在英语环境中学乐理－音乐教育研究

1、在英语环境中学乐理音乐教育研究PreparedfrthsehanttbefailitatedfrthEiruniatinithpepleinterestedinusiinthisglbal-villageenvirnent刘沛ByLiupeiThisheklistisdevelpedtenuragethestudentsthekperidiallyhethertheusineptstheyknareunderstdinEnglish.Siplygthrughtheflling.Askyurself,frthestandpintfanevaluatr,thequestinsandgiveyurr

2、espnsessuhas:1.Yes,IfullyunderstandtheeaningfitandIanevengetthesenseutfithileplayingertainpieesheretheneptstandsasalientfeaturearusinguheaninginyetin,thinkingandaesthetiiaginatin.2.Yes,butntquitesure.ThenIightrevietheneptandatleastgetseipliatinsrhintsbasednreadingthedesriptinsprvided,andthenthinkabu

3、thatIpssiblyuldeventhrughyintuitin.Pleasereeberthatthistaskdesnteantipseanextraburdennyubuttprvideaself-gvernedandself-studybasedpprtunityfryutrevieandbetterrganizehatyuhaveexpsedt,pertainingtyurding,thinkingandfeelingintherealfusi.HavingyurselfequippediththeknledgeinEnglishfusi-relatedideasillfaili

4、tateyuruniatinithusiinterestedpepleinthisglbalvillageheretalksinanytpiusingEnglishisbeingarutinepratie.【】neptsabutsund,thebasisubstaneusedintheartfusi:(1)Vibratinvs.Sund:Pleasentethatthefrerreferstaphenennintherealfbjetivityandthelatterisithhateexperieneinthehearingehanisbeingsubjetiveinitsnature.Th

5、erearefurphysialattributesrprpertiesnsideredessentialinvibratinfrequeny,intensity,tieandavefrthatdeterine,respetively,hatehearassensatinsfpith,ludness,duratinandtibrertnequalitythefurrrespndingentalparaeters.Theseterinlgiesareinludedinthefieldfpsyhaustis,ntnrallyinthestudyfusi.Hever,itisneessaryfrus

6、istudentstbeaquaintediththeseneptsbeausetheyightbeusefulhenyuruniatinursithpepleutftheirlefusiians,butthsesuhaspsyhlgists.(2)Atentativedefinitinfsund:【】Sundisentalrefletinfvibratinithinaertainrangefitsaustiprperties.Thedefinitingivenisbased,angtherthings,nthefllingfats:(a)Rangeffrequeniesthathuansul

7、dpssiblypereiveisfrthelestpssiblefrequenyf12Hztthehighest20,000Hzrughly.Thehighervibratinsbeyndthisrangeffrequenyuldbeheardby,aybe,puppies.(b)Ifthevibratinis,intersfitsintensity,teak,thenhuansuldntabletsenseitasasund.(3)nsideratinsftneseplyedinusi:【】usitnevs.Nise;Puretnevs.psitetne;Fundaentaltneandv

8、ertnes,partials;Relatinshipithtibre:usialtnes,rsiplytnes,fallinttategrieshenevaluatedbytheriteriahetherthetnehasadefinitepith:usialtnehasbutnisedesnt.Yuayndutaquikexperientithtdifferentsundsures.Yuuldeasilysingbak,ithinyurvierangefurse,atneprduedfrthepianbutitisdiffiultevenipssiblefryutiitateexatlyt

9、hesundeittedbylappingyurhands.Itissbeausethefrer(ausialtne)ispithedbutthelatter(anise)nt.Heveritdesnteanthatniseakesnntributinsttheartfusi.Infat,itdesandisssignifiantthatAfriandruingandethn-usiinhinaresrtuhttheperussininstruentsandanyftheperussinsarenise-based.Puretneisrarelyusedinusibutisstftenused

10、inpyhaustiresearhhereitisruialthatunneessaryvariablesbeeliinatedtavidinterfereneftheinfluentialeleents,therthanthedefinedindependentvariable,iththeeffetfanexperientsthatthefindingftheresearhaybeseuredasafuntinfindependentvariablenly.Thetneprduedbyatuningfrk,thesallfrk-shapedetaldevieasapithstandardf

