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1、Listen This Way 3 英语听力教程 3 第1页Unit One Is the Earth Being Squeezed Dry?第2页Part .Getting ready vicious adj. 恶毒；恶性vicious circle 恶性循环； virtuous circle 良性循环monsoon season 雨季；季节性大雨；hygiene n. U 卫生（学），保健学summit n. C 政府首脑会议，峰会；EU-China summit 中欧峰会think tank（政治、社会、经济问题）智囊团， 智库，教授小组第3页Proper names:Carbon di

2、oxide （二氧化碳）Amazon forest （亚马逊热带雨林）rainforestthe Sahara Desert （沙哈拉沙漠）Rio de Janeiro 里约热内卢(巴西共和国旧首都) Brasilia 巴西利亚 (the capital of Brazil) （1960）Part .Getting ready 第4页Part . Getting ready B: Listen to two short extractions. Write down the environmental issues mentioned in them.1. burning of the for

3、ests /tree removal (deforestation) /reduction of the worlds rain forests2. global warming /greenhouse effect /emissions of CO2摘录第5页Tapescript:1. The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20 000 fires burning i

4、n the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops.Part .Getting ready 第6页 The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. The World Wildlife Fund says th

5、e fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the worlds rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever.第7页Tapescript:2. Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week, for the UN sponsored conference on global warming and cli

6、mate change is the first such meeting since the Rio summit three years ago. 膨胀；增大赞助第8页 With scientists and governments now generally ready to accept that the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO and other greenhouse gases, over a hundred countries are sending delegations. But how much

7、progress has been made implementing the greenhouse gas reduction target agreed on at Rio? Simon Dary reports 温室气体（阻止地球上空热量散发并引发温室效应气体，尤指二氧化碳和甲烷）代表团实施；执行第9页Part . The Earth at risk ()clear-cut adj. 轮廓鲜明；明确；stabilize verb I,T （使）稳定 The price of coffee has been rising and falling sharply, but has now (

8、been) stabilized.ranch n. 大牧场hardwood 硬木材；硬木树；阔叶树; softwood 软木材，针叶树)unproductive 贫瘠wasteland 荒地第10页ranch dressing 牧场色拉酱 make way for 让路；为.开路domestic animal 家畜iron ore mine 铁砂矿at an alarming rate 以一个惊人速度at this / that rate intensive agriculture 集约农业Part . The Earth at risk ()第11页 Intensive farming or

9、 intensive agriculture is an agricultural production system characterized by the high inputs of capital, labor, or heavy usage of technologies such as pesticides and chemical fertilizers relative to land area. This is in contrast to many forms of sustainable agriculture such as organic farming or ex

10、tensive agriculture, which involve a relatively low input of materials and labor, relative to the area of land farmed, and which focus on maintaining long-term ecological health of farmland, so that it can be farmed indefinitely.Part . The Earth at risk ()第12页 Answer the questions:1.What is the vici

11、ous circle mentioned by Brian Cowels? More people more firewood fewer trees More domestic animals more plants fewer available plants more desert move south desert expanding southno grass Key: the impact of the population on the environment.Part . The Earth at risk ()第13页Tapescript: The Earth at risk

12、 ()Brian Cowles: Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. Its a bit of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants an

13、d so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south.第14页 (A) Answer the questions:2. Why is the rain so important to soil? Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isnt enough rain the crops dont grow. 第15页Typescripts: The

14、 Earth at risk () In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isnt enough rain the cropsdont grow. And growing crops stabilizes soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true forany region that is int

15、ensely farmed most of Europe, for example.第16页3. What are some of the reasons that tropical forests are being cut down? People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches where cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for mines. (A) Answer the questions:第17

16、页 In South Africa (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. jungle was destro

17、yed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down for export as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture.Tapescript: The Earth at risk ()第18页(B) Outline():. Environmental problems in different continents A: Africa 1. expansion 2. no grass for a

18、nimals to eat (East Africa) B: . 1. problem intensive farming / agriculture 2. potential problem .Sahara DesertNorth America & most of Europetop soil blowing away第19页 C: South America, Central Africa & Southern Asia 1. problem . 2. consequences a. soil thin unproductive wasteland b. . c. . animal /

