(完整版)2019年12月四级真题三套(全)

1、2019年12月四级第一套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstoteachEnglishinChina.Pleaserecommendacitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhea

2、rthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandtheqnuestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questionsl

3、and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.AwanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfencesQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)PickuptrashB)AmusevisitorsC)SometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcowD)Awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.2.A)Itwass

4、hottodeathbyapoliceofficer.B)Itfounditswaybacktotheparkszoo.C)Itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.D)Itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)ItisthelargestofitskindB)ItisgoingtobeexpandedC)ItisdisplayingmorefossilspecimensD)Itisstaringanonlineex

5、hibition.4.A)AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromAustraliaB)PhotographsofcertainrarefossilexhibitsC)SomeancientwallpaintingsfromAustraliaD)PicturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontestQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)ItwillbeproducedatHarvardUniversityB)ItwillbeDelivermessagesPlaywithc

6、hildrenB)TheyareD)TheyarecleanB)ChildrenmayD)Childrenmay6.A)Theyareespeciallyintelligentchildrensfavorite.C)Theyarequiteeasytotameandpretty7.A)Childrenmaybeharmedbytherooksbetemptedtodroplitter.C)Childrenmaycontractbirddiseasesoverfeedtherooks.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconve

7、rsations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked,B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions12to15arebasedo

8、ntheconversationyouhavejustheard12.A)UnsureB)HelplessC)ConcernedhostedbyfamousprofessorsC)ItwillcoverdifferentareasofscienceD)Itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.9.A)Itwillbemorefuturisticsystematic.B)ItwillbemoreC)Itwillbemoreentertainingtounderstand.D)Itwillbeeasier10.A)Peopleinterestedinscie

9、nceB)YoungsterseagertoexploreC)ChildrenintheirearlyteensD)Studentsmajoringinscience.11.A)Offerprofessionaladvice.financialsupport.C)HelppromoteitontheInternetitsfirstseason.B)ProvideD)MakeepisodesforD)DissatisfiedQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheardB)HelosesheartA)Heistooconcernedwith

10、beingperfectwhenfacedwithsetbacks.C)Heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.D)Hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.A)Embarrassed.B)Unconcerned.C)Miserable.D)Resentful.A)Trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.B)Comparehispresentwithhispastonly.C)Alwayslearnfromothersachievements.D)Treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.S

11、ectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasing

12、lelinethroughthecentre.16.A)TheyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibilityB)TheyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanitiesC)TheyaremorelikelytobecomeengineersD)Theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders17.A)PraisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequentlyB)EncouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirownC)Insistthatboysandgirlsworkt

13、ogethermoreD)Respondmorepositivelytoboyscomments18.A)OfferpersonalizedteachingmaterialsB)ProvideavarietyofoptionalcoursesC)PlacegreatemphasisontestscoresD)PayextraattentiontotopstudentsQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard19.A)ItoftenrainscatsanddogsB)Itseldomrainsinsummertime.C)Itdoes

14、notrainasmuchaspeoplethinkD)ItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheUSB)TherainisusuallyD)TheraincomesA)TheydrivemostofthetimeverylightC)TheyhavegotusedtotherainmostlyatnightA)IthasalotofplacesforentertainmentIthasneverseenthunderandlightingIthasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcityD)Ithasmildweatherbothin

15、summerandinwinterQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)ItoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivityB)ItresultsfromexertingonesmusclescontinuouslyC)IthappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivityItcomesfromstainingonesmusclesinanunusualwayA)Bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea

16、B)BodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficultC)TheybegintomakerepairsimmediatelyD)Theygraduallybecomefragmented24.A)Aboutoneweek.C)Abouttendays.25.A)Applymusclecreamswater.B)AbouttwodaysD)AboutfourweeksB)DrinkplentyofC)HaveahotshowerD)Takepain-killers.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA

17、Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet

18、2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanon.ceQuestions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwaterImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor26theruinsofAngkor.Itshotsoyougrababottleofwaterfrom