11、rhelpingtuningtheusialinstruents,issuppsedtbepuretne.Itissafetlaithatalltheusialtnesrenderedbypithedusiakingediabelngttheategryfpsitetnes.psitetne,siplyputasthenaesuggests,ispsedfthefundaentaltneandvertnes,thatis,itisablendfthe.Tbetterunderstandthisphenenn,yuightiaginethatastringfthepianisvibratingh

12、erethefundaentaltneisheardstsalientasitspiththatisprduedbya“hlestringintinvibratin.Siultaneusly,hever,partsfthestringatthelengthsinratisf1/2,1/3,1/4,1/5et.inanidealsituatin,arealsvibrating,thuseittingthefrequeniesaspartials,thelestfhihishatasdesribedabveasfundaentalviz.thefirstpartial;thetherpartial

13、sarealledvertnesrharnis.Thesignifiantrlevertnesplayisinthepereptinftibre.Befreegfurthertapprahthisarvel,ntethatidedifferenesexistangthevertneseriesprduedbydifferentasellasthesaeusiediaasvibratrs.Rigrusly,nneuldpssiblyiitateexatlynesundprduedbythers.Ifyueverhadthepprtunitytvietheseneftheavefrpresente

14、dnthenitrfaspetrudetetr,yuuldbenvinedttallyplex!Thesedesriptinstellusafatthatvertnesvaryardingttypesfvibratrsreventhesaevibratrunderdifferentnditins.Thevarianesfvertnesebdyinthefat(1)theatualnubersfthevertnesappearingvary;frexaple,thetnesprduedbytheflutethatsund“hllntainuhfeervertnesthanthsebytheell

15、(2)thesequenesfthEirappearanevary,(3)theelegantshapingfthevertnesandtheintensityfeahissplexthatnpairfsundsuresuldbepssiblythesaeunlesstheartifiialdigitaltehniquesareeplyed,and(4)anyrereasns.Asentinedearlier,thefundaentalisheardasthepithandnlythispith;hever,thevertnes,thughntaffetingthesensatinfthisp

16、ith,findtheirayinevitablytthehearingehanisandaffetnessensatinfthetibrertnequality.Ananalgueuldbebrredfrdesribingithenneseestpiesfapiturehihareprintedfrthesaeprintingahine,duetaslightdifferentlrpressingfrprintingthetpies,thefatuallrsiprintednttheaydifferthughthedifferenesftheprpertiesaresall.Thegener

17、alipressinfthetpiesisthesae,butthedifferentlringisdeteted.Theanalgueappliestthesenseftibreell,thatis,thedifferentprpertiesfvertnes,rretehniallythedifferentavefrs,likethelring,akeurpereptinaareftheastibrertnequalityrrantiallytnelrthughthesensefpithisntaltered,likethesaegeneralipressinfthepiture.【】The

18、ipliatinsfaknledgeinthesientifibasisfsund:Ifyuareaskedhatshuldbethelgialstartingpintfthestudyfrusi.hatillyurrespnd?Beausefitspliatednaturefusi,itayfuntin,likethseanthrplgisterriaidentified,asendeavrsfhuanbeingsfretinal,aesthetial,uniatinalandeduatinalpurpsesrjustfrentertainent,fsietalandulturalinher

19、itane,ftribalnventinaluses,findustrialanderialbenefits,freinfringhesinrnfritytsialriteria.Vieedfrdifferentangles,thelgialstartingpintsfrthestudiesfusivary.Despitetheseanyfuntinsusiassues,nethingisinevitablyertain,thatis,itusessund.Andtheultiateeleentsfsundarertedinthefurentalparaetersthatarerefletin

20、sfthephysialprpertiesfvibratin.Thesepsyh-physialrelatinshipsshuldbeadelearthatthephysialattributesfvibratinaretheausalresuresnhihthesensefsundisbased;thisisthebjetivesidefthephenenninregardfthesubstaneusedfrusi,andthesubjetivesidefentalsensatinsfsundistherefletinfthefrer.TrEiteratetherelatinshipbete