19、plant species becoming extinctclimate change for the whole world(B) Outline():tropical forests destruction第20页Tape script: The Earth at risk () These forests cant be replaced the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain

20、rare plants and animals one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequences of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes but this change affects t

21、he whole world.第21页Part III The Earth at risk (II)Vocabulary:depressing adj. 使人沮丧forward-looking adj. （褒）向前看；有远见practically 1.几乎,差不多 2.实际上;实际上presumably prizumbli据推测;大约,可能;想必第22页Proper Names:Bangladesh ,bglde 孟加拉国 Nepal nip:l 尼泊尔The Blue Nile 青尼罗河Himalayas ,himleiz range 喜马拉雅山脉Ganges River 恒河（India）

22、the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN): 国际自然保护联盟Part III The Earth at risk (II)第23页A: Answer the questions:1. Why is some flooding man-made?A: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed by men, all the rain that falls in t

23、he monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding.Part III The Earth at risk (II)河上游第24页Tapescript： the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean, higher up-river in the Himalay

24、as. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but if theyve been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country.恒河第25页2. What does Brian imply when he says the national governments have to be forward-looking?A: He implies that

25、 some national governments just consider the results of their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.Part III The Earth at risk (II)第26页Tapescript： the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty ye

26、ars, not just think as far ahead as the next election.第27页：Outline (II)II. Reasons for some “natural” disasters mainly man-made A. . B. flooding in SudanIII. . A. national governments forward-looking B. . C. stopping using hardwood for furniture-making D. educating people to realize the consequences

27、 flooding in BangladeshAction to be takenpopulation control第28页Part IV The Effects of Global Warmingfossil fuel矿物燃料(如煤、石油、天然气等) equator 赤道contamination 污染，玷污 bacteria 细菌 diarrhea 腹泻environmental refugee 环境难民Britains Climate Prediction Center英国天气预测中心University of London，London School ofHygiene&Tropic

28、al Medicine伦敦大学卫生与热带医学院第29页Do you know what some of the effects of global warming are?5 Deadliest Effects of Global WarmingSpread of diseaseWarmer waters and more hurricanesIncreased probability and intensity of droughts and heat wavesEconomic consequencesPolar ice caps melting 极地冰冠Part IV The Effec

29、ts of Global Warming干旱，旱灾热浪; 热 (辐射) 波(南北极常年不融) 冰盖，冰冠第30页I. . A. average temperature B. yearly increaseII. Causes of global warming Part IV OutlineWarming up of the world第31页Tapescript： The world is warming up. We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuri

30、ng them 600 years ago. The increase is about 0.2 every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.第32页. . A: great changes in rainfall B: rise in the s

31、ea level C : . D: health and social problems Part IV OutlineEffects of global Warmingreduced potential for food production第33页 Tape script：computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in th

32、e north and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry . He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitude nearer to the equator. “The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential product

33、ion in lower latitude regions, ”第34页Part IV OutlineIII. Effects of global warming D. health and social problems 1. environmental refugees 2. change of patterns of distribution of insects and infective agents 3. . .IV. Time to take actionchange of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.第35页Tape

34、script： Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems “Already a number of rural populations around the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climate change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelera

35、te the flood of environmental refugees around the world”第36页Tapescript：A climate refugee is a displaced person caused by climate change-induced environmental disasters. Such disasters are evidence of human-influenced ecological change and disruption to Earths climate system, primarily through the em

36、issions of green house gases.第37页Tape script： “But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of the insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of heat-Related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases

37、, lots of things like this that would respond very sensitively to changes in climate.”第38页Part V Do you know?abundant 丰富，充裕scarce 缺乏，不足cubic 立方glacier 冰河，冰川groundwater 地下水freshwater 淡水 saltwater 海水evaporate 蒸发runoff 径流，溢流, 流走物第39页International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) 国际食品政策研究所indigenous 本土scarcity n. 缺乏,短缺West Bangal 西孟加垃 take a back seat (口)冷板凳Arsenic poisoning 砷中毒（砒霜中毒）Part V Do you know?第40页A:1. F In some parts of the world, water consumption has increased five fold.2. F Its often been said that water rather than oil will be the cause of warfare in the next century (21st c