2022年在职攻硕英语联考阅读模拟试卷含答案及解析

1、在职攻硕英语联考（阅读）模拟试卷30 (题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. Reading Comprehension Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose

2、the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. In some ways the employment interview is like a persuasive speech because the applicant (interviewee) seeks to persuade the employer (interviewer) to employ him or her. Several suggestions might prove helpfu

3、l to the applicant as preparation is made for the actual interview. A job applicant has the responsibility for ascertaining certain types of information prior to the interview. First, the applicant should know what kind of job he wants and how that job relates to his career objective. It is importan

4、t that the applicant be able to state his reasons for wishing to work for a particular company. Second, the applicant should seek as much information as possible concerning the company. Relevant information for the applicant to locate includes such items as the location of the home and regional offi

5、ces, the financial status of the company, plans for expansion, and company philosophy. Information about most major corporations is available in reference books and periodicals. After gathering information concerning the company, the applicant is ready for the interview. The interviewers first impre

6、ssion comes from the interviewees appearance. For most interviews, appropriate dress for man is a conservative (保守的) dark colored suit with a long sleeve white or light blue shirt and conservative tie. For women a conservative, tailored suit or dress is appropriate. Both men and women should have ne

7、at, conservative length hair. Although hairstyle and dress are matters of personal taste, many personnel directors form initial impressions from these characteristics. For example, one recent college graduate, who felt himself qualified, interviewed for a public relations job. However, the personnel

8、 manager considered this young mans long hair, sloppy dress, and overly casual manner unsuited for this particular position. 1 For whom is the passage most likely written?AAn employee.BAn employer.CAn interviewee.DAn interviewer.对的答案：C解析：本题问本文最也许是为什么人写的。运用浏览式阅读法通读全文，我们懂得本文重要是简介如何求职面试的问题。根据文章第一句，这里的i

9、nterviewee即指“申请工作者”。本文旨在为参与面试的工作申请人提供几条有用的建议。第二段建议应试者先着手理解公司的背景信息，第三、四段提示应试者应从哪几方面给面试官留下一种良好的第一印象。因此，本题的对的答案应是C“接受面试者”。 知识模块：阅读 2 As the author suggests, what the applicant should know before the interview is_.Athe type of work and his career expectationBhis career objective a particular company wil

10、l decideCthe reasons a particular company has to employ himDall of the above对的答案：A解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问作者建议在面试前申请人应当懂得些什么。运用查阅式阅读法，我们发现文章第二段第二句指出，一方面，申请者应确立自己所申请的工作性质以及这份工作与其事业目的的关系：她应当懂得自己为什么选择到某公司工作。因此，本题的对的答案应是A“她的工作类型和职业盼望”。 知识模块：阅读 3 Before the interview, the applicant should obtain some information

11、about_.Amost major corporationsBthe company he wants to work forCreference books and periodicalsDbusiness and philosophy对的答案：B解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问在面试之前，申请人应当获得哪些方面的信息。运用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章的第二段中找到有关内容。这部分指出，申请人应当去尽量多地获得公司背景信息，找到诸如总公司、地区子公司的所在地和公司的财务状况、发展规划以及公司的宗旨。而有关多数大公司的信息可以在参照书或期刊中找到。因此，本题的对的答案应是B“有关她想去工作的公

12、司的状况”。 知识模块：阅读 4 What the applicant wears, as the author suggests, can make him look_.ApersonalBpersuasiveCinformativeDconservative对的答案：D解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问作者暗示申请人穿什么衣服可以使她看上去如何。运用查阅式阅读法，我们发现文章第三段指出，就大部分面试场合而言，合体的男士服装是老式的深色西装，长袖白色或浅蓝色衬衫另加一条老式的领带；对女士来说，合体的服装是老式的正式女西装或礼服。第四段第一句指出，发型和着装虽然是个人爱好问题，但是，许多人事主管从

13、这些方面来形成第一印象。可见，如何着装是很重要的，它告诉面试你的人许多信息。因此，本题的对的答案应是D“个人的着装可以使她看上去很老式”。答案中的conservative的意思是“保守的、稳健的、老式的”。 知识模块：阅读 5 What is the author trying to tell us through the example in the last paragraph?AThe importance of personal taste.BThe importance of public relations.CThe importance of self confidence.DT

