动词时态讲稿

1、关于动词时态第一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月动词的时态一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时式时第二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月类别特点意义举例实义动词 (vt. vi.)及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思I have a book.不及物动词不能直接接宾语能独立作谓语She always comes late.系动词(link-v)跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整

2、意思I am a student.助动词(aux. v.)跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.情态动词 (mod. v.) 跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类返回第三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月二、短语动词构成方式举例动词+介词Look at, look after

3、动词+副词Give up, put into动词+副词+介词Catch up with, look down upon动词+名词+介词Take care of, pay attention to Be+形容词+介词Be proud of, be afraid of 复杂结构Make up ones mind：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下返回第四张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词形 式意 义举 例人称与主语在人称一致I am reading now. 第一人称数与主语在数上一致He writes well. 第

4、三人称单数时态表示动作发生的时间He wrote a letter to me last month. 过去时态语态主语是动作的发生者或者承受者We study English.主动The road was filled with rubbish. 被动语气说话人表达事实、要求、愿望等He has flown to America. 事实I wish I could fly to the moon some day. 愿望1、谓语动词(如下)2、非谓语动词返回第五张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月2、非谓语动词形式意义用途举例不定式起形容词和名词作用可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语It

5、 takes me 20 minutes to go to school动名词起名词作用作主语和宾语She likes reading.分词现在分词起形容词、副词作用，表主动作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语The cup is broken过去分词起形容词、副词作用，表被动The steam is seen rising from the wet clothes.第六张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月一般现在时 ： 一般过去时 am is are was were do（does） did第七张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月1.一般现在时（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态（

6、2）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力（3）表示客观事实或普遍用法（4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时eg.Weoftenwritetoeachother. 我们时常相互通信。 常与always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday，onceaweek，yearly每年，monthly每月， 等时间状语或频率副词连用。 eg.He works hard.他努力工作eg.The sun rises in the east. Light goes faster than soundeg.You will succeed if you try .I will tell him a

7、bout it as soon as I see him next Monday. 常与连词：when , as soon as , before , after , until , if 如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句练习返回第八张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then he _ a cold.A. has caught B. is catchingC. will catch D. does catch第九张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月I _ ping-pong qu

8、ite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play第十张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had comeC. come

9、s D. would come第十一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rainC. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine第十二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me.A. are writing B. will writeC. has written D. write第十三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月2.一般过去时(1).

10、表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态. e.g. He arrived in Hangzhou an hour ago. Where were you just now?(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态. e.g. Their children often went hungry in the old days. During his middle school years, he played football nearly every day.(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等. e.g. At that time she spoke very good English.

11、 练习返回第十四张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday, last night, two days (months, weeks) ago, in 1996, at that time 等,也常和when, if等引导的状语从句连用. e.g. Did you play volleyball yesterday afternoon?My father, when he was a child, worked 15 hours for the landlord a day.第十五张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月(

12、5).一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用. e.g. I saw him today.He came late three times this week.第十六张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月A: Come in, Peter, I want to show you something.B: _ Oh, how nice of you! I_ you_to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; wer

13、e going D. hadt thought; were going第十七张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月Would you please say that again？I_ what you said.didnt follow B. dont follow C. havent follow第十八张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月一般将来时 和 过去将来时will do would do be going to dobe about to dobe to dobe doing第十九张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月3.一般将来时a.will / shall +动词原

14、形(备：在口语中，shall和will常缩写成ll，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shall not和will not的简略式分别为shant和wont)(1)构成b. be going to + 动词原形c. be + 动词-ing形式（动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get等）d.be + 动词不定式 （例：You are to be back before 10:00 p.m. 你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事 ）(2)用法表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将要反复发生

15、的动作 (3)常用结构用于祈使句 + and + 陈术句中。Eg.Work hard and you will succeed. 与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。If you ask him, he will help you. 用于I expect, Im sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句中。 I dont think the test will be very difficult.返回练习第二十张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 Look at the black clouds. It _ soon.- Sure. If only we _ out.A.

