2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解

1、2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解说明：由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpay

2、mentsaremadeelectronically.1atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen2fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoonrevolutionizethevery3ofmoneyitself,onlyto4itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovem

3、enttoacashlesssocietybeenso5incoming?Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork6thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery7tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe8formofpaymentSecondp

4、,apercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey9receipts,somethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto10.Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysoffloat-ittakesseveraldays11acheckiscashedandfundsare12fromtheissuersaccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime.13electronicpa

5、ymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay14securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation15there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeable

6、toaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand17fromsomeoneelsesaccounts.The18ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic20thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcerns

7、thatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.1.AHoweverBMoreoverCThereforeDOtherwise2.AoffBbackCoverDaroundApowerBconceptChistoryDroleArewardBresistCresumeDreverseAsilentBsuddenCslowDsteadyAforBagainstCwithDonAimaginativeBexpensiveCsensitiveDproductive

8、AsimilarBoriginalCtemporaryDdominantAcollectBprovideCcopyDprintAgiveupBtakeoverCbringbackDpassdownAbeforeBafterCsinceDwhenAkeptBborrowedCreleasedDwithdrawnAUnlessBUntilCBecauseDThoughAhideBexpressCraiseDeaseAanalyzedBsharedCstoredDdisplayedAunsafeBunnaturalCuncommonDunclearAstealBchooseCbenefitDretu

9、rnAconsiderationBpreventionCmanipulationDjustificationAcopewithBfightagainstCadapttoDcallforAchunkBchipCpathDtrailSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)BorntowinBorntowin因跨考教肓KU

10、AKAOEDUCATIONText1Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”Davidsonsarticleisoneofanumberofpiece

11、sthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.Inthepast,workerswithave

12、rageskills,doinganaveragejo，bcouldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwontearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcantwhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyonene

13、edstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Buttheresbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2009,U.S.factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprev

14、ious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselv

15、esaboveaverage.Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustratetheimpactoftechnologica

16、ladvancesthealleviationofjobpressuretheshrinkageoftextilemills因鶴鵜BorntowinDthedeclineofmiddle-classincomes22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehastoAworkoncheapsoftwareBaskforamoderatesalaryCadoptanaveragelifestyleDcontributesomethingunique23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthatAgains

17、oftechnologyhavebeenerasedBjobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeedCfactoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbeforeDnewjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantisAtoacceleratetheI.T.revolutionBtoensuremoreeducationforpeopleCroadvanceeconomicglobalizatio

18、nDtopassmorebillsinthe21stcentury25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?ANewLawTakesEffectBTechnologyGoesCheapCAverageIsOverDRecessionIsBadText2Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnit

19、edStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersin

20、totwocategories:legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedontneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbi

21、rdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtodaysbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyan

22、dideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.W

23、eneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtod

24、ayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewhoimmigrateacrosstheAtlantic.leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.stayinaforegintemporaily.findpermanentjobsoverseas.27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrati

25、onstystemintheUSneedsnewimmigrantcategories.Bhasloosenedcontroloverimmigrants.Cshouldbeadoptedtomeetchallenges.Dhasbeenfixeedviapoliticalmeans.28Accordingtotheauthor,todaysbirdsofpassagewantAfiancialincentives.Baglobalrecognition.Copportunitiestogetregularjobs.Dthefreedomtostayandleave.29Theauthorsu

26、ggeststhatthebirdsofpassagetodayshouldbetreatedAasfaithfulpartners.Bwitheconomicfavors.Cwithregaltolerance.Dasmightyrivals.30选出最适合文章的标题Acomeandgo:bigmistake.Blivingandthriving:greatrisk.Cwithorwithout:greatrisk.Dlegalorillegal:bigmistake.Text3Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreacti

27、ons,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretime

28、toassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliarentexclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofT

29、orontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythsoeimpulsesintowhateverelseweredoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoo

30、long.Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface(onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling),wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreen

31、ersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklong

32、erevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,itha

33、sntchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay.varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituationprovethecomplexityofourbrainreactiondependontheimportanceoftheassessmentpredeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment32.Ourreactio

34、ntoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions.canbeassociativeBarenotunconsciousCcanbedangerousDarenotimpulsive33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould.AtrustourfirstimpressionBdoaspeopleusuallydoCthinkbeforeweactDaskforexpertadvice34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon.Acri

35、ticalassessmentBthinslicedstudyCsensibleexplanationDadequateinformation35.Theauthorsattitudetowardreversingthehigh-speedtrendis.AtolerantBuncertainCoptimisticDdoubtfulText4Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamilyfriendlyuntilwomenarepartofsenior

