机械外文翻译

1、郑州航空工业管理学院英文翻译2012届机械设计制造及其在自动化专业1006962班级姓名郝振兴学号100696208指导教师贺红霞职称教一二一二年三月十二日- -NewTrendsandProblemsinMaterialProcessingMachineDesignTheoryAbstract:Basedonreviewingthehistoricalbackground,prospectingforthedevelopmenttrendanalyzingthecomplicacyandmechanismandsummingupsomeachievementsandexperiencesin

2、scientificresearch,severalnewproblemsandthepossibledirectionofdevelopmentinmaterialprocessingtechnologyandmachineareproposed,suchas,producingnewconceptmaterialspossessingsomespecificandextraovdinarypropertiesbymeansofintegratingandcoalescingconelativefrontierscienceandtechnology;andthereafterabriefd

3、iscussionisgiven.Keywords:interface;extraordinaryphysicalfield;processionmachine;functionmaterial1TheTimeBackgroundofMaterialProcessingMachineInthelongspanofhistoryofhumanprogress,manytoolsmachinesandmethodswerecreatedandavarietyofmaterialswithdifferentpropertieswereprocessed.Materialsanditsprocessi

4、nghavebecomeoneofpillaranddrivingforceofmankindprogress.Inpacewithmulti-polarcompetitionincurrentworldandpeoplesstrivingperseveringlyforhappierlife,materialfunctiongoesbeyondunceasinglymensknowledgeandimagination,forexample,crypticfunctionmaterial,semiconductormaterial,energymaterial,vibration-absor

5、ptivematerial,super-strengthaluminumalloyaccountingfor70percentofapplicationofaeronauticsandspace,metalfoilof4b5m,deepdrawingplatewithanisotropybelow1percent,electronicaluminumfoilwithmicro-orientationupto95percent,heatresistingaluminumalloywithsuperstrongspecificstrengthusedinaeronautics,spaceandde

6、epsea,etc.Thusseveralimportantdevelopmenttrendswithdistincttimefeaturesinmaterialprocessingdomainareshapedupasfollows:Creatingmaterialprocessingmachinewithextraordinaryphysicalfieldforprocessingmaterialwithspecialtexturestructuresandfunctions.Forexample,applicationsofthermalenergyandmechanicalenergy

7、arebreakingthroughunceasinglytechnologylimit,andsomenon-traditionenergy,suchasmicrowave,chemicalenergy,bioenergy,etc.,areintroducedintomaterialprocessingprocedureoneafteranother,sothatsomematerialprocessingmachineswithextraordinaryenergycircumstanceareproduced.Breakingthroughtraditionalphysicallimit

8、sandintegratingmelting,solidifying,plasticdeformationandheattreatmenttoobtainspecialfunctionofmaterialandcutdownexpenses3.Forexample,near-netshapingmaterialprocessingtechnology,suchasfastrolling,sprayingdeposition,over-plasticmolding,injectionmolding,highenergybeam,etc,isapplied.Materialprocessingpr

9、ocessisforgedaheadinthedirectionofhighspeed,heavy-dutyandhighaccuracyonlinecontrol,forinstance,therollingspeedgoesupto130ms-1,thedeformationpressurerisesupto300MPa,accuracyofdimensionupto0.1m,accuracyofshapeupto0.1I,strengthaccuracycomesupto0.1MPa.Forthesereasons,itisnecessaryformaterialprocessingma

10、chinedesigntheorytointegrateandcoalesceingeniouslycorrelativefrontierscienceandtechnologytocreateandproducesomenewconceptmaterialprocessingmachinewithfollowingfunctions.2DueFunctionsofNewConceptMaterialProcessingMachineTohavetheabilitytoproduceandbearextraordinaryphysicalfieldandtransmitextraordinar

11、yenergyflowwiththeaimofprovidingextraordinaryphysicalcircumstancesnecessaryfornewconceptmaterialprocessing.Forexample,highgradienttemperaturefieldwiththespeedofcool-downofworkinterfacewhichexceeds104106Ks-1,linewaveandpulsecomplexexertedinsolidifying-deformingarea,super-strengthcontactstressfieldofm

