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1、实用文档非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点一、规律方法考查立意较低,主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是,题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势,不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。二、命题趋势不容置疑,高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查,试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势,但试题的难度将会有所控制。三、突破方法非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点,切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识:具有句子结构的知识,要分得清简单句与复合句,陈述句与祈使句。具有简单句最基本的五种句型
2、的知识,要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。具有扎实而丰富的动词知识,要分得清及物动词和不及物动词,双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。具备各种复合句的知识,能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能,重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别;不定式、分词作补语的区别;不定式、分词作状语的区别;独立主格的用法;不定式、分词作定语的区别。四、非谓语题的解题总方法先看四个答案:如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况,那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。看符号:中间有个逗号,末尾有个句号(有时中间没有逗号);看有没有连接词(引导词)。如果用逗号隔开的
3、两个部分都没有连接词的话,一部分是句子时,那么另一部分就一定是非句子,而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。定语态:如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的主谓关系,那么答案一般用Ving形式;如果本句的主语(或动词自带的逻辑主语)与它是逻辑上的动宾关系(被动关系),那么答案一般用Ved形式。定时态:如果非谓语的动作比谓语先(或先很久)发生,那么非谓语动词要用完成式(to),否则我们要用havedone/tohavebeendone/havingdone/Havingbeendone非谓语的一般式(todo/tobedone/doing/beingdone/done)。Eg.1.fora
4、nhourbyhisteacher,theboyfeltdepressed.A.BeingscoldedB.HavingbeenscoldedC.TobescoldedD.Scolding答案:B】五、非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点一)使用非谓动词的语言结构。1)在“句子,and/or/but+句子”的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个答案表面上象非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。hardandyouwillsucceedintheexam.hardoryouwillfailintheexam.StudyB.TostudyC.StudyingD.Studied【2、3答案:A
5、A】2)在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语。Theteacherdevotedhislifetohiscareer,mostofhisstudentssuccessfulinstudy.实用文档实用文档A.TireB.TiringC.TiredD.Totire【11答案:C】A.TireB.TiringC.TiredD.Totire【11答案:C】A.makeB.tomakeC.makingD.made【4答案:C】3)在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:withchildren,Iknowwhatisneededmost.A.WorkingB.HavingworkedC.
6、WorkedD.Towork【5答案:B】4)在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词:Withherbabyonherback,thewomanwascleaningtherichmanshouse.A.sleepB.sleptC.tosleepD.sleeping【6答案:D】Withhishairlikearoleinthefilm,theboyfeltverycool.A.cutB.tobecutC.cuttingD.tocut【7答案:B】5)在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear等使让动词或感观动词后面作
7、宾语补足语时,也可能用非谓语动词。Hemadehissisterbytakingawayhertoy.Hissisterwasmadebyhistakingawayhertoy.A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.cried【8、9答案:AB】thepolicemanfoundthethiefhishandintoanoldmanspocketandarrestedhim.A.putB.puttingC.toputD.beingput【10答案:B】二)非谓语动词考点易错点:1)表面上考分词,实际上考形容词的情况:,hefellasleepquickly.实用文档实用文档A.LookB
8、.LookingC.LookedD.Looking【17答案:D】A.LookB.LookingC.LookedD.Looking【17答案:D】Themanwonabigprize,andA.surprised;happysurprising;happyC.surprised;pleasantD.surprising;pleased【12答案:A】trealizehisgirlfriends【13答案:B】inthoughtoftheproblems,themandidncomingin.A.LosingB.LostC.ToloseD.HavinglostThestudentsinartca
9、nsignintheformandbeamemberofourschool.A.interestB.interestingC.interestedD.Tointerest【14答案:C】在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题:awhiteskirt,thegirllookslikeaangel.A.WornB.WearC.DressedinD.Dressing【15答案:C】(wear的后面加衣服;dress表示动作时,后面要加人而不加衣;bedressedin是固定搭配,其中的dressed已经演变成形容词,本是其实可以看成是whenthegirlisdressedinawhiteskirt省略而来
10、的。)inaarmchair,heisalwayssurfingonline,eatingfishandchips.A.SitB.SatC.SeatingD.Seated【16答案:D】(Sit是动词,这里应该用sitting;seat作动词时,其后不加凳子,要加人,而且这个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义。)3)在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题:tiredandweak,thewomanshouldhaveadayofftoseeadoctor.实用文档实用文档A.ToseeB.SeeingC.SeenD.Saw【21答案:C】A.ToseeB.SeeingC.SeenD.Saw【21答案:C】
