主语和谓语一致

1、主语和谓语的一致主语和谓语的一致主语和谓语的一致精心整理主语和谓语的一致.主语和谓语的一致关系:谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致:Herdreamshavecometrue.Herdreamhascometrue.Sheoftenarrivesatschoollate.Theyoftenarriveatschoollate.Itisgettingdark.Eggsaregettingscarcer.Iamgettingbored.确定主语单复数的三个原则:21.语法上一致的原则:Theboyplaysfootballwell.Theboysplayfootballwell.Itisbitter

2、lycold.Iamverycold.22.看法上一致的原则:Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.(指家中的全体成员,有复数含义)Hisfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.(指整个家,用作单数)Fiveminutesisenough.(一个时间段,看作单数)Thecrewarewaitingforinstructionsfromthecaptain.(指全体船员,复数)23.周边词一致的原则:Neitherhenortheyarewhollyright.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowi

3、ngtothebadweather.Eitheryourkeyormykeyismissing.Notonlybutalsotheirteacherhasparticipatedintheparty.HeorIaminthewrong.精心整理-whatsworthvisitingthere?-well,theresthepark,thecastleandthemuseum.主谓一致的详尽原则:31.依照语法一致的原则确定谓语形式:单数主语+单数谓语;复数主语+复数谓语Theteacherencouragesthestudentstospeakfreely.Mywagesarelow,butm

4、etaxesarehigh.Theirhousehasnineroom.Italwayspaystogiveyourpaperonefinalcheck.在“主语+系词+表语结构”中,系动词要与主语的数保持一致,不受其表语的影响.Theirgreatestconcernisthechildren.Themostappreciatedgiftwastheclothesthatyousentus.Whatweneedmostisbooks.Paulisfriendswithbill.在“单数名词(主语)+(together)with+名词”结构中谓语只与主语保持一致,这是因为上述短语只起修饰主语的

5、作用,而非主语的一部分.短语:Alongwith,aswellas,inadditionto,accompaniedby,ratherthan,asmuchas,nolessthan,including,besides,except,but,like.Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.YouaswellasIarewrong.Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohe

6、lpinthiswork.Theteacher,asmuchastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.Mr.Robbins,accompaniedbyhiswife,isarrivingtonight.32主语含有and时的谓语形式:“单数名词+and+单数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数.Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeRs.精心整理JoeandBobaresmart.HeandIaregoodfriends.Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.

7、若是由and所连接的并列主语指的是同一个人或物事,谓语动词用单数.Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.Ateacherandnovelistisgoingtomakeaspeechinthehall.A/The+单数名词人+and+单数名词人+单数谓语指同一个人身兼两种职务.A/The+单数名词人+and+a/the+单数名词+复数谓语指不同样职务的两个人.Theconductorandcomposerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Theconductorandthecomposerweregreetedby

8、acrowdofpeople.一下已被看作一个整体,所以做主语时,谓语动词用单数.Knifeandfork,needleandthread,acupandsaucer,ahorseandcarriage,trialanderror,lawandorder,etc.Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.ThestarsandstripesisthenatioanlflagofUSA.Thesumandsubstanceofthespeechwasantiw

9、ar.主语为“every/each+单数名词+and+(every/each+)单数名词”时,谓语用单数.Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Eachbookandeachpaperisheldinplace.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.主语为“形容词+and+形容词+不可以数名词或复数可数名词”,并且是涉及到该名词的品种或种类时,谓语动词用复数.Chineseandbritishbeerareservedatthepub.精心整理Coolingdraftbeeri

10、sservedatthepub.Cleveranddullstudentsaretreatedalike.Thereisablackandwhitepictureonthewall.当“bothand”连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数.Bothhisbrotherandsisteraremarried.Bothwhalesanddolphinsaremammals.33依照周边词一致的原则确定谓语形式:用or连接两个名(代)词作主语时,依照“周边原则”确定谓语形式.GeorgeorTomiswanted.GeorgeorIamwrong.Wereyouorhethere?用either

11、or连接连个名代词作主语时,周边原则.EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.Eithertheshirtsorthesweaterisagoodbuy.Notonlybutalso;notbut连接两个名代词作主语时,周边原则.NotonlyMarybutalsoJohnwasinvitedtotheparty.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.34谓语用单数形式的情况:动名词,动词不定式或主语从句作主语.Reasingisagreatpleasureinlife.Tol

12、ivemeanstocreat.Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.数词或“数词+复数名词(表示时间,距离,金额,重量,大小,体积等)”作主语.Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Fiveisanoddnumber.Ahundredmilesisquiteadrive,isntit?Fivetonsisaheavyload.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.复数形式的专有名词作主语.精心整理ThePhilippinesconsistsofmorethan7,000islands.TheUnitedNationshasi

13、tsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheTimeshasalargecirculation.“manya/morethanone+单数名词”作主语.Manyalittlemakesamickle.Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanongrammaticalmistakeswasfoundinhiscomposition.表示群意义的词组,如:aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish作主语.Aflockofbirdsiscirc

14、lingoverhead.Theherdofcattleisbreakingaway.35谓语用复数形式的情况:trousers,pants,pyjamas,shorts,pliers,scissors,pincer,tongs,glasses,spectacles,tights,compasses等;一般都用复数形式,但当这些词前面有单数量词时,谓语动词常用单数形式.Wherearemyscissors?Thereisapairofscissorsonthetable.有些会集名词作主语时,要用复数形式的谓语.Sheep,Cattle,Police,Poultry,militia,peopl