14、he importance of first impression.对的答案：D解析：本题是一道有关文章要点类的问题。问作者在最后一段举的例子是想告诉我们什么。仔细阅读一下最后一段，作者举了一种大学毕业生申请工作而遭回绝的例子，用以阐明该段第一句提到的道理：虽然发型和着装是个人爱好问题，但是许多人事主管由此而形成第一印象。而第一印象对求职的成败起着重要的作用。因此，本题的对的答案应是D“指出第一印象的重要性”。 知识模块：阅读 Video recorders and photocopiers, even ticket machines on the railways, often seem u

15、nnecessarily difficult to use. Last December I bought myself a video cassette recorder (VCR) described as “simple to use”. In the first three weeks I failed repeatedly to program the machine to record from the TV, and after months of practice I still made mistakes. I am not alone. According to a sur

16、vey last year by Ferguson, the British manufacturer, more than one in four VCR owners never use the timer (定期器) on their machines to record a programme: they dont use it because theyve found it far too hard to operate. So why do manufacturers keep on designing and producing VCRS that are awkward to

17、use if the problems are so obvious? First, the problems we notice are not obvious to technically minded (有技术思想的) designers with years of experience and trained to understand how appliances work. Secondly, designers tend to add one or two features at a time to each model, whereas you or I face all a

18、machines features at once. Thirdly, although finding problems in a finished product is easy, it is too late by then to do anything about the design. Finally, if manufacturers can get away with selling products that are difficult to use, it is not worth the effort of any one of them to make improveme

19、nts. Some manufacturers say they concentrate on providing a wide range of features rather than on making the machines easy to use. But that gives rise to the question, “Why cant you have features that are easy to use?” The answer is you can. Good design practice is a mixture of specific procedures a

20、nd general principles. For a start, designers should build an original model of the machine and try it out on typical members of the publicnot on colleagues in the development laboratory. Simple public trials would quickly reveal many design mistakes. In an ideal world, there would be some ways of c

21、ontrolling quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until, say, 90 percent of users can work 90 percent of the features correctly 90 percent of the time. 6 The author had trouble operating his VCR because_.Ahe had neglected the importance of using the timerBthe machine had far more

22、 technical features than necessaryChe had set about using it without proper trainingDits operation was far more difficult than the designer intended it to be对的答案：D解析：本题问作者在操作她的卡式录放机时有困难的因素是什么。此题是道具体细节问题。运用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章第一段中找到有关信息。作者在文章开头以其亲身经历抱怨卡式录放机难于操作。作者说她买的卡式录放机用着不顺手，这并不稀奇，连厂家调查也表白四分之一以上的人从不使用某些

23、功能，由于太难操作了。因此，本题的对的答案应是D“卡式录放机操作起来远比设计人员预期的要难”。 知识模块：阅读 7 According to the author, manufacturers_.Ashould add more useful features to their machinesBoften fail to make their products easy to useCshould make their appliances as attractive as possibleDoften fail to provide proper training in the use o

24、f their products对的答案：B解析：本题问按照作者的观点，生产厂家总是如何。运用查阅式阅读法，根据文章第三段，生产商总是想依托增长产品功能来提高产品魅力，成果往往导致其产品越来越难操作。因此，本题的对的答案应是选择项B“一般使得她们的产品难以操作”。选择项A、C为生产商热衷的做法而非作者的主张，选择项D与文章内容不符。 知识模块：阅读 8 It seems that manufacturers will remain reluctant to make improvements unless_.Athey can do so at a very low costBthey fin

25、d their machines hard to operateCthey have difficulty selling their productsDthey receive a lot of complaints about their machines对的答案：C解析：本题问除非在什么条件下，生产厂家似乎是不乐意改善其产品的。运用查阅式阅读法，根据文章第二段最后一句，如果生产商可以卖掉操作难的产品，她们就不会做出任何努力来改善产品。由此我们可以推断出，只有在新产品积压卖不出去的状况下，生产商才会努力对自己的产品进行改善。因此，本题的对的答案应是选择项C“除非在她们的产品销售困难的状况下