12、aterialforminginterface,turbulentflowfieldofmoltenmetalwithverybigflakinessratio,lowfrequencymagneticfieldwithrandomfrequency,microwavefieldforpowdermetalheating,ultrasonicfieldforlargevolumesolidifying,etc.4,areapplied.Tohavetheabilitytoworkincriticalstatesothathighstabilityandidealperformanceofpro

13、cessingmachineisensuredunderthecircumstanceofreinforcedtechnologicalconditionandmulti-fieldcouplingoperation.Forexample,chattersuppressingcapabilityoffastultra-thinrollingundertheconditionofboundarylubricatingstate5,thecapabilityofself-excitedvibrationsuppressingundertheconditionofspecialfrictionsta

14、te,synergismstabilityanddisturbancestabilityofflexibleconnectingparallelshaftwithmulti-drivingsystem,etc.4,areensured.Tohavetheabilitytoaccuratelycontrolthematerialprocessinginordertoobtainlowloss,highefficiencyandhighqualityofmaterialprocessing.Forexample,super-highaccuracyon-linemonitorofproductsf

15、orm,onlinemonitorandon-lineadjustmentofproductstextureandproperties,precisioncoordinationcontrolofmulti-procedure,on-linemonitorofmicro-orientationofmetalplasticdeformation,etc.4,areensured.Someproductsaccuracyindexmaybeenumeratedasfollows:dimensionalaccuracycomingto0.1um,microstructureuniformitytoc

16、rystallattice,strengtherrorto0.1MPa,etc.4Inshort,onlybynewconceptmaterialprocessingmachinewithextraordinaryfunctionbeingdesignedandmade,canspecialfunctionmaterialbeprocessed.ScienceProblemsandStudyContentsofMetalMaterialProcessingMachineUndertheCircumstanceofExtraordinaryPhysicalFieldInviewofthesefa

17、ctsandbackgroundmentionedabove,severalnewresearchtopicscanbeadvancedasfollows.1CouplingHeatTransferMechanismofMulti-PhaseInterfaceTemperature-StressFieldAbrand-newmicrostructurecanbeobtainedthroughcontinuouslylargedeformationandfastsolidifyingwhenmeltingmetalisincriticalstateofliquidsolid.Atthisvery

18、moment,highdensityheatflowanddynamicheatresistancearepresentinmaterialprocessingcircumstance.Abasictheoryproblemofdesigningthiskindofmachineistostudymechanismofheattransmittanceandenergyconversion,andtoestablishmathematicalmodel.2FrictionConstraintMechanismofPlasticFlowInterfaceofMaterialProcessingM

19、achineThecouplingbetweenoperationmechanismandworkpieceisverycomplicatedbecauseplasticflowispresentinprocessinginterface.Theinterfacestate,determinedbyvelocity,loadthermodynamicprocess,elasticityofoperationmechanism,plasticityofworkpiece,dynamicbehaviourofinterfacesticking-slidingandpartialhydrodynam

20、iclubrication,etc,affectandformfrictionconstraintsmechanismpeculiartomaterialprocessingmachine,becausetheseconstraintspresentstrongnon-linearity;andundercertaincircumstances,theconstraintsmaybedestroyedormismatchedinstantaneouslyandthusdynamicinstabilityisresultedin.Thusfollowingproblemscanbeputforw

21、ard:Mechanismof“spectrechatter”arosefromsticking-slidingfrictionandpartialhydrodynamiclubricationinrollinginterface,instabilityconditionandmechanismofconstraintbetweensmoothsurfaceandrotatingbodyunderthecircumstanceofhighspeed,heavy-dutyandboundarylubrication,Lubricationfilmabsorptionmechanismandphy

22、sicalchemistrybehaviourofinterfaceofunceasinglyregenerativesurface,therelationshipbetweenrheologicalcharacteristicandmachineoperationparameters.3Multi-BodyNon-LinearContactMechanismUndertheConditionofExtra-HighPressureFieldTobuildthesuperstrengthpressurefieldonlargeareaisoneofbasicfunctionofmaterial