15、e等;Cattlefeedongrass.Thepolicearelookingintothematter.“Several/(a)few/both/many+(of+)复数可数名词或上述词”单独用作主语时,谓语用复数形式.Severalofyouneedtoworkharder.Severalhavealreadywrittentome.36谓语用单复数皆可的情况:有些名词形式上是复数,但做主语,谓语多用单数,也可以用复数形式.Means,works,tidings,headquarter等;精心整理Thefirmsheadquartersare/isinLondon.Thegoodtidi

16、ngcome/comestoolate.Thereis/arenomeansoffindingoutwhathappened.Thesteelworksis/areclosedfortheholiday.数词组成的数学算式作主语,谓语单复亦可:Twoandthreeis/arefive.Twicetwomake/makesfour.一些复数形式疾病名称作主语,平时用单数,复数也可以.Themeaslesisaninfectiousillness.Mumpsis/arefairlyrareinadults.37不定代词作主语时的谓语形式:由any,some,no,every与body,one,t

17、hing组成的不定代词作主语或主语的一部分,谓语用单数.Somebody,anyone,nothing,everyone等;Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.Theressomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.“each,each+单数可数名词;eachof+复数名词”作主语时,谓语用单数形式.Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingblocksispaintedadifferentcolour.Eachboyhastriedtwice.Each位于复数主语此后,

18、不影响主语的数,e.g.Theboyseachhaveanapple.Either,neither作主语或主语一部分时,谓语用单数形式:Eitherisacceptable.Eitheroneisgoodenoughforme.Is/areeitherofthemadoctor?Neitheris/aretoblame.Neitheransweriscorrect.Neitherofuswants/wanttodoit.精心整理注意,neither,eitherof和neitherof等用于否定或疑问句时,特别在口语中,也可以跟复数谓语.All,some,more,most作主语或主语一部分时

19、上述+不可以数名词作主语,谓语用单数;上述+复数可数名词作主语,谓语用复数形式;Allhopehasgone.Somemoneywasspentonbooks.AllroadsleadtoRome.MostArabicspeakersunderstandEgyptian.Allisgoingwell.Theressomeinthepot.Themostyoucanhopeforisfivedollars.Allareagreedonthispoint.Somearewiseandsomeareotherwise.Manypeoplesupporttheproposal,butmoreareag

20、ainstit.All,some,more,most与of连用时:同样原则;Allofthisisyours.Someofthebookisgood.Someofthefoodhasbeeneaten,butnotallofit.Mostofhiswritingisrubbish.MostofthebooksonthatshelfareinEnglish,andtherestareinRussianorFrench.None作主语或主语一部分时:-Isthereanymilkinthecup?-No,thereisnone.Nonehavearrived.Nonehasreturnedfrom

21、themeeting.“Noneof+名词”作主语:Noneofusisperfect.精心整理Noneoftheguestswanttostay.Noneofthismoneyisyours.Noneofthesesuggestionsis/areveryhelpful.Any用作主语或主语一部分:Anyisbetterthannone.Anyisgoodenoughforme.Givemesomeifthereare/isany.Ifthereisanytrouble,letmeknow.Anychildwantstoknowthat.Therearescarcelyanyflowersi

22、nthegarden.Anyoftheseauthoritiesare/isreliable.Idontthinkanyofuswant/wantstoworktomorrow.Isthereanymoreofthisstuff?Half用作主语或主语一部分:Halfwasdamaged.Halfarehere.Ibrokethechocolateintohalves,andheresyourhalf.Halfhistimewaswasted.Halfthesoldierswerekilled.Halfmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfoft

23、heapplewasrotten.Halfofthetimewasspentinthecountry.Halfofthefruitisbad.Halfofmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfofthemarehere.Halfoftheplumsarebad.Enough作主语或主语的一部分:Enoughhasbeensaidonthismatter.Enoughareheretoconstituteaquorum.精心整理Thereisenoughfoodforeverybody.Thereareenoughplayersforagame.3

24、8表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式:Alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aquantityof,quantitiesof作主语的一部分时:Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.Lotsofmyfriendsarehere.Therewereaquantityofpeopleinthehall.Agreatdealof,anamou

25、ntof,(a)littleof,muchof与不可以数名词连用时,谓语用单数:Muchofthatfurnitureisuncomfortable.Littleoftheequipmentwasstandardized.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.Agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用,谓语用复数.Therewereagreat(good)manypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.“thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语”,因为thenumberof

26、的词义为“的数目”,如thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.39therebe句型中的谓语形式:Therebe句型中,be的形式平时取决于be后的主语的数;Therearentanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.Thereisntanymailforyoutoday.ThereresomegoodprogramsonTV.非正式英语中,若是therebe后是由and连接的并列主语,可以用复数谓语,也可以依照周边词一致的原则来确定谓语形式.Thereareabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.Thereisablu

27、epenandayellownotebookonherdesk.精心整理310需经判断来确定句子的谓语形式:会集名词作主语若是会集名词被看作是一个整体,或一个组织,谓语动词用单数形式Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theaudiencewasrathersmall.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.若是重视其各组成部分或成员的行动,谓语用复数形式.Theclasswereallcheerful.Theaudiencewereexcitedbyhisspeech.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplays.常用会集名词:Army,audience,club,class,committee,crew,faculty,troop,group,organization,government,jury,public,school,staff,team等;物主代词作主语Mineisanewbike.Theirsareoldbikes.“the+形容词”作主语指人时,谓语用复数Therichgetriche