2022年江苏省常熟市高二下学期期中英语试卷

1、20212022学年第二学期期中试卷高二英语注意事项：1本试卷分为选择题和非选择题，满分150分。考试时间120分钟。2请将选择题的答案填涂在答题卷上，非选题请直接在答题卷上规定的地方作答。答题前，务必将自己的学校、姓名、考试号等相关信息写在答题卷上规定的地方。第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A1 Doha, QatarQatar is currently involved in a major conflict with many other countries in

2、 the Middle Eastern region, but visitors to its capital , Doha, will still find themselves in the safest city in the world. Its home to the Museum of Islamic Art, designed by I.M. Pei with inspiration from traditional Islamic architecture, which houses Islamic art from three different continents tha

3、t have a history of over 1,400 years.2 Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesDropping down from the top spot last year is Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, with a safety index of 88.03. While it has a population of just over 1 million, only 420,000 are actually citizens-whose average net

4、worth is $17 million dollars. It is also home to the Sheikh Zzyed Mosque, the countrys largest, as well as many camel races.3 Quebec City, CanadaQuebec City is one of the few cities in North America that still has its original city walls. One of the most romantic cities on the planet, its Old Town w

5、as named a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and as a city with just over 700,000 residents, its got a safety index of 85.36, landing it in the top three.4 Osaka, JapanOsaka is the best city in Japan for food, drinks, and nightlife, and its safer than ever. Make sure you visit Osaka Castle while youre her

6、e, which has a park attached, or the nearby Momofuku Ando Instant Ramen Museum, where you can even customize(定制）your own Cup Noodles to take home.1. In which city can you watch a special sports event?A. Doha.B. Abu Dhabi.C. Qubec City.D. Osaka.2. What can you do in Qucbec City, Canada?A. Appreciate

7、Islamic art.B. Go to see castles.C. Visit ancient city walls.D. Make the noodles you like3. What do the cities have in common?A. They have museums.B. They are romantic.C. They have wealthy citizens.D. They are very safe.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D【解析】【分析】本文是应用文。这是一则旅游广告。文章介绍了四个城市的特点。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据2 Abu Dhabi

8、, United Arab Emirates中It is also home to the Sheikh Zzyed Mosque, the countrys largest, as well as many camel races.“这里也是沙特最大的清真寺谢赫齐义德清真寺的所在地，同时也是许多骆驼比赛的举办地。”可知，在Abu Dhabi城市可以观看特别的体育赛事。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据3 Quebec City, Canada中Quebec City is one of the few cities in North America that still has its o

9、riginal city walls.“Quebec City是北美少数几个仍保留其原有城墙的城市之一。”可知，在加拿大Qucbec City参观古老的城墙。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据1 Doha, Qatar中but visitors to its capital , Doha, will still find themselves in the safest city in the world. 2 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates中Dropping down from the top spot last year is Abu Dhabi, the

10、 capital of the United Arab Emirates, with a safety index of 88.03. 3 Quebec City, Canada中and as a city with just over 700,000 residents, its got a safety index of 85.36, landing it in the top three.和4 Osaka, Japan中Osaka is the best city in Japan for food, drinks, and nightlife, and its safer than e

11、ver.可知，这四个城市的共同点是“他们非常安全”。故选D。BSustained Silent Reading (SSR) is the practice of providing a short period of class time for students to read silently whatever they choose according to their interests.SSR programs can be offered at actually any grade level. However,it takes a great deal of time,effor

12、t,and know-how to put a successful SSR program into operation. I first recognized this when I was a high school teacher twenty years ago. Though some of my students were happy to be allowed to select and read books in class, many never truly dived into their reading. I knew that there must be ways t

13、o improve the implementation(实施） of my SSR program, but I wasnt sure what they were.Years later, when I returned to the University of Southern California, I began analyzing a large sample of SSR studies to determine what made them effective and found that successful programs shared five key factors:

14、 easy access to reading materials, sufficiently interesting materials, teachers encouragement, follow-up activities and reading at least twice a week.In fact, only when teachers follow specific guidelines do these programs achieve their full potential. Having learned this, I decided to create an “id

15、eal SSR program for my students by employing the five factors above. At the same time, another high school in our district also made the decision to offer students SSR time each day. However, having no knowledge of the five factors, the teachers simply asked their students to “read anything for fift