21、enthesetsides,thephysialprpertiespersearentsundbutthesundsausalresures;theyaretherehyli,iunetsubjetivehearing.Basedntheseinterrelatinships,theeleentsfusiarerganized.eaynsider,therefre,thesefurrelatinsandtheirinteratinsasthelgialstartingpintsfrthebeginningstudyfusi:(1)Frpith-frequenytusialeleentsfnae

22、sfpithesrsteps,staffs,intervals,keysandrelatedsignatures,des,tnalities,and,thselargereleentsfeldy,harnyandunterpint,et.(2)Frduratin-tietusialeleentsinlengthsfntesandrests,beatsandtiesasellasthetiesignatures,andthelargereleentsfrhythandsn.(3)Frludness-intensitytusialeleentsfdynaisebdiedintherelatedte

23、rinlgiesandsignsindiatingtheartistirenderingandshapingsuhasresend,pianissi,andtheinterativedynaieffetsfrthedainfrhythandtie,belngingainlytthedesriptinabvebutexertingllabrateddynaieffetsnusi.Reeber,usiisanrganizedhleherethefureleentsanneverbeseparatelyfuntining.(4)Frtibre-avefrttherealftnequalityrtne

24、lr,theruialusieleentntnlydeterinedbynepartiularusialinstruentpresebutalslargelyshapedthrughnuanesinperfringskillsasellasthevariusthughtfultexturingandinstruentatinviapsingtehniques.Pleasekeepinyurindtheabvefurrtsfrhihvarietiesfusineptsgenerate.Frexaple,henyureadtheentriessuhasrhyth,teparksandntesind

25、ifferentlengths,disussithyurselfinyurindanddeidehihfthefurategriestheseneptsbelngt.Thispressuldbetterrganizeyurthinkingfryurlearning.【】Teperaent;Equalteperaent;Justintnatin:Teperaentisageneraldesignatinfrvariussystesftuninginhihtheintervalsare“tepered,i.e.theydeviatefrtheaustiallyrretintervalsfthePy

26、thagreansaleandfjustintnatin.Suhadjustentsareneessarysinesystesbasednthepureintervalsareliited,restritinghiefkeysasellasharniprgressins.Duringthe16thand17thenturiesvariussystesfteperedtuningereinusehihprvidedfrpartialadjustents,sthatanuberfkeysuldbeused.Thesearealledunequalteperaent,inntrasttequalte

27、peraentuniversallyadptedduringthe18entury.Thepianusestheequalteperaent.【】Pithnaes:Pithnaesarethedesignatinsusedtindiatethevariustnes(pithes).Thebasistepsrtnesithinantave,siplythsehitekeysatriskfvergeneralizatinaseillseelater,arealled,d,e,f,g,a,andb,startingfreahtb.Treiteratetheidea,thesetnes,inthest

28、udyfusithery,arealledbasisteps.iththeaidentals(thsesignsf#sharp,bflat,duble-sharp,bbduble-flatand口naturalanelingthealternatins;Frafulldesriptinseebel)addedn,theriginalpithnaesfthebasistepsgettherrespndingpithnaes,e.g.,-sharp,beausefhratialternatins.Asarnedbefre,autinsshuldbetakenntttakeitfrgrantedth

29、atthehitekeysarealaysbasirnaturalsteps,frneightlgiallyfigureutthathitekeysuldalsstandfrhratisteps.Frexaple,thetnefuldbeEitherB#rDbbandthesetnesrntes,identialinsundbutrittendifferentlyardingtthentextinhihtheyappear,arealledenharni.uldyuunthanypithnaes,ifthebasiandhratistepsareallinludedandtheideafenh

30、arniisundernsideratin,antavepssess?Andthenpleasethinkabutthisntheatualkeybardfpianraniaginedkeybard:therearetelvekeys,hiteandblakithinantave,butthirty-fivepithnaes,naturalandhrati.hihkey,theblakkeyfurse,thenhaslessthanthreenaes?Andhy?【】taveandgrupingfpithes:Aseknit,asaepithnaeisntusedfrnlynesingletn