16、 is raining; didnt comeB. is to rain; wont startC. will rain; havent startedD. is going to rain; hadnt come第二十一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月The plane at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.A. has leftB. is to leave C. will have left D. leaves第二十二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月8.过去将来时（1）意义：

17、表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中.（2）构成：主语+would/should+动词原形 主语+was/were+going to +动词原形 例:I didnt know if she would come. I wasnt sure whether he would do it . I didnt know if she was going to come. Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.返回练习第二十三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月( ) 3. Th

18、ere _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be第二十四张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.A. didnt decide; am consideringB. havent decided; considerC. havent decided; am considering

19、D. hadnt decided; have considered第二十五张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 Remember the first time we met, Jim? Of course I do. You in the library. A. were readingB. had read C. have read D. read第二十六张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月The children very quiet；I wonder what they up to.A. were； are being B. are being；are C. are；do D

20、. are being；do第二十七张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 Whats the matter? The shoes dont fit properly. Theymy feet.A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt 第二十八张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月将来进行时：强调将来某时或某段时间正在进行的动作 will / shall + be + v+ing将来完成时：强调在将来某时刻之前完成的动作或存在的状态,常和终止性动词连用。will/shall + have + vedWill do tomo

21、rrowWill be doing at 4:00 tomorrowWill have done by next week We will do the work tomorrow.We will be doing the work at 4:00 tomorrow.We will have finished the work by tomorrow.第二十九张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月现在进行时 is doing过去进行时 was doing 第三十张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月4.现在进行时(1)意义：a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。 常与now,the mom

22、ent等连用。(2)构成：主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing)练习返回例:Listen! Mary is singing an English song in the classroom. b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。 例:They are planting trees on the hill these days.c.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩。 例:My brother is always leaving things about. 注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。第三十一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月现在进

23、行时的练习1.Its nine oclock. My father_ (work) in the office. 2. The boy_(always put) the rubbish into the bin.返回第三十二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月5.过去进行时(1)意义：（2）构成：主语+was/were+现在分词1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。 如：They were building a dam last winter. 去年冬天他

24、们在建一个大坝。 3用于come, go, leave, start, arrive等表示位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如：They wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai. 返回练习第三十三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 Are you a visitor here? Thats right. Iround the world and now my dream of coming to Chinatrue.A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been

25、 come C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come第三十四张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 What were you up to when your parents came in? Ifor a while andsome reading.A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did第三十五张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月A: What were y

26、ou doing when Tony phoned you? B: I had just finished my work and _ to take a shower.A. had started B. started C have started D. was starting第三十六张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月9. -Has Jack finished his homework yet?-I have no idea. He_ it this morning.A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did第三十七张，PPT

27、共九十一页，创作于2022年6月现在完成时 和 过去完成时 Have had done（has） done第三十八张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月6.现在完成时（1）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。（2）结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词（3）四大标志词： * 以already, just和yet为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生 * 以ever和never为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过 * 以动作发生的次数为标志：He says he has

28、 been to the USA three times. * 以so far为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生返回练习第三十九张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月（4）注：a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, die-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。b. * 时间“点”、“段”须分清 for+时间段 sin

29、ce+过去某一时刻第四十张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, goneB. been, beenC. gone, beenD. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years. A. died B. has diedC. has been deadD. has been died第四十一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. when B. since C. bef

30、ore D. for第四十二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月9. Betty this morning? Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see 第四十三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月7.过去完成时(1)概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。如: When we got there, the football match had already s

31、tarted. 当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。(2)构成:肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+had not+过去分词+其他 疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他返回练习第四十四张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月3)用法: A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式： (1) 用by，before等构成的介词短语。 eg:Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month. (2) 用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。 eg:

32、The train had started before we got to the station. 第四十五张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月B. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 eg:I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.第四十六张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月Hardly had 主语 done when didScarcely had 主语 done when didNo soon

33、er had 主语 done than did第四十七张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月Hardly had 主语 done when didHardly had I got into the house when it began to rain.I had Hardly got into the house when It began to rain.第四十八张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月Scarcely had 主语 done when didScarcely had I got into the house when It began to rain.第四十九张，P

34、PT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月No sooner had 主语 done than didNo sooner had I got into the house than It began to rain.I had no sooner got into the house than It began to rain.第五十张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月She to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly gotC. no sooner got D

35、. had no sooner got第五十一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never him talk so much.A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heardD. had I heard第五十二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 you the editor at the airport? No, he away before my arrival.A. Have.met； has driven B. Had.met； was driven C

36、. Did.meet； had been driven D. Have.met； had driven 第五十三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月过去完成时John and Ifriends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that.A. had been； have met B. have been； have metC. had been； had met D. have been； ha

37、d met第五十四张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 Alice came back home the day before yesterday. Really ? Where ?A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone 第五十五张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响 强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在过去完成时：强调过去的过去完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作 have/ has +been + v+inghad+been + v+ing第五十六张，