23、processingmachine,anditisalsonecessarytoformbyoncelarge-sizestructureelement(suchasspacecraft,intercontinentalvehicles,carandlarge-scaleaeroplaneetc).Theabilitytobuildsuperstrongpressurefieldisoneofimportantfeatureandthebaseofindependentnationaldefense.Underthecircumstanceofsuperstrengthpressurefiel

24、d,multi-bodystrongnonhertzcontactandnon-linearfrictionwillbeproduced,thuslocalpermanentdeformationanddegradingofelementaccuracymaybeled.Newtheoryfoundationofdesignofmachinewithsuperstrengthpressurefieldwillbefurnishedthroughstudyofmulti-bodystrongnon-hertzcontactmechanism,multi-bodynon-linearfrictio

25、nmechanism(suchasprovidingforce-displacementmixedsolvingprocessofthree-dimensionmulti-body).4LoadDistributionLawinMulti-SlidingPairWithStructureBiasLoadWithregardtostaticallyindeterminatestructure,loaddistributionofconstraintpointisdeterminedbydeformationcompatibilitycondition.However,concerningsome

26、planelarge-sizestaticallyindeterminatestructurewithslidingdegreeoffreedominthirddimension,loaddistributioncannotbedeterminedbydeformationcompatibilitycondition.Thusnewtheorybasiswillbeprovidedbyanalyzingofcontactbehaviourandmechanismofslidingpair(suchascreep,forceoffriction,integraldeformationcompat

27、ibilitycondition,etc).5CouplingMechanismandStabilityofMulti-PhysicalFieldsinMaterialProcessingSystemsInthewakeofsystemfunctionbecomingmoreandmorediversified,conventionaltechnologylimitsinmaterialprocessingmachineisbeingbrokethroughunceasingly,systemstructurealsobecomesincreasinglycomplicated,andsyst

28、emperformancebecomesincreasinglymulti-causal.Forexample,anyinstantaneousstateofrollerinfastrollingmillsisaffectedbyelasticdeformation,plasticflow,heattransferprocess,hydro-dynamiclubricationprocess,interfacephysicalchemistrymolecularstateandsoon.Inaddition,electromechanicalcouplinginprocessingsystem

29、havealreadygonebeyondconventionalconcept,forinstance,somesingularpointphenomenon(suchasmicro-variablecanbetransformedintomacro-variable),arepresent,thusrolleroperationinstabilitymaybeledbyperturbation8.Therefore,thissubjectwillstudytheinteractionmechanismofmulti-physicalfieldandtheinfluenceonprocess

30、ingsystemstabilityandprocessingmaterialqualitystartedwithanalysisofmicro-stateofexecutivebody.6Multi-TechnologyIntegrationandCoalescenceofAccurateControlThematerialprocessingmachine,whichoperateunderthecircumstanceofextraordinaryphysicalfield,isacomplicatedlarge-scalesystem,andsomeparametersofthesys

31、temvaryonfeasiblefieldboundary;thereby,tokeepunderaccuratecontrolandadjustmentofmultifieldcircumstance,multi-dimensioncoordination,multi-energyconversion,multi-levelinformationtransfer,interfacemulti-processcoupling,etc.isofmuchsignificance.Sinceavarietyofmulti-interactionexistsincontrolmodel,itisne

32、cessarytoestablishintegrationframeworkofcoordinationworkaccordingtodecouplingofcontrolmodel,soastoaccuratecontrolbasedonthemulti-technologyintegrationandcoalescenceisrealized.7Quasi-RealityDesignandConcurrentDesignBasedonKnowledgeInnovationSystemsDigitalizationandvisualizationofmaterialprocessingtec

33、hnologywillpromoteimmediatelythequalityofdesign,operationandcontrol.Thereforeoptimizationofmaterialprocessingtechnologyandmaterialprocessingmachinebymeansofrealizationofvirtualsimulationofprocessingprocedurethroughquasi-realitydesignandconcurrentdesignisoneofourpressingstudysubjects.8MechanicalBehav

34、iorofSpecialFunctionMaterialsintheExtraordinaryPhysicalFieldManykeyelementsandpartsinmaterialprocessingmachineareoftenunderthecircumstanceofsuperstrongforcefield,temperaturefield,electronicmagneticfieldandflowfield,andmusthavethefunctionsofconstructingspecialphysicalinterface.However,itisdifficultfo