11、(look在本题中不是实意动词,而是感观系动词,系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动。)Withmanyproblems,thenewlyselectedpresidentwillhaveahardtime.A.remain;unsettledB.remaining;unsettledremained;unsettlingD.remained;unsettling【18答案:B】(用with开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语,不是句子,因此用非谓语,而remain表示仍然;仍然是”时是系动词,只能用主动形式;problems与unsettle是动宾关系或被动关系,所以用过去分词unsettled.)Ha
12、vingsomeclothes,Icannotjoinyoutoseethefilm.A.towashB.tobewashedC.washedD.washing【19答案:A】(宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词;虽然衣服应该是被洗,但是当句子主语与不定式为主谓关系时,我们用主动形式表被动。)smooth,thiskindofpensellswellinourschool.A.TowriteB.WritingC.beingwrittenD.Written【20答案:B】(20解析:动词如果不是表示动作,而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时,往往用主动形式表示被动。)4)从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出
13、题:逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致,有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一致时,非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语,这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”fromthisangle,themountainlookslikeafaceofaman.themountain就要做其21解析:空格处的动词本身没有带主语,那么本句的主语实用文档实用文档逻辑主语,由于themountain与see是动宾关系,所以我们选用过去分词。,Illgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.【22答案:C】TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Ti
14、mespermitting22解析:permit与I没有主谓关系,也没有动宾关系,permit自带了逻辑主语time(时间允许的话”),而time与permit为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词的独立结构。三)注意的几点:1)有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词。enemy,LiuHunanwasverybrave.【23答案C】withdifficulties,weshouldnotgivein.【24答案B】A.TofaceB.FacedC.FacingD.face23、24解析:23题中的face是一个动词,由于与LiuHunan是逻辑上的主谓关系,我们用现在分词形式,;24题中实际上考
15、查了befacedwith这一固定搭配,其中的faced看成形容词。ThepresidentofSouthAfricafliedtoLibya,tohelpsolvethecrisis.ThepresidentofSouthAfricafliedtoLibya,athelpingsolvethecrisis.A.aimB.aimingC.aimedD.toaim【25选B26选C】25、26解析:25题考查了动词aimtodosth.(旨在做某事),;26题考查固定搭配beaimedatdoingsth.(旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容词Thoughmoney,hisparentssen
16、thimtoakeyuniversity.Thoughinmoney,hisparentssenthimtoakeyuniversity.Thoughinofmoney,hisparentssenthimtoakeyuniversity.A.lackB.lackingC.lackedD.tolack【27选B、28选B、29选A】27、28、29解析:27题中非谓语动词lacking(与hisparents及money分别构成逻辑上的主谓关系和动宾关系);28题中考查了固定搭配:belackingin(“缺少”),其中的lacking为形容词;29题考查了固定搭配(介宾结构)inlackof(
17、“缺少”),其中的lack是名词,这其实是由thoughhisparentswereinlackofmoney省略了主语禾口were而业的2)作结果状语时,doing与(only)todo的区别。表示结果状语时,现在分词(v+ing)表示意料之中的结果;而不定式(todo/onlytodo)表示意料之外的结果:Hisparentswerekilledintheaccident,(thus)himanorphan.A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.toleave【30选B】30解析:他父母出了事故,他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了,用现在分词表结果状语。31.1hurriedtos
18、chool,onlythatitwasSunday.【31选D】A.findB.findingC.foundD.tofind31解析:发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果,说明我忘记了,如果我知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了。用不定式表意料之外的的结果。3)作主语时,非谓语动词之todo与doing的区别。isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.【32选BA.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作;动句词表示一般的经常性的动作,多次散步才会有利于健康。4)演变成了介词或连词的分词。英语
19、中有些词表面上看是分词,但实际上已经变成了介词,因此应该用ing形式还是分词ed形式已经变得约定俗成了。这时往往不适用非谓动词规则,而是看英美人士的习惯。herage,shelooksquiteyoungConsiderB.ConsideredC.ToconsiderD.Considering33解析:题意是:就她的年龄而论,她显得十分年轻。”这里的considering表示考虑到;鉴于”,它已经变成了介词,不管是考虑还是被考虑”这里都用considering。高中阶段我们还学过的有:介词concerningregardingaccordingtoincludingowingto关于关于根据;
20、按照包括因为;由于连词givensupposingseeing(that)imagingproviding/provided鉴于假如因为;既然假如假如5)有些非谓语动词是省略而来的,有些则不是。byhermother,thegirlburstintotears.【34选B】A.BescoldedB.ScoldedC.ScoldingD.Toscold34解析:scold与thegirl是动宾关系,因此用过去分词作原因状语;其实这个句子也是由一个完整的原因状语从句省略来的。原句为:Becausethegirlwasscoldedbyhermother,thegirlburstintotears.