19、alocalvendor.Itsthesafe,sanethingtodo,rightThebottleis27,andthelabelsays“purewater”,butmaybewhatsinsideisnotso28.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld29microplasticsThatstheconclusionofarecently30study,whichanalyzed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinnine

20、countries,31anaverageof325plasticparticlesperliterofwater.Thesemicroplasticsincludeda32commonlyknownasPETandarewidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand33containers.ThestudywasconductedattheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,ajournalismorganization.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminu

21、te,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthebillionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.Confrontedwiththis34,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoco-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,butfarlessthantheOrbstu

22、dysuggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganizationhasnowlaunchedareviewintothe35healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottlesA)adequateF)instantreleasedB)admiringG)liquidrevealingC)containsH)modifiedsealedD)defendingI)naturalsolvesE)evideneeJ)potentialsubstaneeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youarego

23、ingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheQuietHeroi

24、smofMailDeliveryOnWednesday,apolarwindbroughtbittercoldtotheMidwest.Overnight,Chicagoreachedalowof21degreesFahrenheitbelowzero,makingitslightlycolderthanAntarctica,Alaska,andtheNorthPole.Windchillswere64degreesbelowzeroinParkRapids,Minnesota,and45degreesbelowzeroinBuffalo,NorthDakota,accordingtotheN

25、ationalWeatherService.Schools,restaurants,andbusinessesclosed,andmorethan1,000flightshavebeencanceled.EventheUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)suspendedmaildeliverytemporarily.“DuetothisarcticoutbreakandconcernsforthesafetyofUSPSemployees,”USPSannouncedWednesdaymorning,“thePostalServiceissuspendingdeli

26、veryJan.30inthefollowing3-digitZIPCodelocations.”TwelveregionswerelistedasunsafeonWednesday;onThursday,eightremained.Asglobalsurfacetemperaturesincrease,sodoesthelikelihoodofextremeweather.In2018alone,wildfires,volcaniceruptions,hurricanes,mudslides,andothernaturaldisasterscostatleast$49billioninthe

27、UnitedStates.AsmycolleagueVannNewkirkreported,PuertoRicoisstillconfrontingeconomicandstructuraldestructionandresourcescarcityfrom2017sHurricaneMaria.Naturaldisasterscanwreckacommunitysinfrastructure,disruptingsystemsformonthsoryears.Someservices,however,remindusthatlifewilleventuallyreturn,insomefor

28、m,tonormal.Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California,adronecaughtfootageofaUSPSworker,TrevorSmith,drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea.Thevideoisstriking:Theoperationisfamiliar,butthescenelooksliketheendoftheworld.AccordingtoRaeAnnHaight,theprogr

29、ammanagerforthenational-preparednessofficeatUSPS,Smithwasfulfillingarequestmadebysomeofthehomeownerstopickupanymailthatwasleftuntouched.ForSmith,thiswasjustanotherdayonthejob.“IfollowedmyroutelikeInormallydo,”Smithtoldareporter.“AsIdcomeacrossaboxthatwasupbutwithnohouse,Ichecked,andtherewasmailoutgo

30、ingmailinit.Andsowepickedthoseupandcarriedon.”USPShassophisticatedemergencyplansfornaturaldisasters.Acrossthecountry,285emergency-managementteamsaredevotedtocrisiscontrol.TheseteamsaretrainedannuallyusingaframeworkknownasthethreePs:people,property,product.Aftermailservicestopsduetoweather,theagencys

31、toppriorityisensuringthatemployeesaresafe.Thenitevaluatesthehealthofinfrastructure,suchastheroadsthatmailcarriersdriveon.Finally,itdecideswhenandhowtore-openoperations.Ifthedestructionisextreme,mailaddressedtotheareawillgetsentelsewhere.InresponsetoHurricaneKatrinain2005,USPSredirectedincomingNewOrl

32、eansmailtoexistingmailfacilitiesinHouston.MailthatwasalreadyprocessedinNewOrleansfacilitieswasmovedtoanupperfloorsoitwouldbeprotectedfromwaterdamage.Assoonasitssafeenoughtobeoutside,couriersstartdistributingaccumulatedmailonthestill-accessibleroutes.USPSurgesthosewithoutstandingaddressestofilechange