16、een minutes.The result was that the students at my school outperformed (胜过） the other school in four areas: reading comprehension, positive attitudes toward reading, frequency of after-school pleasure reading, and use of a wider range of reading sources. I shared my findings with the other schools s

17、taff members. Since then, both schools have experienced the positive benefits of SSR.Today,I have given many lectures at a wide variety of schools where teachers are eager to learn “how-to methods for developing programs that will motivate their students to become hooked on reading.They ask a variet

18、y of excellent questions and I have never been bored of answering them.4. What do we know about the SSR program from Paragraph 1?A. Its an after-class reading program.B. It suits students of all grade levels.C. It requires teachers to select books according to their interest.D. Its easy to conduct t

19、he SSR program successfully in practice.5. Years later the authors studies of SSR showed that .A. fifteen minutes reading a week was enough.B. successful SSR programs relied on five key factors.C. easy reading materials made SSR programs effective.D. students potential could be achieved through read

20、ing.6. The authors “ideal” SSR program helps his students perform better in .A. positive life attitudesB. great interest in studyingC. understanding abilities in readingD. owning wider studying sources7. The author writes the passage to .A. introduce his specific progress in studying SSRB. tell read

21、ers about his SSR teaching experienceC. talk about his confusion about teaching readingD. share the “how-to” of Sustained Silent Reading【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在学校开展SSR（持续静默阅读）的历程以及反思经验。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“SSR programs can be offered at actually any grade level.”可知，实际上，SSR（持续静

22、默阅读）课程可以提供给任何年级。即SSR课程适合所有年级的学生。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“ Years later, when I returned to the University of Southern California, I began analyzing a large sample of SSR studies to determine what made them effective and found that successful programs shared five key factors: easy access to reading mate

23、rials, sufficiently interesting materials, teachers encouragement, follow-up activities and reading at least twice a week.”可知，多年后，当我回到南加州大学时，我开始分析大量 SSR 研究样本，以确定是什么使它们有效，并发现成功的项目具有五个关键因素：易于获取阅读材料、足够有趣的材料、教师的鼓励、后续活动和每周至少两次阅读。由此可知，多年后作者对SSR（持续静默阅读）的研究表明了成功的SSR（持续静默阅读） 计划取决于五个关键因素。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段

24、的“The result was that the students at my school outperformed the other school in four areas: reading comprehension, positive attitudes toward reading, frequency of after-school pleasure reading, and use of a wider range of reading sources.”可知，结果是，我校学生在阅读理解能力、积极阅读态度、课后休闲阅读频率、阅读资源使用范围更广等四个方面胜过其他学校。由此可

25、知，作者的理想SSR（持续静默阅读）计划帮助他的学生拥有了更好的阅读理解能力。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“I knew that there must be ways to improve the implementation(实施） of my SSR program, but I wasnt sure what they were.”可知，我知道一定有方法可以改进我的 SSR 计划的实施，但我不确定它们是什么。根据第2题的分析可知，多年后作者对SSR（持续静默阅读）的研究表明了成功的SSR（持续静默阅读） 计划取决于五个关键因素。根据第三段的“In fact, only

26、when teachers follow specific guidelines do these programs achieve their full potential. Having learned this, I decided to create an “ideal SSR program for my students by employing the five factors above. ”可知，事实上，只有当教师遵循特定的指导方针时，这些课程才能充分发挥其潜力。了解到这一点后，我决定通过以上五个因素为我的学生创建一个理想的 SSR 计划。根据第3题的分析可知，作者的理想SS

27、R（持续静默阅读）计划帮助他的学生拥有了更好的阅读理解能力。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享SSR（持续静默阅读）的“操作方法”。故选D。CThe low percentage of women in science ，technology，engineering，and mathematics(STEM) careers is often attributed (归因于) to men being believed to be better at the sort of thinking those fields require. Though studies have debunked

28、 the view,they have largely been based on results acquired from various several standardized tests. Now, researchers from Pennsylvania S Carnegie Mellon University have found evidence that is hard to overlook; MRI (磁共振成像) proves that young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the b

29、rain to solve math problems.The groundbreaking study to evaluate the biological gender differences in the math talent of young children was led by the university s professor of neuroscience, Jessica Cantlon. For their study ,the team selected 104 young children, between 3 and 10 years old, divided a

30、lmost equally by gender. The scientists used a functional MRI to observe their brain activity as they engaged in math tasks. These included watching age appropriate educational videos and doing math exercises such as counting and addition,as well as reading for comparison.“We looked at which areas o