21、当主从复合句的主语一致,且谓语动词里有be动词时,可以把“连词+主语+be”部分省略。实用文档实用文档C.wasexpectinggoingD.areexpectedtogo35.thetombfor5years,heisnowcalledanexpertmoreorless.【35A.StudyingB.HavingstudiedC.HavingbeenstudiedD.Tostudy35解析:逗号前面部分不是句子省略而来,由于he与study是逻辑上的主谓关系,加上study在先(有5年了),被叫做“专家”在后,所以用非谓语动词的主动完成式6)“连词+分词”和“介词+动名词”的区别。36.
22、ifanotherhour,Iwouldhavefinisheditbetter.(give的恰当形式填空)。37.Whilehomework,theboylikeslisteningtolightmusic.(do的恰当形式填空)6、37解析:36.given是由ifIhadbeengivenanotherhour省略来的,if在省略前省略后都是连词;37.doing是由whiletheboyaredoinghomework省略来的,while在省略前后都是连词After,hefoundajobasasecretaryinacompany.(graduate的恰当形式填空)Beforeapr
23、operpersontobethenewpresident,theoldpresidentwouldntresign.(select的恰当形式填空)38、39解析:38.graduating/graduationafter这时是个介词,所以后面总是用动名词,如果改为afterhegraduated,那么这个after就变成了连词。39题中的before用法与after一样,后面加句子时,是连词,后面只加一个动词时,要用动名词形式,并充当介词。所以39填selecting非谓语动词专练1.Whilewatchingtelevision,A.thedoorbellrangweheardthedoo
24、rbellringtherewassomeoneknockingatthedoorD.weheardthedoorbellrung2.Chinaisknowngreatlyintermsofitsculturalvaluesoverthepastfewyears.A.tochangeB.havingchangedC.changingD.tohavechanged3.1mafraidwellhavetoworkextrahours,fortherearestillsomeproblemsA.remainingtosettleB.remainingtobesettledC.remainedtota
25、lkaboutD.toremaintodiscussWetriedhard,andeventually,wewereabletogetMikeushiscarjustforaday.A.lendingB.lendC.tolendD.lentThelocalgovernmentistryingallouttofindoutwhoistheforestfire.A.toblameforstartingB.toblametostartC.tobeblamedforstartingD.tobeblamedtostartTherailwaybridgeby2012willprovideafasterro
26、utetotransportgoodsA.tobecompletedB.iscompletedC.completedD.beingcompletedAlltheclassexceptEddie,whoisill,there.A.wereexpectinggoingB.isexpectedtogoTheHaitiearthquakeatthebeginningof2010isbelievedmorethan100,0130peopleandmakesmillionshomeless,itperhapsthe”mostdestroyingearthquakeinhistory.A.tokill;m
27、akingB.tohavekilled;makingC.havingkilled;tomakeD.killing;madeIonlyknowwewillhaveaLeaguemeeting,butIhavenoideawhenitA.shallwehaveB.willwehaveC.tohaveD.havingWhatareyoubusywith?Theconferenceinourcitynextweek,asyouknow.A.heldB.willbeheldC.beholdingD.tobeheldAnairFrancejetisreported_ntheAtlanticOceanwit
28、h228peopleaboard,theairlinesworstdisasterinits75-yearhistory.A.tohavecrashedB.tohavebeencrashedC.havingcrashedD.havingbeencrashedHerhusbandandshearenowatworkonanewdictionarynextyear.A.topublishB.beingpublishedC.publishedD.tobepublishedThe2010WorldExpoinShanghaiisexpectedtoattractmorethan70millionvis
29、itorsfromhomeandabroad.A.toholdB.tobeheldC.heldD.tobeholdingWhenthetelephonerang,Ihappenedinthekitchen,butwhenIcameovertogetit,itrangoff.A.tocookB.tohavecookedC.tobecookingD.having实用文档实用文档21.thegrowingnumberofpatients,theclinichadtoextenditsservicefrom21.thegrowingnumberofpatients,theclinichadtoexte
30、nditsservicefromcookedrmwonderingwhythevisitorschosetostaywiththehostfamily.reallocallife.A.ExperiencingB.ExperieneeC.experieneedWhydoyouwanttheradiosomuch?tothenews,sir.A.ListeningB.ListensC.ListenedThegovernmenthasdoneeverythingitcanA.tosaveB.savingC.saveeoplehavefoodandToexperieneeD.HavingD.Tolis