36、managementdecisions,andEurope,stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelminglymale.indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustr

37、ation.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:only24companiestookitup.DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfai

38、ryastheybalanceworkandfamily?“Personally,Idontlikequotas,”Redingsaidrecently.“Butilikewhatthequotasdo.”Quotasgetaction:they“openthewaytoequalityandtheybreakthroughtheglassceiling,”accordingtoReding,aresultseeninFranceandothercountrieswithlegallybindingprovisionsonplacingwomenintopbusinesspositions.I

39、understandRedingsreluctance-andherfrustration.Idontlikequotaseither;theyruncountertomybeliefinmeritocracy,governmentbythecapable.Bur,whenoneconsiderstheobstaclestoachievingthemeritocraticideal,itdoeslookasifafairerworldmustbetemporarilyordered.Afterall,fourdecadesofevidencehasnowshownthatcorporation

40、sinEuropeastheUSareevadingthemeritocratichiringandpromotionofwomentotoppositionnomatterhowmuch“softpressure”isputuponthem.Whenwomendobreakthroughtothesummitofcorporatepower-as,forexample,SherylSandbergrecentlydidatFacebooktheyattractmassiveattentionpreciselybecausetheyremaintheexceptiontotherule.Ifa

41、ppropriatepubicpolicieswereinplacetohelpallwomen-whetherCEOsortheirchildrenscaregivers-andallfamilies,Sandbergwouldbenomorenewsworthythananyotherhighlycapablepersonlivinginamorejustsociety.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally.womentaketheleadmenhavethefinalsaycorporategovernanceisoverwhelmedsen

42、iormanagementisfamily-friendlyTheEuropeanUnionsintendedlegislationis.areflectionofgenderbalanceareluctantchoiceCaresponsetoRedingscallavoluntaryactionAccordingtiReding,quotasmayhelpwomen.AgettopbusinesspositionsseethroughtheglassceilingbalanceworkandfamilyanticipatelegalresultsTheauthorsattitudetowa

43、rdRedingsappealisoneof.AskepticismobjectivenessindifferenceapprovalWomenenteringtopmanagementbecomeheadlinesduetothelackofAmoresocialjusticeBmassivemediaattentionsuitablepublicpoliciesgreater“softpressure”PartBDirections:Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatext.Choosethemostsuitableheadingfromthelis

44、tA-Fforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ALivelikeapeasantBBalanceyourdietCShopkeepersareyourfriendsDRemembertotreatyourselfSticktowhatyouneedPlanningisevervthingWastenot,wantnotThehugelypopularblogtheSkintFoodiechronicleshowTonybalanceshisloveofgoodfoodwithlivingo

45、nbenefits.Afterbills,Tonyhas?60aweektospend,?40ofwhichgoesonfood,but10yearsagohewasearning?130,000aIyearworkingincorporatecommunicationsandeatingatLondonsbetftrestaurantsatleasttwiceaweek.Thenhismarriagefailed,hiscareerburnedoutandhisdrinkingbecameserious.Thecommunitymentalhealthteamsavedmylife.AndI

46、feltlikethatagain,toacertaindegree,whenpeoplerespondedtotheblogsowell.ItgavemethevalidationandconfidencethatIdlost.Butitsstilladay-by-daything.Nowheslivinginacouncilflatandfieldingoffersfromliteraryagents.Hesfeelingpositive,buthellcarryonblogging-notabouteatingascheaplyasyoucan-therearesomanypeoplei

47、namuchworsestate,withbarelyanymoneytospendonfood-buteatingwellonabudget.Hereshisadviceforeconomicalfoodies.Impulsivespendingisntanoption,soplanyourweeksmenuinadvance,makingshoppinglistsforyouringredientsintheirexactquantities.IhaveanExceltemplateforaweekofbreakfast,lunchanddinner.Stoplaughing:itsnot

48、justcosteffectivebuthelpsyoubalanceyourdiet.Itsalsoagoodideatoshopdailyinsteadofweekly,because,being-human,youllsometimeschangeyourmindaboutwhatyoufancy.Thisiswheresupermarketsandthci;anonymitycomeinhandy.Withthem,theresnotthesameembarrassmentaswhenbuyingonecarrotinalittlegreengrocer.Andifyouplanpro

49、perly,youllknowthatyouonlyneed,say,350gofshinofbeefandsixrashersofbacon,notwhateverweightispre-packedinthesupermarketchiller.Borntowin因跨考教肓KUAKAOEDUCATIONYoumayproudlyclaimtoonlyhavefrozenpeasinthefreezer-thatsnotgoodenough.Mineisfilledwithleftovers,bread,stock,meatandfish.Planningaheadshouldelimina

