _32_ and she was happy to hear views that _33_ her own. And she had no difficulty changing course or even apologizing. “She was not a _3

58、4_ politician. She was a scientist. Politicians rarely, _35_!” he added.During the _36_, they even took a photograph together, in which they were drinking around a table in the little fishing house. Later, Bull decided to _37_ Merkel and has done so ever since. So have most others in this _38_ regio

59、n. Even as chancellor(总理), Merkel is a member of parliament and she has _39_ this district for 31 years.“Im _40_ that Merkel represents me in parliament and in the world,” adds Bull.21AcleaningBbuildingCrepairingDapproaching22AstrangerBpoliceCscientistDofficial23AcuriouslyBconfidentlyCanxiouslyDcare

60、lessly24Arunning forBjoining inCapplying toDchecking out25AwonderBrememberClearnDcompare26ArestBdrinkCtryDparty27AinspectorBtouristCcaptainDcandidate28AboatBstationChouseDcamp29AchangesBaidsCwarsDgoods30AdocumentsBconcernsClossesDevidences31ArudeBdullCeagerDeasy32AfighterBteacherClistenerDplayer33Ac