35、rcommonsingle-substancematerialsuchasmetal,ceramicpolymer,etc.tohavebothhighindexofsinglepropertyandexcellentoverallquality.Thereforeweneedtousecertainmaterialwithnewfunctionsforkeyposition9,forinstance,multi-dimensionfunctiongradientmaterialwithultrahighphysicalproperty,multi-dimensionfunctiongradi

36、entmaterialwithintelligence.Forthesereasons,itisnecessarytostudybasiclawandmechanismofthesekindoffunctionmaterialmentionedabove,forinstance,stress(strain)distributionfunction,failuremechanismanddesigncriteriaofmaterialunderthecircumstanceofextraordinaryphysicalfield,static(dynamic)stiffnessanddampin

37、g,digitalizationdesignandvisualizationdesignofprocessingsystemmadeofgradientfunctionmaterial,etc,sothatthegeneralmechanicslawofelementwhichisunderthecircumstanceofextraordinaryphysicalfieldandmadeofanisotropymulti-dimensiongradientfunctionmaterialisobtained.Nowadaysmaterialprocessingscienceandtechno

38、logyisforgingrapidlyahead.Aforward-lookingstudyaimingatkeytechnologyproblemofmaterialprocessingmachinewillprovidetheoryandtechnologyreserveformanufacturingscienceandindustryof21stcentury.DesignexperienceGraduationdesigniswelearnedintheuniversityoftechnologyandthebasiccourses,allcourseallprofessional

39、classafterthe.Thisiswehaveallofthecourseofthefirstin-depthcomprehensivereviewofthetotal,isalsoourintosocialworkinfrontofatheorywiththepracticeoftraining.Therefore,itisinourfouryearuniversitylifeholdsanimportantposition.Personally,IhopeIcanpassthegraduationdesignforyourfuturewillbeengagedintheworkofa

40、lighttraining,toexercisehisanalysisproblem,problem-solvingability,forthefutureofourmotherlandinthefourconstructionlayagoodfoundation.Turnaneyeforfourweeksofmechanicalmanufacturingtechnologyandspecialjigdesignwillbeover,thedesignofcurriculumreviewaroundthefeelingoflifeasaprocessofascension,andinthecu

41、rriculumdesign,weconstantlyseetheteachingmaterial,lookatreferenceseematerial,meettheproblemandnotunderstandweanalyzedtogetherorasktheteacherforadviceandsoontofindausefultoourdesignofdataandmaterial,andthenwilltheybecomeourdesignsuchasrawmaterial,throughthisdesignwevelearnedalotofknowledge,andlearnto

42、andfamiliarwiththelook-uptableandcheckreferencebook,alsomasteredproeandCADrelatedoperations,forpartsoftheprocessdesignhadadeepunderstandingandtheunderstandingoffixturedesignalsohasanunderstandingofandknowsomebasicfixturethespecificstructureparts,suchasflap,drillset,mandrelsThroughthecooperationandte

43、ammembersmakeprocessandfixturethatIunderstandcooperationisveryimportant,divisionoflaborcooperationcanworkbetterandfaster.Inthiscoursedesign,theteachergaveusvaluablereferenceopinions,letusknowhowtocompleteacoursedesign,howtoputyourthingsdone,thankstotheteachercarefullycounselling.Andwehavemoreanalysi

44、sandproblemsolvingability.Intheprocess,wefoundthatthemostlackisthesocialpracticeexperience,emptyhavebookstheoryknowledge,noperceptualcognition,oftenwilllikelyandactualapart.Ingeneral,dothiskindofdesigncanmakethewewillhavelearnedknowledgesystemrelatedtolink,whichexposedthedeficiencies.Alsohopeweinthe

45、laterstudycanintosociety,makemoresocialpractice,inordertoimprovetheirabilitytoadapttosociety.ReferenceXuZhiGang.BasedonthecombinationofthegeneralizedmappingprinciplefixturestructuredesignautomationJ.Journalofmechanicalengineering,2000(12):105108.ZhuYaoXiang,meltsalsosound.Flexibleclampandcomputeraid