33、-of-addressformswiththeirnewlocation.AfterHurricaneKatrinahitin2005,mailfacilitiesweresetupindozensofotherlocationsacrossthecountryinthetwoweeksthatUSPSwasunabletoprovidestreetdelivery.Everyday,USPSprocesses,onaverage,millionpiecesofmailanythingfrompostcardstoSocialSecuritycheckstomedicine.Spokespeo

34、plefrombothUSPSandUPStoldmeallmailisimportant.Butsomemailcanbeextremelysensitiveandtimely.AccordingtodatareleasedinJanuary2017,56percentofbillsarepaidonline,whichmeansthatjustunderhalfofpaymentsstillrelyondeliveryservicestobecompleted.ItcanbehardtoidentifywhichparcelsarecarryingcrucialitemssuchasSoc

35、ialSecuritychecks,butUSPSandUPStrytheirbesttoprioritizesensitivematerial.TheywillcoordinatewiththeSocialSecurityAdministrationtomakesurethatSocialSecuritychecksreachtherightpeopleinatimelyfashion.AfterHurricaneFlorenceandHurricaneMichaellastfall,USPSworkedwithstateandlocalelectionboardstomakesuretha

36、tabsenteeballotswereavailableandreceivedontime.Mailcompaniesarelogisticscompanies,whichputstheminaspecialpositiontohelpwhendisasterstrikes.Ina2011USPScasestudy,theagencyemphasizeditsmassiveinfrastructureasa“uniquefederalasset”tobecalleduponinadisasterorterroristattack.“Ithinkwereuniqueasafederalagen

37、cy,”USPSofficialMikeSwigarttoldme,“becausewereinliterallyeverycommunityinthiscountryWereobligatedtodelivertothatpointonadailybasis.”Privatecouriercompanies,whichhavemoredollarstospend,usetheirexpertiseinlogisticstohelprevitalizedamagedareasafteradisaster.Formorethanadecade,FedExhassupportedtheAmeric

38、anRedCrossinitsefforttogetemergencysuppliestoareasaffectedbydisasters,bothdomesticallyandinternationally.In2012,thecompanydistributedmorethan1,200MedPackstoMedicalReserveCorpsgroupsinCalifornia,anddonatedspaceformillionpoundsofcharitableshippingglobally.LastOctober,thecompanypledged$1millionincashan

39、dtransportationsupportforHurricanesFlorenceandMichael.UPSscharitablearm,theUPSFoundation,usesthecompanyslogisticstohelpdisaster-struckareasrebuild.“Werealizethatasacompanywithpeople,trucks,warehouses,weneededtoplayalargerrole,”saidEduardoMartinez,thepresidentoftheUPSFoundation.Thecompanyemploysitstr

40、ucksandplanestodeliverfood,medicine,andwater.ThedaybeforeIspoketoMartinezinNovember,hehadbeentouringthedamagefromHurricaneMichaelinFloridawiththeAmericanRedCross.“Wehaveanobligationtomakesureourcommunitiesarethriving,prosperous,”hesaid.Rebuildingcantakealongtime,andeventhen,impressionsofthedisasterm

41、aystillremain.Returningtoasenseofnormalcycanbedifficult,butsomesmallroutinesmaildeliverybeingoneofthemmayhelpresidentsrememberthattheircommunitiesarestilltheircommunities.“Whentheyseethatcarrierbackoutonthestreet,”Swigartsaid,“thatsthefirstsigntothemthatlifeisstartingtoreturntonormal.”TheUnitedState

42、sPostalServicehasasystemtoensureitsemployeessafety.OneofficialsaysUSPSisuniqueinthatithasmoredirectreachtocommunitiescomparedwithotherfederalagenciesNaturaldisasterscanhavealong-lastingimpactoncommunitylife.Maildeliveryservicei$stillresponsibleforthecompletionofalmosthalfofpayments.Thesightofamailma