31、tentheburiedminers.D.savedwater,thegovernmenthassentenoughsuppliestoquake-hitYushu.A.MakesureB.TomakesureC.MakingsureD.MadesureOurteachersoftentellus,“theharderyoustudy,themorequestionsyouwillthinkof.”D.tobeaskedA.askingB.toaskC.beingaskedTogreatlyraisepeopleslivingconditions,.A.allkindsofmeasuresha
32、vetakentheyhavetakenallkindsofmeasuresitissaidthattheyhavetakenallkindsofmeasuresIthinktheyhavetakenallkindsofmeasures实用文档实用文档fivedaystosevendaysaweek.A.ToaccommodateB.AccommodatingC.BeingaccommodatedD.AccommodatedTedandhisfriendsestablishedawebsiteofferingusefulinformationaboutthunderstormssimilara
33、ccidentshappening.A.preventB.preventingC.topreventD.preventedmoreaboutParticipantServiceofExpo2010,ShanghaiChina,callHotline+86-21-962010.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.HavingfoundoutHehurriedtothehotel,onlyhisgirlfriendhadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told60milesaday,youneedyourmountainbikei
34、naverygoodstate.A.CoverB.CoveredC.TocoverD.HavingcoveredOurmonitor,tcleartousthathedidntwanttowastetimeplayingcomputergameslefttheInternetbarquickly.A.madeB.havingmadeC.makingD.hadmadebygreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriventhechapterfo
35、urtimes,Ifinallyunderstoodtheauthorstheory.A.ReadingB.HavingreadC.ToreadD.ReadComeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.Sorry,withsomuchworkmymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilledThemanager,hisfactorysproductswerepoorinquality,decidedtogivehisworkersfurthertraining.A.knowing
36、B.knownC.toknowD.beingknownThe82ndOscarsAcademyAwards,thebestinfilmfor2009,washeldonSunday,March7,2010.A.tohonorB.honoringC.honoredD.havinghonoredTheHotelAlArabthefirstandonly7-starhotelintheworldwasdesignedintheshapeofasailof321meters.A.wasconsideredB.consideringC.beingconsideredD.consideredIn1888,
37、amajorFrenchnewspaperannouncedthedeathofNobelinanarticle“Themerchantofdeathisdead”,whichindicatedthatNobelwasonlythoughtofasonefromkilling.A.read;profitingB.read;toprofitC.reading;profitedD.reading;profitingNowadays,manypeopleabouteatinghabitswhattheybelieve.A.takechoices;baseonB.makechoices;basedon
38、C.dochoices;basingonD.havechoices;tobaseonChinahasapopulationof1.3billion,itthelargestcountryintheworldbypopulation.A.makingB.madeC.makesD.tomakethreetimesinarow,theboxerdecidedtogiveupfighting.A.HavingdefeatedB.TohavedefeatedC.HavingbeendefeatedD.Tohavebeendefeatedafteralongwalk,Henrycalledandsaidh
39、ecouldntcomeforourparty.A.HavingwornoutB.WearingoutC.WornoutD.TobewornoutAccordingtothereport,peopleintheareasarerebuildingtheirhomesandmanyroadstotheareashavebeenrepaired.A.flooded;leadB.flooding;leadingC.flooding;toleadD.flooded;leadingWhatareonshowinthemuseum?Somepicturesbymiddle-schoolstudents.A
40、.takingB.havingbeentakenC.takenD.beingtakenTheyplantogoabroadforaholidaywithallthetaskaheadoftime.A.tofinishB.finishedC.finishingD.havingfinished,insomeareastheelectricitywascutoff,residentsin8countiesspendtheirlunarNewYearsEveindarkness.A.Makingmattersworse,makingB.Whatwasworse,tomakeC.Worsestill,m
41、akingD.Tomakemattersworse,tomakeFromtheschoolnameonthepackage,weguessedthatitmightbelongtoastudentofourschool.A.tomarkB.markingC.markedD.havingbeenmarkedInsummer,foodwillgobadifinroomtemperature.A.leavingB.leftC.beingleftD.havingleftOncethiscity,youllfindthatthereissomuchsurprisewaitingforyoutodisco