31、f the brain respond more strongly to mathematics content in the videos and tasks, compared to non math content like reading or the alphabet, Cantlon said.“When we do that in lite girls, we see a particular network of the brain respond,and when we do that same analysis in boys, we see the exact same

32、regions.”So why do girls and young women tend to avoid math and STEM careers in general? Cantlon thinks it may be rooted in social and cultural conventions. Previous studies have indicated that parents tend to spend more time with young boys in play that inspire spatial cognition (空间认知)-such as toys

33、 that involve learning number skills and shapes and solving puzzles. Educators were also observed to spend more time with boys during math class.8. What does the underlined word“debunked” in paragraph 1 mean?A. Disproved.B. Supported.C. Confirmed.D. Overlooked.9. What does paragraph 2 mainly focus o

34、n?A. The purpose of the research.B The process of the research.C. The participants of the research.D. The findings of the research.10. What contributes to the lack of women in STEM careers?A. Mental capacity.B. Gender difference.C. Traditional prejudice.D. Family background.11. What can be a suitabl

35、e title for the text?A. MRI- A Great Helper in ResearchB. Toys- Boosters for STEM PotentialC. Boys and Girls: Equally Talented in MathD. STEM Careers: Calling for More w omen【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，年轻男孩和女孩大脑中使用相同的机制和网络来解决数学问题。并介绍了研究的过程以及解释了女孩和年轻女性一般都倾向于避开数学和STEM职业的原因。【8题详解】词义猜测

36、题。第一段中的“The low percentage of women in science ，technology，engineering，and mathematics(STEM) careers is often attributed (归因于) to men being believed to be better at the sort of thinking those fields require.”女性在科学、技术、工程和数学职业上的低比例往往归因于男性被认为更擅长这些领域需要的思考方式。“young girls and boys use the same mechanisms

37、and networks in the brain to solve math problems.”年轻男孩和女孩大脑中使用相同的机制和网络来解决数学问题。根据句意，并且though表示转折，可以推断出前后观点不一致，所以，研究结果驳斥了前面的观点。由此可知“debunked”的意思是反驳，故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的内容“the team selected 104 young children, between 3 and 10 years old, divided almost equally by gender. The scientists used a functi

38、onal MRI to observe their brain activity ”在他们的研究中，研究小组选择了104名年龄在3到10岁之间的儿童，他们的性别几乎相同。科学家们使用功能性核磁共振成像来观察可知，第二段讲述了研究对象，观察的方法，研究的内容等，所以第二段关注了研究的过程。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容“it may be rooted in social and cultural conventions. Previous studies have indicated that parents tend to spend more time with y

39、oung boys in play that inspire spatial cognition (空间认知)such as toys that involve learning number skills and shapes and solving puzzles. Educators were also observed to spend more time with boys during math class.” Cantlon认为这可能根植于社会和文化习俗。之前的研究表明，父母倾向于花更多的时间和小男孩一起玩能激发他们空间认知能力的游戏，比如学习数字技能、形状和解决谜题的玩具。研究

40、还发现，教育工作者在数学课上花更多的时间和男孩在一起。可知，传统的偏见导致了STEM职业中缺少女性。故选C项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一段中的“young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems”（年轻男孩和女孩大脑中使用相同的机制和网络来解决数学问题。）是全文的主题句，后文解释了研究的过程以及女孩和年轻女性一般都倾向于避开数学和STEM职业的原因。可知，所以这篇文章最合适的题目是“男孩和女孩:在数学方面同样有天赋”，故选C项。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是

41、：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。该文是介绍一个研究结果的，该类文章的中心一般就在第一段。因此，考生直接抓住第一段中的“young girls and boys use the same mechanisms and networks in the brain to solve math problems”即可找到文章中心。DIn a large survey of peoples fi

42、rst memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional, according to findings published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.Current research indicates that peoples earliest memories date from around 3 to 3. 5 years

43、 of age. However, the study from researchers at City, University of London, the University of Bradford, and Nottingham Trent University found that 38.6% of 6, 641 participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming memories from age 1 or younger. This was particular

44、ly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults.As many of these memories dated before the age of 2 and younger, the authors suggest that these fictional memories are based on remembered fragments(碎片) of early experiencesuch as a pram(婴儿车)，family relationships and feeling sadand some facts or knowle

