哮喘相关英文词汇

1、哮喘相关英文词汇医学英文词汇小结-RES2ASTHMA 相关英文词汇小结I.National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) 国家哮喘教育防治项目Susceptible individuals易感人群Recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing反复发作的喘息、气短、胸痛、咳嗽airflow obstruction气道阻塞reversible either spontaneously or with treatment可自愈

2、或治疗后可逆bronchial hyperresponsiveness(BHR)支气管高反应性a variable degree不同程度的hypersecretion分泌增高bronchospasm支气管痉挛Inhaled allergen吸入过敏原an early-phase allergic reaction早期过敏反应allergen specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies抗原特异性IgE抗体rapid activation of airway mast cells and macrophages, 气道肥大细胞巨噬细胞迅速激活proinfl

3、ammatory mediators促炎因子histamine组胺eicosanoids类花生酸类物质contraction of airway smooth muscle气道平滑肌收缩mucus secretion粘液分泌vasodilation血管舒张exudation of plasma血浆渗出a diabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories, inadequate exercise, and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式(能量过度摄 入、锻炼不足、肥胖)engorged充满的edematous airway wall医学英文词汇小结-

4、RES2气道壁水肿airway lumen气道腔reduced mucus clearance粘液清除减少late-phase inflammatory reaction迟发炎症反应allergen provocation过敏原激发recruitmentandactivationofeosinophils,T lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and macrophages 嗜酸性粒细胞，T淋巴细胞，碱性粒细胞， 中性粒细胞，巨噬细胞招募和激活inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes and granule protein

5、s) 炎性因子(白三烯和颗粒蛋白)type 2 T-helper cells TH 2淋巴细胞interleukin IL-4, IL-5,and IL-13 白介素-4,-5, -13type 1 T-helper (TH 1 ) cells TH 1淋巴细胞IL-2 and interferon- 丫白介素-2和干扰素丫Mast cell degranulation肥大细胞脱颗粒chemotactic factors趋化因子leukotrienes C4 , D4 , and E4 白三烯C4, D4,E4prostaglandins前列腺素platelet-activating fact

6、or (PAF)血小板激活因子Alveolarmacrophages肺泡巨噬细胞furthers the inflammatory process加剧炎性过程5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism花生四烯酸代谢的5-脂氧酶途径peptidases多肽酶matrix proteins基质蛋白cytokines细胞因子nitric oxideNOEpithelial shedding医学英文词汇小结-RES2表皮脱落heightened airway responsiveness气道高反应性altered permeability

7、 of the airway mucosa气道粘膜通透性改变depletion of epithelial-derived relaxant factors表皮来源舒张因子的减少sloughing of epithelial cells intothe airway lumen表皮细胞脱落至气道腔内impair mucociliary transport影响纤毛运输bronchial glands支气管腺goblet cells悲壮细胞Expectorated mucus咳出的粘液have high viscosity.粘度高innervated by由神经支配parasympathetic副

8、交感神经sympathetic交感神经nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves非肾上腺素能抑制神经noninnervated 佟 -adrenergic receptors that produce bronchodilation非神经支配的3 2肾上腺素受体可产生支 气管收缩的作用tracheaepisodic dyspnea间断憋气chest tightness胸闷wheezing喘息a whistling sound哨鸣音expiratory wheezing on auscultation听诊有呼气喘息音a dry, hacking cough干咳atopy变态反

9、应allergic rhinitis哮喘eczema湿疹chronic daily symptoms症状日常反复发作intermittent symptoms症状间断发生nighttime awakenings医学英文词汇小结-RES2夜间醒来interference withnormal activity影响日常活动short-acting inhaled 色-agonists短效吸入也受体激动剂confirmatory spirometry可明确诊断的肺功能检查结果reversibility after inhaled 3 -2gonist administration在吸入B 2受体激动

10、剂后可逆转necessarily rule out asthma可排除哮喘methacholine乙酰甲胆碱Pulse oximetry脉氧测定decreased arterial oxygen and O 2 saturations动脉氧及氧分压下降Arterial blood gases动脉血气metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒low partial pressure of oxygen (PaO 2)动脉氧分压降低asthma exacerbations哮喘加重住院治疗intubations插管治疗complicating 川nesses并发症cardiac disease

11、心脏疾病hydration status水化状态accessory muscles of respiration辅助呼吸肌presence of cyanosis发绢pneumonia肺炎pneumothorax气胸pneumomediastinum纵隔积气；purulent sputum脓痰quick relief of symptoms症状快速缓解Reducing impairment减少损伤exercise-induced bronchospasmEIB)运动诱发的支气管痉挛activates adenyl cyclase86. hospitalizations5医学英文词汇小结-RES

12、2激活腺甘酸环化酶(near-) normal pulmonary function几乎正常的肺功能attendance at work or school正常工作或上学Reducing risk降低风险recurrent exacerbations反复加重loss of lung function肺功能降低reduced lung growth肺组织生长发育不全correction of significant hypoxemia纠正明显的低氧血症rapid reversal of airway obstruction(within minutes)在数分钟内快速逆转气道阻塞stepwise