31、ebutappliestanytneantavertaveshigherrlerthanagivenpith,say,apithithintheiddlegrupnthekeybard.Therefre,thebasisteps(pithesf,d,e,f,g,aandb)asellasthehratistepsalternatedbyaidentals,usthaveseveralgrupsfthenthekeybardbeauseastandardpianhas88keys,hiteandblak.Eahgrupfthebasistepsstartsfrandendsithbithinae

32、rtaingrup.nthekeybardfastandardpian,therefre,thereareninesuhgrupsfpithes(ntethattherearetinplete“grupsnthekeybardfpianthelesthavingthreekeysandhighestnlyne.Tnaethepithrelatedttheaffiliatedgrup,takethepithfrexapleuntedfrthelesthighup,naesfntra1,great,sall,neline,tline,threeline,furline,andfivelineare

33、alled.Antherayistritetheas,takepithafrinstane,A2,A1,A,a,a1,a2,a3,anda4.Tnaeagrupfpithesrantave,eaysayntratave,greattave,unaentedtave,ne-linetave,t-linetave,three-linetaveandfur-linetave.【】Aidentals:Thesignsfaidentalsareusedtindiatehratialternatinsrtanelthe.Thefivesignsare#(sharp),hihraisesthetneindi

34、atedbyasei-tne,b(flat)hihlersbyasei-tne,(duble-sharp)hihraisesbytsei-tnes,bb(duble-flat)hihlersbytsei-tnes,and口(natural)hihanelsapreviusalternatin.Theseaidentalsapplytthentebefreeahtheyappear,asellasallthentesfthesaepithnthesaelinerspaeithinthesaeeasure.Pleasereeberthisbutalsarnyurselfthatitiseasier

35、reeberedthanatuallyplayedrretly.Seties,neplaysthefirstalternatednterretlybutfrgetstkeepalternatingthefllingnesnthesaelinerspaeithinthateasurebeausethesignisplaedearlierandnsuhsignplaedafterards.Didyueverhavesuhanexperiene?Yes?Gd!akingerrrsisaneessarypartflearning.【】hletneandhalf-tnersei-tne:Theinter

36、valrelatinbeteeneahadjiningpairfthitekeysnthekeybardisntidential.Theintervalbeteene-fandb-isalledhalftnersei-tnethesallestintervalhiletheradjiningpairsfhitekeysarefanintervalfhletne.Ahletneis，naturally,psedftadditivehalftnes.Ahalftnersei-tnealsurs,furse,beteenablakkeyandtheadjininghitekey.【】Ntatin;S

37、taff;Linesandspae;Ledgelines:Generally,anysystefsyblsdesignedfrthererdingfusiinrittenfrisalledusialntatin.Thebasipnentsfthetraditinalsyste,asusedinurlass,ntainastaffffivelinesandthersigns.Thelinesandspaesfthestaff,definedbyalef,indiatethepithesherentes,restsandthersignsshuldbeplaed.Beausethepithrang

38、efastaffperseisntideenughfrusibeyndtherange,shrtlinesdranunderneathrabvethestaffalledledgelinesarethususefultrerdpitheshigherrlerthanthatfthefurthrthefirstlinefthestaff.thersyblsinludekeysignatureiftheusiisntinthekeyfandatiesignature,.Furtherre,barlines,aidentals,ties,dts,et.,areneededfrindiatingthe

39、basiusirendering.Thereare,hever,anythersystes,lderrdern,hereusiisrittendnfritspartiularpsingandperfringpurpses.Yuareenuragedtsearhntheebbyputtingrdslikeusintatinandusintatindernizatinint.ggle.tfindneerdesriptins.【】lefs:Therearethreetypesflefs,signsrittenatthebeginningfeahstaffthatdesignatethepithesf

