名师讲解英语专业八级人文知识复习纲要课件

1、专业八级人文知识复习纲要A. 测试要求：能基本了解主要英语国家的地理、历史、现状、文化传统等。能初步具备英语文学知识。能初步具备英语语言学知识。B.测试形式和分值：本部分采用多项选择题形式，要求学生从每个题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，共10题，10分。社会文化知识社会文化知识主要包括：（1）英语国家概况（2）英国社会与文化（3）美国社会与文化（4）西方文化入门（5）希腊，罗马神话（6）圣经下面，以英国社会文化为例给大家提供一些复习的建议历史地理：英国历史地理知识包括：英国及其各民族的起源，发展和变迁，英国历史上的重大事件，历史人物，主要山脉，河流和湖泊等。还包括由地理，地貌而造成的典型天气或

2、气候现象等。英国文化国名：The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northan Ireland.（大不列颠以及北爱尔兰联合王国）国旗：米字旗，国旗的意义。国徽，国徽的意义。国歌，国花。首都，人口，行政区划分。地理特征山脉河流与湖泊气候人口 英国文化英国的起源：I早起居民II.罗马人统治时期的英国III.央格鲁-撒克逊人IV.北欧海盗和丹麦人的入侵V.诺曼征服英国的形成：诺曼统治大宪章的内容和意义英国议会的起源百年战争及其结果黑死病1381年农民起义及其意义英国文化向现代英国的过度：玫瑰战争英国的宗教改革伊丽莎白一世英国文艺复兴英国内战及其结果王朝复辟1

3、688年光荣革命1605年火药阴谋案大英帝国的兴衰：辉格党人和托利党人18世纪末的农业革命工业革命宪章运动人民宪章工会和工党殖民扩张英国文化E.g.1. Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain?A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Ireland (D)2. Big Ben is a famous _in London.A. statue B. bridge C. hotel D. clock (D)英语文化3.The river Thames is in _A.

4、 Wales B. Scotland C. England D. Northern Ireland (C) 4.The first king of England is _,who won the overlordship in 829.A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry (C) 英语文化5.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the age of _A. 5,14 B. 6, 17 C. 5, 16 D. 6,14 (C) 英语语言学知识一：知识简介：1. Introduct

5、ion to Linguisticsa. what is Language?b. design features of Languagearbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacementc. Functions of Languageinformative, interpersonal function, performative, emotive function, Fhatic communion, Recreational function, Metalingual functiond.What is Linguistics?e.Main b

6、ranches of Linguistics phonetics, phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmaticsf. MacrolinguisticsPsycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Anthropological Linguistics, Computional Linguisticsg. Important Distinctions in Linguisticsprescriptive & descriptiveSynchronic & DiachronicLangue & PoraleCo

7、mpetence & Performance2. speech Soundsa. Speech Production and Perseptionarticulatory phonetics, Acoustic Phonetics, Auditory Phoneticsb.Speech Organsc.ConsonantsManners of Articulation, Places of Articulationd.Vowelsfour criteria, cardinal vowelse. coarticulationanticipatory coarticulation, perseve

8、rative coarticulationf. Phonetic Transcriptiong. Phonologyh. Phonemes and allophonesminimal pairs, phoneme, allophones, complementary distribution, free variationi. Phonological Process and Phonological RulesPhonological Process, Phonological Rulej. Distinctive Featuresk. Suprasegmental FeaturesSyll

9、abic Structure, Sonority Scale, Stress6. Pragmaticsa.speech Act Theory Performative and Constative, a theory of the Illocutionary Actb. The Theory of Conversational ImplicatureThe Coorperative Principles, characteristics of implicaturec. Post-Gricean DevelopmentsRelevance Theory, The Q- and R-princi

10、ples7. Theories and Schools of Modern Linguisticsa. Ferdinand de Saussureb. The Prague Schoolc. The London Schoold. american Structuralisme. Transformational-Generative GrammarE.g.1._ is regarded as “father of modern linguistics”?A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Halliday D. Whorf (B)2.The distinction betwe

11、en competence and performance is similar to the distinction between_.A. Perspective and descriptive B. Synchronic and DiachronicC. Speech and Writing D. Langue and parole. (D)E.g.1./m,n/ are_A. fricatives B. dentals C. glides D. nasals (D)2. A sound which is capable of distinguishing one word or one

12、 shape of a word from another in a given language is a _A. phoneme B. allophone C. phone D. allomorph (A)形态学E.g.1.Which of the following is not a free morpheme?A. bed B. tree C. dance D. children (D)2. Of the following word-formation process, _is the most productive.A. Clipping B. bending C. initiat

13、ion D. derivation (D)语义学E.g.1. X: They are going to have another baby Y:They have a childThe relationship between X and Y is _A. synonymous B. inconsistent C. X entailing Y D. X presupposing Y (C)2. “Fall” and “autumn” are_ synonyms.A. dialectal B. stylistic C. evaluatively different D. semantically

14、 different (A) 语用学E.g.1. _ first proposed Speech Act Theory.A. Searle B. Austin C. Grice D. Halliday (B)2. The function of the sentence “water boils at 100 degree centigrade” is _A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative (C)Model Test 1PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE l0 min There are t

15、en multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.31. Where is Edinburgh? A. In Wales. B. In Scotland. C. In Northern Ireland. D. In Ireland.32. Which of the following is NOT a U.S. news and cable network? A. ABC. B. CNN. C.

16、 CBS. D. BBC.33. The capital of Australia is_. A. Sydney B. Melbourne C. Canberra D. Perth34. Which degree is offered in community colleges in the United States? A. Masters degree. B. Doctors degree. C. Bachelors degree. D. Associate degree.35. George Bernard Shaw was a(n) A. playwright B. poet C. novelist D.