50、tewastage,butifyouhavesurplusvegetablesyoulldoavegetablesoup,andallfruitsthreateningtogooffwillbecookedorjuiced.Everyonesaysthis,butitreallyisatoptipforfrugaleaters.Shopatbutchers,delisandfish-sellersregularly,evenforsmallthings,andbesuperfriendly.Soonyoullfeelcomfortableaskingiftheyveanyknucklesofh

51、amforsoupsandstews,orbeefbones,chickencarcassesandfishheadsforstockwhich,moreoftenthannot,Theyilletyouhaveforfree.Youwontbeeatingoutalot,butsaveyourpenniesandonceeveryfewmonthstreatyourselftoasetlunchatagoodrestaurant-?1.75aweekforthreemonthsgivesyou?21-morethanenoughforathree-courselunchatMichelin-

52、starredArbutus.Its?16.95there-or?12.99foralargepizzafromDominos:IknowwhichIdrathereat.SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Icanpickadatefromthepast53yearsandknowinstantlywhereIwas,whathappenedinthenewsandeventhed

53、ayoftheweek.IvebeenabletodothissinceIwasfour.Ineverfeeloverwhelmedwiththeamountofinformationmybrainabsorbsmymindseemstobeabletocopeandtheinformationisstoredawayreatly.WhenIthinkofasadmemory,Idowhateveryonedoest-rytoputittooneside.Idontthinkitsharderformejustbecausemymemoryisclearer.Powerfulmemorydoe

54、sntmakemyemotionsanymoreactureorvivid.IcanrecallthedaymygrandfatherdiedandthesadnessIfeltwhenwewenttothehosptibalthedaybefore.IalsorememberthatthemusicalpalyHamopenedontheBroadwayonthesameday-theybothjustpopintomymindinthesameway.SectionIVWriting47.Supposeyourclassistoholdacharitysalefoekidsinneedof

55、help.Writeyourclassmatesanemailto1)informthemaboutthedetailsandencouragethemtoparticipate.2)Dontuseyourownname,use“LiMing”instead.Dontwriteyouraddress.(10points)48writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechartand2)giveyourcommentsYoushouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWE

56、RSHEET.因跨考教肓KUAKAQEDUCATIONSectionIUseofEnglish【答案】A(However)【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。”而空后说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”这两句话语义是转折的，因此答案A。B.moreover表递进C.therefore表结果D.Otherwise表对比【答案】D(around)【解析】由空格所在句的“but”得知，句子前后是转折关系。事实上这样的预测已经二十年了，但迄今还没有实现。A.off停止B.back返回C.over结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D.a

57、round出现。【答案】B(concept)【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如，1975年商业周刊预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的”将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念(定义)，而A“力量”，C“历史”，D“角色”，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role的话，应该是复数roles,因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。【答案】D(reverse)【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize(变革)意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A.reward奖励B.抵抗C.resume重新开始，继续，都不合适，只有D选项reverse“

58、颠覆”最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。”【答案】C(slow)【解析】根据前面的句意得知，早在1975年就预测了无现金社会将到来，而实际上作者讲到“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来”，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。A.silent沉寂的，B.sudden突然的，D.steady稳定不变的。【答案】B(against)【解析】上一段末句提出本段的论点，即人们进入无现金时代的速度缓慢的原因。因此本段应围绕纸币系统不会消失来阐述。而且由句首的Although得知，空格所在句与前一句是转折关系。尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加

59、高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因，故答案选B,workagainst妨碍，对产生消极影响。A.workfor为而工作C.workwith与共事，对起作用D.workon从事工作，对起作用，都不合适。【答案】B(expensive)【解析】本句陈述的原因都是关于上句提到的传统支付方式的优点，即推广电子支付方式不利之处。所以根据这个基调，得出选项productive不对，最后根据空后的内容推理出消极意思的选项expensive，其他选项意思放到空格处不合理，imaginative，意思是“虚构的、富于想象力的”；sensitive,意思是“敏感的、容易受伤的”。故本题正确答案

60、为B。&【答案】D(dominant)【解析】空格所在句译为使得电子货币成为支付方式，将四个选项带入，C,D是比较恰当的，再结合本文章的主旨，应该选择“占主导地位的，支配地位”这层意思的D选项。A.similar相似的B.original原始的，独创的，都不合适。【答案】B(provide)【解析】纸质支票支付能够收据,这是和电子支付相比的一大优势，A.collect收集收据，C.copy复印收据，D.print打印收据都和实际生活不符合。应该是B.provide提供收据。【答案】A(giveup)【解析】该动词短语的宾语是前文的something,指代上文的advantage，纸质支票支付能