40、thelinesandspaes,representingtnesgusingGlef,andfithlefandFlef.ThelefsusedfrpianareGandF.TheGlef,alsalledtreblelef,isplaednthesendlinefthestaffandindiatesthatthententhatlineisg.TheFlef,plaednthefurthlinefthestaff,isalledbasslefindiatingthatthententhatlineisf.ithreferenetthesetntesindiatedbythetlefs,n

41、tesntherlinesandspaesuldthenberrespndinglyreadinregardfthEirnaesfpithrsteps.Thelefisgenerallyusedintpsitins,nthethirdline(altlef)rnthefurthline(tenrlef)andindiaterespetivelyeitherfrerrlatteras.Asnernedbyapianlearner,theGlefiseplyedintheupperstaffandtheFlefinthelerstafffrpianusi.Hever,itisntsurprisin

42、gtseethatinertainpieesfpian,theGandFlefsarentusedintheusualayasafreentinedsthattheunneessaryledgerlinesaretheniselyavidedasdeandedbytheusisneeds.【】NtesandRests.neptualizedearlier,nelgialstartingpintinusistudyistheategryfduratin-tienernedithvaluesandprprtinsfteprallengthsintheprgressinfusi.Ntesandres

43、tsaresignsandnaesindiatingvariusrelativelengthsftnesandsilenes(silenesareeaningfuleansfexpressin).Intdayspratie,thenusefntesandrests,frthelngestttheshrtest,aredesignatedbydifferentlyshapedsignsandnaedardinglyinAerianEnglishandBritishEnglishasflls:Frtheearlyusifrid13thenturytabut1600,lngerntesereused

44、inthefrfensuralntatin.Theselderntesinludebreve,lng,largeiththerrespndingldnaesbeingalledbrevis,lngaandaxis.AbreveistieaslngasahlenteasitsEnglishnaeseibrevefrthelattersuggests.ThereaderisreindedherethatTable1.nSignsfNtesandRestsandTheirNaesNtes(Rests)AEBEhlenteseibrevehalfnteiniquarterntertheteighthn

45、tequaversixteenthnteseiquaverthirty-sendntedeiseiquaversixty-furthnteHeideisei-quavertherdntenrallyreferstarittensyblbutthetneindiatedisftenipliated,thughtherdtneainlyeansausialsundrahletne.【】Head,Ste,andHk(Tail):Theyarepnentstfrtherittenshapesfntes.Theheadisneessaryfrntesfanytievalues.Ahlenteusesah

46、eadnlythatisrittenasasallhll-irleellipsera“hiteheadsalledbyusiians.Theheadfrahalfnteissiilarbutfaingtheppsitediretinithasteaddedntheleftrrightrifthehead.Aslidprintedr“blakheadisusedfrnteshsetievaluesareshrterthanthehalfntefrhihasteappliedtthequarternteandaertaintypefhkaddednthentesshrterthanthequart

47、erntehereane-tailedhkisattahedtthetipftheste,frtheeighthnte,andat-tailedhkfrthesixteenthnte.retailsareaddedtntesfshrterntesfthetievaluesasillustratedinthetablelistedearlier.Referenediththenueralntatin,thenuberfthetailsusedfrntesinthe“five-linestaffisexatlythesaeasthseusedfrntesinthenueralntatinsyste

48、indiatingintheprprtinfthEirvalues.Ardingtusialntatinthatisanindependentfieldfstudy,anteithasteshuldberittensideuphenplaedbelthethirdlinenthestaffandupsidednhenthenteisabvethethirdline.Itissinprinipletaintainabalanedsensefspaeinritingrprintingthestaff.【】Dtanddubledt;Dttednteanddttedrest;Tie;Pauserhld

49、rferata:Allfthearesuppleentarysignsfrprlngingtievaluesfntesrrests.Adtfllinganterasinallyarestprlngshalfvaluefthenterrestindiated.Thesenddtinthedubledtprlngshalfvaluefurtherfthefirstdt.henrethantntesfthesaepithistsustainithutinterruptinbeteenthe,atierreties,usingthearhingline“siilartthatflegat,uldbea