43、nonthestreetisareassuringsignoflifebecomingnormalagain.AfterHurricaneKatrinainterruptedroutinedelivery,temporarymailservicepointsweresetup.PostalserviceinsomeregionsintheU.S.wassuspendedduetoextremecoldweather.Privatepostalcompaniesalsosupportdisasterreliefeffortsbydistributingurgentsupplies.Adedica

44、tedUSPSemployeewasonthejobcarryingoutdutiesinspiteofextremeconditions.Postalservicesworkhardtoidentifyitemsthatrequireprioritytreatment.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).You

45、shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlinecla

46、ss,KnowledgeBasedArtificialIntelligence.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTechsonlineMasterofScienceinComputerScienceprogram.ProfessorGoelalreadyhad8teachingassistants,butthatwasntenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofquestionsfromstudents.Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelack

47、ofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWatson,whichisbasedontheIBMWatsonplatformGoelandhisteamdeveloped

48、severalversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasnttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindall40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.ThentheybegantofeedJillthequestionsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustmentandsufficientt

49、ime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudentsquestionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidntknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwithartificialintelligenceandcouldnttellitapartfromarealhumanbeing.Goeldidntinformt

50、hemaboutJillstrueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.ThegoalofProfessorGoelsvirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallquestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.Thename,JillWatson,willofcourse,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosi

51、eroutlookonthefutureofAIthansay,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.WhatdowelearnaboutKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligenceA)ItisarobotthatcananswerstudentsquestionsB)ItisacoursedesignedforstudentstolearnonlineC)Itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteachingD)Itisacomputerprogramthataids

52、studentlearning47.WhatproblemdidProfessorGoelmeetwithA)HisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistantsB)HiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudentsC)StudentsquestionsweretoomanytohandleD)Toomanystudentsdroppedoutofhiscourse48.WhatdowelearnaboutJillWatsonA)SheturnedouttobeagreatsuccessB)Shegotalongprettywellw

53、ithstudentsC)ShewasunwelcometostudentsatfirstD)Shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment49.HowdidthestudentsfeelaboutJillWatsonA)TheythoughtshewasabittooartificialB)TheyfoundhernotascapableasexpectedC)Theycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.D)Theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.WhatdoesProfessorGoelplantodonextwi

54、thJillWatsonLaunchdifferentversionsofheronline.Feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.Assignhertoanswermoreofstudentsquestions.D)Encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thinkingsmall,beingengaging,andhavingasenseofhumordonthurt.Thoseareafewofthe

55、traitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingeffortsthatemergefromarecentstudythatexaminednearly400campaigns.Buthavingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestobuildingwater-savinggadg

56、ets.ScientistshavetriedtotapInternetdonors,too,withmixedsuccess.Someraisedmorethantwicetheirgoal,butothershavefallenshortofreachingmoremodesttargets.Todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarMikeSchferoftheUniversityofZurichinSwitzerlandexa

57、minedthecontentoftheWebPagesfor371recentcampaigns.Fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,theresearchersreportinPublicUnderstandingofScience.Forone,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,andnotjustanykindofproject.AlthoughsiteslikeKickstartertakeallcomers,platfo

58、rmssuchas,andonlypresentscientificprojects.Foranother,theypresenttheprojectwithafunnyvideobecausegoodvisualsandasenseofhumorimprovedsuccess.Mostofthemengagewithpotentialdonorssinceprojectsthatansweredquestionsfrominteresteddonorsandpostedlabnotesfaredbetter.Andtheytargetasmallamountofmoney.Theprojec

59、tsincludedinthestudyraised$4000onaverage,with30%ofprojectsreceivinglessthan$1000.Themoremoneyaprojectsought,thelowerthechanceitreacheditsgoal,theresearchersfound.Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaprojectssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientistspersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesea

60、rcherpromotesaprojectonhisorherown.Thosetwofactorsarebyfarmorecriticalthanthecontentonthepage.Crowdfundingcanbepartofresearcherseffortstoreachthepublic,andpeoplegivebecause“theyfeelaconnectiontotheperson”whoisdoingthefundraisingnotnecessarilytothescience.Whatdowelearnaboutthescientiststryingtoraisem