13、 approach for managingchronic asthma逐步控制慢性哮喘home treatment在家治疗self-management skills个人疾病管理技巧adherence to medication regimens治疗方案依从性Objective measurements of airflow obstruction6丁气流阻塞的客观指标peak flow meter峰流速仪allergenic triggers过敏激发源supplemental oxygen therapy氧疗arterial oxygen saturation 90%动脉血氧饱和度90%9

14、5% in pregnant women and patients with heart disease孕妇及心脏疾病患者，血氧应 95%urine specific gravity尿比重intracellular细胞内cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMPsmooth muscle relaxation平滑肌舒张mast cell membrane stabilization肥大细胞膜稳定skeletal muscle stimulation骨骼肌刺激Aerosol administration喷雾吸入bronchoselectivity支气管选择性Albut

15、erol医学英文词汇小结-RES2沙丁胺醇Regular treatment (four times daily) 常规治疗(qid)as-needed usePRNFormoterol福莫特罗salmeterol沙美特罗adjunctive辅助的advancing to进展至ineffective for对*无效continuous nebulization of持续雾化吸入unsatisfactory response疗效不满意aerosolized 2 B-agonists雾化的色受体激活剂nocturnal asthma夜间哮喘发作an indicator of inadequate

16、anti-inflammatory treatment.预本着抗炎治疗不足Corticosteroids糖皮质激素increase the number of B 2 -adrenergic receptors增加B 2受体数量improve receptor responsiveness to2 -adrenergic stimulation增加B 2受体对激活剂的反应性reduce mucus production/ hypersecretion减少粘液生成或分泌增加reduce BHR (bronchial hyperresponsiveness ) 降低支气管高反应性reduce ai

17、rway edema and exudation降低气道水肿与渗出check adherence考察患者的依从性Intermittent asthma 哮喘间断发作Persistent asthma 哮喘持续发作Intensity of treatment depends on severity of symptoms根据症状的严重程度决定治疗方案强度Stepwise approach(Step up, Step down)阶梯治疗(上调、下调)Isoproterenol异丙肾上腺素Pirbuterol医学英文词汇小结-RES2叱布特罗Terbutaline特布他林Comparative do

18、ses等效剂量once-daily dosing indications每日一次给药的适应症tapered down逐渐下调剂量maximum improvement症状的最大改善dose-dependent剂量依赖的oropharyngeal candidiasis口腔念珠菌病dysphonia失声、发音苦难spacer device储雾罐enhance lung delivery提高肺部药物分布Prednisone泼尼松short burst短期冲击疗法maintain the patient on appropriate long-term control therapy with in

19、haled corticosteroids给予患者长期吸入糖皮质激素以控制症 状alternate-daytherapy隔日给药方案Levalbuterol左旋沙丁胺醇beclomethasone dipropionate二丙酸倍氯米松Budesonide布地奈德Ciclesonide环索米松Methylxanthines甲基黄嗯吟Theophylline茶碱bronchodilation支气管扩张nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibition非选择性磷酸二酯酶抑制are ineffective by aerosol吸入无效ethylenediamin乙二胺

20、aminophylline医学英文词汇小结-RES2susceptible to induction and inhibition由诱导和抑制影响large interpatient variability个体差异巨大steady-state range稳态浓度范围monitoring schedules监测方案tachycardia心动过速jitteriness神经过敏cardiac tachyarrhythmias快速心律失常seizures癫痫发作duration of action作用持续时间leukotriene antagonists白三烯抑制剂Ipratropium bromid

21、e异丙托澳镂tiotropium bromide睡托澳镂muscarinic receptorsM胆碱受体cholinergic-mediated bronchoconstriction 胆碱能街道的支气管收缩Mast Cell Stabilizers肥大细胞稳定剂Cromolyn sodium色甘酸钠available as a metered-doseinhaler and nebulizer solution有MDI和供雾化吸入两种剂型prophylaxis预防性治疗regardless of etiology无论病因achieve maximum benefit取得最大获益Leukot

22、riene Modifiers医学英文词汇小结-RES2白三烯调节剂Zafirlukast 扎鲁司特(Accolate?)montelukast 孟鲁斯特(Singulair ?)reduce the proinflammatory effect减轻促炎效应leukotriene D4 白三烯D4taken on a regular basis常规使用symptom-freeperiods10T无症状期without regard to food与食物无关chewable tablet咀嚼片idiosyncratic syndrome特发症状Churg -Strauss syndromeChurg 6trauss综合征eosinophilic vasculitis嗜酸性粒细胞血管炎Zileuton医学英文词汇小结-RES2齐留通(Zyflo ?)Combination Controller Therapy 混合制剂疗法budesonide and formoterol (Symbicort ?) 布地奈德联合福莫特罗(信必可都保？)AZ211.fluticasone propionate and salmeterol氟替卡松联合沙美特 罗(Advair?)葛兰素varied doses of the inhale