50、ppliedtnnetthesthatthentesareperfredsustainingthesuftievaluesaddedupbythentesveredunderthesignftie.Asanart,usidesntanttrestrititselfithintheprprtinedtievaluesfrntesandrests;aferatathusfuntinsellteetthepurpsehihsiplyeansthldnthentesttheperfrerstaste.【】Irregulargrupingfntesfrtievalues;Duplet,Triplet,Q

51、uadruplet,Quintuplet,Sextuplet,Septuplet:Teanipateusifrrigidlyprprtinedgrupingfntes,irregulargrupingsareeplyedhiheffetivelybreaktherdinaryrganizatinsfrtievaluessthatvarietiesarebtained.Alternatinstakeplaeherethedupletsubstitutesfrthree-ntesgruping,thetripletfrt-ntesgruping,andquadruplet,quintuplet,s

52、extuplet,septupletfrgrupingsffur-ntesrs.AgdexapleanbefundinthethirdandfiftheasuresfurNatinalAnthe.Thetripletsprdueastirringandagitatingbuglingthatanneverbereatedbyevenlygrupedntesfeighthsrsixteenths.Theaesthetialpriniplefvarietyisperfetlyrefletedherein.【】Abslutepithandrelativepith(sensef):Sight-sing

53、ing,fixed-dandvable-d:Abslutepith,rperfetpith,isanabilitytnaeanyusialtnesiediatelynhearingthersingingtheithutreferenethintsfhearingrseeingthentesplayednaninstruent.Thisabilityisinstasesahievedthrughearlylearningfusialinstruentsrdeliberatetraining,butntneessarilyanstituentpartftraitsfundinusialityfru

54、siians.Itissuggestedthatasensefabslutepith,thughadiredbyany,aysetiesbeeahindraneinthinkingpressfkeytranspsing.ntrarytabslutepith,relativepithisanabilitytdifferentiateangintervallitnalrelatinships.Thughunabletnaetheexat(abslute)pithesheard,apersnpssessingthesensefrelativepithregnizesandidentifiesthet

55、nalrelatinsintheGestaltistthinking,naely,inaayfrganizedpereptinhihis,asbeingpstulatedbygnitiviststhsegnitin-rientedpsyhlgists,rengruentithatualpressfrusiinhuanind.Relativepithisaruialtraitindispensablefrusilearningandding,【】Rhyth;Rhythipattern;Aent;Synpatin:Itisrantiallyneivedthatrhythistheskeletnfu

56、si.Itistruetanextentbeauseusiisanartbelngingttepralphenenn.Rhythisthetininaayfrganizedtepralsparse-densestrutureithexpressivepurpses.Rhyth,struturedfrertainstylesfexpressin,isftentiespresentedasapatternalledrhythipattern,rtedinthisrthatulturaland/rhuanausesthrughuthistry,repeatingitselfthrughapassag

57、erahlepieefusi,likehateknasaltzdevelpedfrabut1800hserhythisharaterizedstsalientlybyitsapanientnsistingfalbassntenthefirstaentedbeatandthehrdsnthesendandthirdbeatsderatelyeakintheiddleregister.Rhythislselyassiatediththeideafaentthatephasizesrstressesnnetnerhrdnrallyfallingnthefirstbeatfaeasurefrthesi

58、pletie,ithasendaryaentraentsntherpartiularbeatsfaeasurefrthepundtie.Irregularaentsarefrequentlyfundneakbeatsteetusialexpressiveneeds,andsynpatinisagdexaplethatrealizesitsspeialrhythieffetbyshiftingtheught-t-beaentinaayftying(usingatie)aeakbeatiththefllingstrngbeatrplaingarestnthestrngbeatrsiplyipsin

59、ganaentsignntheeakbeat.【】eter,tie;Barandbarline;easure;neter;Sipleeter(s);pundeter(s);Tiesignature;ulti-eter;Irregulareter;Dupleeter(s);Tripleeter(s);Quadrupleeter(s):eteristhebasiayfrrganizingbeatsandaents.Thevariusaysfsuhgrupingareindiatedbythetiesignaturepresentedrightafterthekeysignatureatthebeginningfapsitinnthestaffthatisrittenlikeafratin.fthesigna