名词性从句之宾语从句表语同位语从句课件 高三英语一轮复习

1、宾语从句2宾语从句是指在句中作宾语的从句（用一个句子充当宾语）。宾语从句结构：主句+引导词+宾语从句 I know Linda.主语 谓语 宾语 I know that Lisa is a rapper and dancer. 主语 谓语 引导词 宾语从句 1.由 that 引导的宾语从句，无意义，可省略。e.g. 1.He says (that) he misses us very much. 2.由whether(or not), if 引导的宾语从句，翻译为“是否” ，不可省略。if/whether可互换, 但whetheror not为固定搭配.1.I want to know if/

2、whether Lisa is right .2.I want to know _ or not she is right .whetherIf 和whether的用法区别（只用whether的情况）：I am worrying about whether I can pass the exam.I dont know whether to visit the doctor.Whether its true is not known.Please let me know whether you can come.口诀：前有介词，后有不定式，位于句首，后有是否（or not）3.由特殊疑问词 w

3、hat， where, when，who,why,which,how等引导的宾语从句（要用陈述语序）1. Could you tell me why you are late?2. Could you tell me where Lisas home is ?3. I want to know how we can become good learners.He will go to Hong Kong . 一般将来时He is sick. 一般现在时He is reading a book . 现在进行时He has finished his work . 现在完成时 He saidhe h

4、ad finished his work.过去完成时he would go to Hong Kong .过去将来时he was sick.一般过去时he was reading a book . 过去进行时1.(主过从过）当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。时态-主过从过，主过从现，主现从所需the sun is much bigger than the moon .summer is after spring .the earth moves around the sun. He told me (that)We knew (that

5、)The teacher told us (that) 2.（主过从现）当宾语从句说明的是客观真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。3.(主现从所需）当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。I hear (that)Jim went to work an hour ago.he is interested in English. she will come tomorrow .Tom has been to London twice .Exercise31. think/Lantern Festival/fantastic I t

6、hink that the Lantern Festival is fantastic.2. dont know /whether /he /come home /for the festival_3. believe/Water Festival/most/enjoyable_写句子I dont know whether he will come home for the festival.I believe （that） the Water Festival is the most enjoyable4. wonder/if/mooncakes/popular among foreigne

7、rs. _5. how/exciting/races _6. what/interesting/city_I wonder if the mooncakes are popular among foreigners. How exciting the races are!What an interesting city ( it is)!1.Bob thinks _ he will be late for school. A. either B. that C. if D. whether2.We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what

8、D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that BABC5.He was late this morning, because the bus was too _ for him to get on. A. quiet B. tidy

9、C. crowded D. noisy6.-I dont know how to deal with these old books. -_ giving them to children from poor families? A. What about B. Why dont you C. Shall we D. Why not7.Bill thinks that the races were not that interesting _.A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched8.-What is Mum cooking in the kit

10、chen? -Fish, I guess. How nice it _! A. looks B. sounds C. tastes D. smellsCACD1. I dont know if Mr. Wang _on a field trip. If he _on a field trip tomorrow, please call me. A. goes; will go B. will go; goes C. will go; will go D. goes; goes 2.She thinks _math is difficult to learn. A.which B. that C

11、. who D. what3.I wonder _next month. A. where they have the boat races B. whether they will have the boat races C. they will have the boat races D. whether they have the boat races4._it is blowing! I can hardly walk on.A. What strong B.how strong C.how strongly Conclusion4引导词时 态语 序1.陈述句2.一般疑问句3.特殊疑问

12、句that if /whether原有的特殊疑问词宾语从句三要素1.主过从过2.主过从现3.主现从所需陈述语序1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact表语从句表语是？系动词有哪些？系动词+表语be动词+look, appear, sound, taste, feel, remainP109 4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A. becau

13、se I got B. because of getting C. I got D. that I got7. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for同位语从句总是跟在一个名词后面，用以解释说明某一名词。跟在表示建议、命令、要求的名词后，需要虚拟语气。1.可以跟同位语从句的名词主要是抽象意义的词，常见的有：belief doubt explanation fact fear feeling hope idea news order possib

14、ility promise problem probability report suggestion thought truth wish warning 2.同位语从句的引导词that whether why who where how when 同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged.Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.4.wh类连接词引导的同位语从句T

15、he question who should do the work requires consideration.We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.1. We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight, there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever2. As the day was fine, I ma

16、de the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A.we go B.we will go C.should we go D.that we go连词用法总结如果一个陈述句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们一般要用that作为连词。that本身在句子中没有意思，只起连接作用。eg. 陈述句：Science is developing very fast.主语从句： 表语从句：宾语从句：同位语从句：It is known to all that science is developing very fast.The fact is tha