45、dge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations.“Further details may be unconsciously inferred or added, e. g. that one was wearing nappy when standing in the cot(幼儿床), added Shazia Akhatr, first author on the study and Senior Research As

46、sociate at the University of Bradford.“When we looked through the responses from participants we found that a lot of these first memories were frequently related to infancy, and a typical example would be a memory based around a pram, explained Martin Conway, Director at the Centre for Memory and La

47、w at City, University of London and coauthor of the paper.“For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something like mother and a large green pram. The person then imagines what it would have looked like. Over time these fragments then become a memory and often the

48、person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top, he added.Crucially, the person remembering them doesnt know this is fictional, Conway noted. In fact when people are told that their memories are false they often dont believe it. This partly due to the fact that the systems

49、that allow us to remember things are very complex, and its not until were 5 or 6 that we form adult-like memories due to the way that the brain develops and due to our maturing understanding of the world.12. What does the underlined word prevalent in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Unique.B. Crazy.C. C

50、ommon.D. Doubtful.13. What can be concluded from the study mentioned in the passage?A. Some people have clear knowledge about their own infancy.B. Added details are an important clue to recall the childhood.C. Most people claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger.D. Talks between family members

51、 influence the earliest memories.14. How does Martin Conway present his opinion?A. By making comparison.B. By setting examples.C. By analyzing data.D. By referring to documents.15. Whats the main idea of the text?A. Many peoples earliest memories may be fictional.B. Peoples earliest memories can dat

52、e back to 2 or younger.C. The middle-aged and adults specialize in detailing their first memory.D. Memories develop due to our maturing understanding of the world.【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，最新发表的研究结果，在一项大型调查中，近40%的受调查者反映的最初记忆可能是虚构的；这些记忆或基于早期经历的记忆片段或与童年相关的一些事实或认识，还可能无意识地添加更多细节。【12题详解】

53、词义猜测题。根据上文“38.6% of 6, 641 participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger, with 893 people claiming memories from age 1 or younger(6641名参与者中有38.6%的人声称拥有2岁或更小的记忆，893人声称拥有1岁或更小的记忆)”可以推断出，划线句意为“这一现象在中年和年长的成年人中尤为普遍”，所以划线词“prevalent”意为“普遍的”。故选C项。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“these fictional memories a

54、re based on remembered fragments(碎片) of early experiencesuch as a pram(婴儿车)，family relationships and feeling sadand some facts or knowledge about their own infancy or childhood which may have been derived from photographs or family conversations(这些虚构的记忆是基于早期经历的记忆片段比如婴儿车、家庭关系、悲伤感，以及一些关于自己婴儿期或童年的事实或知识

55、，这些可能来自照片或家庭对话)”可以得出，家庭成员之间的对话会影响最早的记忆。故选D项。【14题详解】推理判断题。倒数第三段Martin Conway提出他的观点，即人类的记忆是基于早期经历的记忆片段。根据倒数第二段“For this person, this type of memory could have resulted from someone saying something like mother and a large green pram. The person then imagines what it would have looked like. Over time t

56、hese fragments then become a memory and often the person will start to add things in such as a string of toys along the top(对这个人来说，这种类型的记忆可能来自于某人说妈妈和一个绿色的大婴儿车之类的话。然后这个人就会想象它的样子。随着时间的推移，这些碎片就会成为记忆，人们通常会开始添加一些东西，比如一串玩具在上面)”可知， Martin Conway是在列举实例来证明自己的观点。故选B项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“In a large survey

57、 of peoples first memories, nearly 40% of participants reported a first memory that is likely to be fictional(在一项关于人们最初记忆的大型调查中，近40%的参与者报告说，他们的最初记忆很可能是虚构的)”可知，本文主要讲述研究表明许多人的最初记忆或为虚构的。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Choosing the right career can be hard. Many pe

58、ople graduate from school or college not knowing what to do with their lives, and get a job without really thinking about it. For some, things work out fine. _16_ Your working life lasts an average of forty years, so its important to find a job you like and feel enthusiastic about. Luckily, there ar

59、e many ways you can get help to do this.The Australian website, , compares choosing a career with going to the movies. Before you see a movie, you find out what films are showing. _17_ find out what jobs are available and what your options are. Next, decide which movie you like best; if youre not a

60、romantic person, you wont want to see a love story. In other words, with your career, you should decide which job will suit your personality. _18_ Meanwhile, you should find out where the theater is before you go. With your career, you need to find information about where you can work, how much you