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51、achinetoolclampdesignmanualM.Shanghai:Shanghaiscienceandtechnologypublishinghouse.LiuYouand.MetalprocessdesignM.Guangzhou:instituteofsouthChina,and1982.113.CuiJian.SteelfiberconcretepolymermaterialsoptimizationanditsmachinetoolofthelathebedD.Fuxin,liaoningprovince:liaoningengineeringtechnologyuniver

52、sity,2003.XuGuJun.AutomotiveshockabsorberCAPPsystemdevelopmentandresearchD.Changshainhunan:zhongnanforestryuniversity,2004.XuGongJing.ComputeraidedfixturedesignsystemresearchanddevelopmentD.Tianjin:tianjinuniversity,2004.中文译文:材料制备机械设计理论中的新趋势和新问题摘要：在全面综述材料制备机械技术及设备发展动态的基础上，提出了研究领域的几个新问题和发展方向，如通过集成和融合

53、现代相关前沿科学和技术，生产具有超常和特殊性能的新概念材料等，并进行了简要分析和讨论.关键词:界面;超常物理场;制备机械;功能材料,半70%份额的强力铝合金1%以下；电子铝箔与强耐热铝等等；将一些1机械材料加工的时代背景许多工具、机械和方法被提出来；不同的一部份。,:,45um的薄金属片，用各向异性深口压金属板在,：1),运用热能和机械能能够突破科学技术的极限，：,：,(2)突破传统的物质限制，将溶化、凝固、造型一体化，然后加热得到具有,：,(3)原料加工处理正在向高速、重载和高精度在线控制方向上迈进。例如:0.1um,成型精130m/s,压力变形已达到300MPa,度已达到0.1i；浓度精度

54、已达到0.1MPa。,2对于新概念材料加工设备的期望功能（1）要有能力生产具有特殊物质的领域；能传送那些对于新概念材料加工在特定的物质环境下是非常必要的特殊能流。例如：在高温环境下能使那些高温波或者脉冲以超过104106K/S的速度冷却下来；将外表面的凝固、变形合成一体，然后在将超强接触面应力重新组合成新的分界面；融化的大金属薄片的湍流；随机的低频率磁场用于金属末加热的微波、用于大量凝固的超声波等等都已经被应用了。（2）有能力在临界状态下工作，因此高稳定性和理想性能的处理设备是在加强技术条件和室外操作的保证。例如：禁止在润滑状态下边界上的摇晃；在特有的摩擦状态下的抗震能力；有韧性的连接管的合力

55、稳定性和干扰稳定性与轴相比更易驱动系统。（3）有能力精确的控制原料加工而获得低损耗、高功率、高性能的原料加工。例如：精确的在线监测产品成型；在线监测和在线调整产品品质和器具还有在线控制金属、塑胶成型的程序。产品的精确度指数可以列举如下：宏观上精确度可达到0.1um，微观上的晶状体结构非常均匀，浓度误差在0.1MPa。简而言之，拥有特别功能的新概念原料加工设备应该被设计和生产出来。这样的话，那些特别性能的原料就能被处理加工了。3在特殊的物理领域和环境下金属材料加工设备的问题和需要学习的内容由于这些原因和以上提到的背景，如下的一些新的研究主题应该被改进：连接传热装置和温度应力场的相界面当融化金属处

56、于液体和固体的临界状态时通过连续的变形和快速凝固，一种全新的微观结构可以被获得。在这个非常时刻，高浓度的热流和动态的热阻力在材料加工处理中成了主要事项。关于设计这个设备的基本理论问题是要学习核心传动系统合能量转化和建立数学模型。材料加工设备表面粘流摩擦力的抑制操作装置和工件的连接是相当复杂的因为粘流阻挡了加工表面界面态由周转速度、热力学处理工作量、操作装置的弹性、工件的可塑性、滑性界面的动态行为、局部水力的润滑油等等来决定。它们影响着材料加工设备抗摩擦装置的成型。因为它们会会强制其产生很大的非线性，这种强制会在瞬间被损坏或者是失谐，最后会导致动态不稳定性。因此提出了以下的问题：机械装置的噪声可能在晃动的界