17、t science is developing very fast.Everyone knows that science is developing very fast.The fact that science is developing very fast is known to all.如果一个一般疑问句被用来作为另一个句子的主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们要用whether或if作为连词。whether/ if在句子中的意思是“是否”。变成名词性从句后，原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序（主语+谓语）。 一般疑问句：Shall we have a meeting this aft

18、ernoon? 主语从句：或：表语从句：宾语从句：同位语从句：Whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon hasnt been decided yet.It hasnt been decided yet whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.The question is whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon.Do you know whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon?None

19、 of us can answer the question whether we shall have a meeting this afternoon. 注意：原来的疑问句词序在从句中都被改变成陈述句的词序，复合句的标点符号由主句的句型决定。如果一个特殊疑问句被用来作为另一个句子主语、表语、宾语或同位语，那么我们就保留原来的疑问词作为连词，这些疑问词的意思也保留在从句中。变成名词性从句之后，原来的疑问句的词序要改成陈述句的词序（主语+谓语） 特殊疑问句：Why did the water become smelly?主语从句：表语从句：宾语从句：同位语从句：Why the water be

20、came smelly must be found out immediately.The problem is why the water became smelly.Scientists are trying to find out why the water became smelly.Scientists are trying to solve the problem why the water became smelly.用whoever, whatever, whichever引导的主语从句，与who, what, which引导的从句的比较。 一般来讲，用who, what, w

21、hich引导的主语从句中的who, what, which可以看作是原来特殊疑问句的疑问词，而whoever, whatever, whichever则不同，从句并不带疑问意义。试比较下面的例句：a) Who has been chosen this time is still not clear. Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. b) What caused the extinction of the dinosaur greatly puzzled the zoologists. Whatever has been decided toda

22、y must be kept secret. c) Which of the products is the best is quite obvious after the test. Whichever of them comes in first will receive a prize.请注意区分用whoever, whatever, whichever引导的名词性从句和状语从句，因为引导名词性从句的whoever, whatever, whichever，不能用no matter who, no matter what, no matter which来替换。Whatever happ

23、ened to them will never happen to us again.Whatever happens to him, he will keep on working.（主语从句）（状语从句）主句动词是think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等的时候，宾语从句中的否定要转移到主句的动词上来。 eg. 我认为他不会来了。 他的教练相信这次他不可能赢了。I dont think he will come.His coach didnt believe that he could win this time.I think, I believe

24、, I suppose等后加了宾语从句的复合句要改成反意疑问句时，后边的反意疑问句就要与从句中的内容保持一致，而非“dont I?” I think he will win, wont he? I dont suppose she will be happy, will she?宾语从句也能用whoever, whatever, whichever引导，但是这些连词不能用no matter who等来替换。 Give it to whoever wants it.Ill just say whatever comes into my mind. Just buy whichever is ch

25、eapest in the supermarket.如果是suggest, order, insist, demand, request, advise, require, propose等动词引出的宾语从句，那么从句中的动词要用should +动词原形，should可以省略。 The engineer suggested that the electronic device (should) be tested at once. He insisted that nothing (should) start till he arrived.在suggestion, order, propos

26、al, request, requirement等名词后面的同位语从句中的动词，要用should +动词原形，或省略should直接用动词原形。He gave order that the work (should) be started at once.They rejected my suggestion that we (should) hire an advertising company.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

27、 A. whileB. thatC. whenD. as选B。本题考连词。事实上that后面所引导的是一个同位语从句，是句首名词information的同位语，讲述了information的具体内容。一般同位语从句的位置是在名词之后，但在本句中，因为句子的主语部分太长，而谓语部分又较短，为了句子的平衡，就把同位语从句放到最后了。Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO isnot ever. A. thatB. whichC. of whichD. what选A。that是连词，引导同位语从句，是名词feeling的同位语，说明fe

28、eling的内容。that只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分。_ be sent to work there? A. Who do you suggestB. Who do you suggest that shouldC. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should选A。本题考动词suggest所跟的宾语从句。在suggest后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用should +动词原形（should可以省略）。本句suggest后面宾语从句中谓语动词中的should被省略了。此外，本句无需再用连词，因为当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，疑

29、问词本身就是连词。There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _. A. that; to be improvedB. which; to be improved C. where; improvingD. when; improving选A。本题考了两个语言点，一是同位语从句，二是need一词的用法。第一空格用that引导的从句，作名词problem的同位语，说明到底是什么问题（即“路况需要改善这个问题”）。而need作为实义动词，可以跟不定式或动名词作宾语（虽然用法略有不同）。仅就第二格而言， to be improved和improving都是正确的。A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. A. whenB. whereC. what D. that选D。本题考同