微技能6 结构性关键词：谓语动词

1、微技能6 结构性关键词：谓语动词 阅读进阶 Graded Reading 在前两期中，我们知道要读懂一个句子的大意，不需要读每一个字，只需要找到句子中的关键词。关键词有两种：一种是结构性关键词，另一种是内容性关键词。在这一期，我们将学习结构性关键词的一个核心内容：谓语动词。 结构性关键词(一)：谓语动词 在一个英语句子中，可能有多个动词消失，但只有一个词是谓语动词。这个词通常表示动作的主体，也就是主语的主要动作。 请看下面5个句子。红色字体为谓语动词。 1. Do you speak English? 2. I love my school. 3. It takes me two hours

2、to get there. 4. I have milk and bread for breakfast. 5. I play computer games every weekend. 明显，这些句子中的谓语动词是句子的核心成分,也就是句子中的关键词。阅读一个句子时，假如你能快速地辨认出句子的谓语动词，就基本上把握了句子的核心愿思。 小练习 找出下面8个句子中的谓语动词。 1. It gets over 20 million times views. 2. Many things change. 3. You will grow up. 4. You may leave your homet

3、own. 5. We want to tell you what China looks like now. 6. The movie came back this summer holiday. 7. Less and less Chinese people write Chinese characters. 8. The new season also has other changes. 你找到这些句子的谓语动词了吗？假如你同时在学习我们的微技能写作系列，你也可以分析一下这些谓语动词的词性和他们的句式。 我们虽然知道谓语动词的词性不是查找关键词的核心，但假如熟识了一个动词的词性，这将会很

4、快找到与谓语动词相关联的关键词。比如，一个及物动词后面肯定会直接跟一个名词。这个名词，通常也会是句子的关键词。而一个不及物动词通常不会直接跟一个名词。假如要跟名词的话，就需要一个介词。而这个介词，通常不是句子的关键词。下面我们分别以上面几个句子为例来分析这两种状况。 1）及物动词+名词 It gets over 20 million times views. You may leave your hometown. Less and less Chinese people write Chinese characters. 2）不及物动词+（介词）+（名词） You will grow up.

5、 The movie came back this summer holiday. He goes to school on foot everyday. 同学们现在有没有对谓语动词是句子的核心结构词或是结构关键词有点体会了呢？ 下面是前一期我们要大家做过的关键词阅读练习，请你体会谓语动词在句子中的作用。 Do you want to have a great seventh grade? Here are some tips: 1. Always be yourself. Dont care too much about what other people think of you. 2.

6、Always have a small group of best friends. 3. Always put your study in the first place. There are many interesting things in the seventh grade! But dont forget your study! 4. Have fun! 写作进阶 Graded Writing 同学们，在上一期，我们初步学习了英语问句的构成。这一期，我们将系统地学习一般疑问句和特别疑问句的构成以及回答。 一般疑问句和特别疑问句 请大家先看下面的几个简洁对话,并回答问题。 A: Do

7、 you speak English? B: Yes, I do. But only a little. A: Are you a student of Grade 7? B: Yes, I am. A: Where are you from? B: I am from China. A: How do you do? B: How do you do? A: Can you swim? B: Yes, I can. A: Can you teach me? B: Sure. 问题： 你有没有发觉上面问句的构成特点呢？ 现在我们依据上面的句子来概括英语一般疑问句和特别疑问句的特点。 1）一般疑

8、问句的核心是助动词前置，如对话一和对话三中的问句。其中英语中常用的助动词是：do/does (过去时是did)、am/is/are (过去时是was/were)以及can(过去时是could)。特别疑问句的核心是特别疑问词,如对话二中的问句。 2）一般疑问句和特别疑问句的构成 一般疑问句，直接由助动词+主语+谓语动词构成。例如： Did you go to school yesterday? Are you a student of Grade 7? Can I borrow your dictionary? 特别疑问句，一般是由特别疑问词+一般疑问句构成。即特别疑问词如who, what,

9、why, how, where等后跟由助动词前置的一般疑问句。例如： Whats your name? Where are you from? How are you? 3）一般疑问句和特别疑问句的回答 通常来说，一般疑问句用Yes/No作答；特别疑问句问及什么回答什么。 练习一 请将下面的陈述句改为一般疑问句。 1. David had milk and bread for breakfast yesterday. 2. They are on the playground. 3. She is very happy at her new school. 4. He can drive. 5. Her father wears a blue jacket. 练习二 请对下面句子中划线部分提问。 1. The student is from Shanghai. （Where） 2. My sister likes dogs because they are friendly. (Why) 3. Tom went to school by bus yesterday. (How) 4