38、PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer? No, it for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.A. was raining B. had been raining C. would be raining D. rained 第五十七张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he

39、about forty articles.has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wroteC. is writing； has been writingD. has written； has written 第五十八张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.A. didnt decide; am consideringB. havent decided; considerC. h

40、avent decided; am consideringD. hadnt decided; have considered第五十九张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月5.By the time you get to Shanghai tomorrow, I _for Chongqing/A. Am leaving B. will have left C. had worked D. was working6. Most students (take) _sixty credits by the time they graduate.第六十张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 I

41、will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow. Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and Imy guests in my office.A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met第六十一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 Is Tom still smoking? No. By next Saturday he for a whole month without smoking a sin

42、gle cigarette.A. will go B. will have gone C. will have beenD. has been going 第六十二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 What were you up to when your parents came in? Ifor a while andsome reading.A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did第六十三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6

43、月现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响 强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在have (has) done过去完成时：强调过去的过去Had done完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作 have/ has +been + v+ing第六十四张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月Since+点时间For+段时间 Just ,1year现在完成时Just,up to now, so far, till now ,recently, ever, lately, already. yet第六十五张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月现在完成时 have done现在完成进行时 have

44、been doingThe rain has stopped.The rain has been raining through the day.=(since yesterday.)第六十六张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he about forty articles.A. has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wroteC. is writing； has been writingD. has writ

45、ten； has written 第六十七张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.A. didnt decide; am considering B. havent decided; considerC. havent decided; am consideringD. hadnt decided; have considered第六十八张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月动词的时态技巧总结点时间,by引导,选用完成式./ since

46、点, for时段,刚好一年(just 1year) 现在完成时By +(the end of )+现在时间=现在完成时By +(the end of )+过去时间=过去完成时By +(the end of )+将来时间=将来完成时第六十九张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月 1.时态: 完成时：by now: We have finished all the work (by now).by next week: We will have finished all the work by next week. (by the time you get there).by last wee

47、k:We had finished all the work by last night.第七十张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月一般过去时 did 过去完成时 had done 现在完成时 have done Nancy is not coming tonight. -But she _! A. promises B. promised C. will promised D. had promised第七十一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月她一到家天就开始下雨。(hardlywhen/no soonerthan.)Hardly had she got home when i

48、t began to rain.Scarcely had she got home when it began to rain.No sooner had she got home than it began to rain.第七十二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月3.No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game beganB. has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun第七十三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月1. -Where is

49、Jim?-He _ to the shop. Hell be back in an hour.goes B. go C. has gone D. will go2. I dont think I _ you in that dress before. A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see3. Im sorry youve missed the train. It _10 minutes ago. A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been leftPractice:第七十四张，PPT共九十一页，创作于202

50、2年6月3.As soon as I_ _(get) home, it started to rain heavily.(2003-12B)4.Hardly had we gathered in the square when it (begin) _to rain.(2005-1B)第七十五张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月7.Next week we (sign) _the sales contract with the new supplier.(2006-6B)第七十六张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月8.He said, “I_a lot of new words b

51、y the end of last year.”(2002-12B)had already learnt B. would have already learntC. have already learnt D. already learnt9.When I found Linda, she (play) _ table tennis with her friend Jean.(2002-6B)第七十七张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月9.Up till now I (spend) _a great deal of money on books, magazines and newsp

52、apers.10.In these five years, the foundation (collect) _a large amount of money.11.This is the first time I (see) _such a terrible scene.第七十八张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月10.The police promised that they (try)_ their best to look into the matter.(2002-6A)11.Though he _(prepare )well before the job interview,

53、 he failed to answer some important questions.(2005-6A)第七十九张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月12.Jim told me he (join) _the army two years before.(2003-12A)13.Tom took no notice of what I was saying because he thought I (cheat)_him.(2001-12A)第八十张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月14.This time next week Ill be on vocation. Proba

54、bly I_ on a beautiful beach.(2003-12A)A. am lying B. have lain C. will be lying D. will have lain第八十一张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月15.By the end of this year the factory (produce)_20,000 cell phones.(2005-12A)16.By the time you get to Shanghai tomorrow, I_ for Chongqing.(2004-6A)第八十二张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月17.Most students (take) _ sixty credits by the time they graduate.(2003-6A)18.He _(work )in this company since he graduated from Andong Technical College ten years ago.(2005-12A)第八十三张，PPT共九十一页，创作于2022年6月19.Ever s