42、ver.A.visitingB.visitC.visitedD.tovisitSubwayLine4,intouseinSeptember2009,hasmadetravelinginBeijingeasier.A.havingbeenputB.puttingC.beingputD.put-IsthereanypossibilityofthefilminParisInternationalFestival?-Notintheleast,becausetheaudiencegenerallythinklittleofit.A.tryingoutB.triedoutC.totryoutD.bein
43、gtriedoutWiththreechildrenchool,thecouplehavetoleavetheirhometowninthecountrysideandworkinbigcitiesthroughouttheyear.A.attendingB.toattendingC.attendedD.beingattendedWhenIcamein,IfoundLucybythewindowtomusic.A.seated;listeningB.seated;listenedC.seating;listenedD.seating;listeningYoushouldunderstandth
44、emathproblemnow,youhavehaditthreetimes.实用文档实用文档10D考查非谓语动词的用法。根据nextweek可知选tobeheld,不定式作定语表示将来10D考查非谓语动词的用法。根据nextweek可知选tobeheld,不定式作定语表示将来A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainedD.explain50.Stellawasdisappointedtofindhernewplanandfellintogreatdepression.A.putawayB.carriedoutC.turneddownD.leftout非谓语专练习题解析
45、1B考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。根据watchingtelevision可知,主句的主语为我们”,并且hear后接不带to的不定式作宾补。故选B。2D考查不定式的完成时。根据overthepastfewyears可知动作已经完成。故用不定式的完成时。3B考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:我恐怕不得不加班了,因仍有一些问题有待处理。根据句意问题被解决可知选B。4C考查动词搭配及非谓语动词。此处考查短语getsbtodosth使某人做某事。5A考查非谓语动词的用法。此处toblame用不定式的主动形式表被动;介词for后用动名词。6A考查非谓语动词的用法。不定式作定语表示将来的动作。7D考查非谓语动
46、词及主谓一致的用法。句意:除了Eddie班里的所有学生都期望去那里。8Bbebelievedtohavedonesth.据信已经做了某事;makingitperhapsthemostdestroyingearthquakeinhistory.为现在分词短语作结果状语。9C“wh疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语、表语或者同位语,表示(将来)要做的事情,等于从句:Whenweshall/willhaveit。的动作。实用文档实用文档22C考查不定式作目的状语。句意:泰德和他的朋友们建立一个提供有关雷雨信息的网站22C考查不定式作目的状语。句意:泰德和他的朋友们建立一个提供有关雷雨信息的网站11A此题考查
47、非谓语动词的用法据报道,一架装有228名乘客的法国飞机坠落在大西洋,是航空75年的历史上最大的灾难.12D考查不定式作定语。此处tobepublished作定语,修饰anewdictionary,意为:她和她的丈夫正在编写的明年要出版一本新的词典。13B考查不定式作定语。此处The2010WorldExpotobeheldinShanghai即将在上海举行的世博会。14C考查不定式的进行时。句意:当电话响的时候,我碰巧正在厨房做饭。根据句意选C。15C考查不定式作目的状语。原句可改为:thevisitorschosetostaywiththehostfamilytoexperieneereal
48、locallife.句意:参观者选择和主人住在一起为了体验真正的当地生活。16D在情景对话中考查不定式作目的状语。原句为:Iwanttheradiosomuchtolistentothenews。此处tolisten作目的状语。17A考查不定式作状语。此句can后省略了do,原句结构为:Thegovernmenthasdoneeverythingitcandotosavetheburiedminers.18B考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:为确保人们有食物和饮用水,政府已经向玉树震灾区运输足够的供应物资。19B考查非谓语动词。此题容易错选asking。因为thinkof已经有自己的宾语them
49、orequestions,所以选toask目的状语,意为想出更多的问题来问”。20B分析语境可知,为了提高人民生活水平的逻辑主语应为“他们”,因此应用they做主句主语。不定式做目的状语时,其逻辑主语应为主句主语。21A考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为满足不断增长的病人的要求,诊所不得不把他们的服务由一周五天增加到七天。实用文档实用文档32D考查非谓语动词的用法。此处过去分词短语consideredthefirstandonly7-star32D考查非谓语动词的用法。此处过去分词短语consideredthefirstandonly7-star以避免类似事故的发生。根据句意选C。23A考查不定式
50、作状语。此处不定式tofindout表目的。24B考查不定式作结果状语。句意:他急匆匆地到达旅馆却意外发现他的女朋友已经离开了。此处不定式作状语表意外的结果。25C考查不定式作状语。句意:为了每天行60英里,你的山地车需要好的车况。26B考查非谓语动词的用法。本句可改为:Havingmadeitcleartousthathedidntwanttowastetimeplayingcomputergames,ourmonitorlefttheInternetbarquickly。先声明然后再离开,故用现在分词的完成时。27.A考查非谓语动词的用法。此处过去分词短语drivenbygreaterdemandofvegetables作原因状语。28B考查非谓语动词的用法。根据句意:r
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