26、”。 知识模块：阅读 9 According to the passage, before a VCR is sold on the market, its original model should be tried out_.Aamong ordinary consumers who are not technically mindedBamong people who are technically mindedCamong experienced technicians and potential usersDamong people who are in charge of publ

27、ic relations对的答案：A解析：本题问按照文章内容，在卡式录放机投放市场销售之前，原始模型应当如何解决。根据文章最后一段第二句，一方面，设计者应当生产一种机器的原始模型，然后拿给有代表性的大众去实验使用。由此我们可以推断出本题的对的答案应是A“应当把机器的原始模型拿给没有什么技术的一般消费者来试用一下”。 知识模块：阅读 10 One of the reasons why VCRs are so difficult to use is that_.Athe designers are often insensitive to the operational complexities

28、of their machinesBthe range of features provided is unlimitedCthere is no ideal way of controlling qualityDtheir designers often ignore the complaints of their users对的答案：A解析：本题问卡式录放机使用起来非常难的一种因素是什么。根据文章第二段第二句话我们可以推知，设计者并不理解她们所设计的产品会给顾客带来困难，由于在顾客看来很复杂的功能在她们看来却十分容易，而等她们发现问题的时候，产品已经定型。因此，本题的对的答案应是选择项A“

29、设计者一般对她们设计的机器在操作方面的复杂性并不敏感”。 知识模块：阅读 Moneywhat a fascinating subject! There is money in the physical sense; coins, paper money, cheques and plastic credit cards. Then theres the whole interesting history of the monetary system. If youre something of a philosopher, however, you may be more interested

30、 in peoples attitude to money. Consider the difference between those who always manage to live within their income , and those whono matter how much they earnalways need to spend more. The philosophies people have about money are reflected in the way they spend it. Two families earning the same sala

31、ry may use their money in different ways. One familys consumer goods may be anothers ticket to a foreign country. In the radio series The Cost of Living, English people are heard discussing many different aspects of money. The programmers make me think of a particular Englishmanone who is not featur

32、ed in the series. Francis Bacon was born in 1560, a few years before Shakespeare, and died in 1626. As a boy he displayed a remarkable intelligence, and by the age of thirteen was a student at Cambridge University. He studied law, then had a highly successful career. By 1617 he was Prime Minister of

33、 England. He had also published some important philosophical and literary works which are still read today. Why should a series of programmes about money make me think of Lord Bacon? Briefly, because it was his attitude to money which controlled, and ultimately ruined, his life. He was a man who spe

34、nt much more than he could earn. To support his luxurious life-style he borrowed money from anyone who was foolish enough to lend it to him, then carefully avoided his creditors. Far worse, he abused his position of authority, accepting bribes in return for favors. For that he was eventually sent to

35、 prison. He spent the last years of his life in disgrace. 11 This selection is probably taken from_.Aa newspaper editorialBa history textbookCan essay on moneyDa personal record对的答案：C解析：本题需浏览全文并进一步理解才干找出对的答案。从全文的内容和体裁来看，本文重要是环绕着金钱来写的，是一篇夹叙夹议的小品文，而非报纸社论、历史课本或个人记录。因此，本题的对的答案为C。 知识模块：阅读 12 “To live wit

36、hin their income” means_.Athey dont spend more than they earnBthey have to live from hand to mouthCthey live mainly on their salary and bonusDmoney obtained honestly always comes slowly对的答案：A解析：本题是考察句子含义类的问题，运用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在第二段第二句话中找到与问题有关的信息。这句话使我们理解到两种人之间的不同，一种人量人为出，另一种人花的总比挣的多。因此本句话的含义是指那些花的比挣的少、总有

37、节余的人。因此，对的答案是A。 知识模块：阅读 13 Francis Bacon is today remembered for_.Ahis great contribution as Prime MinisterBhis attitude to moneyChis life styleDhis important philosophical and literary works对的答案：D解析：本题是一道具体细节题，题干中有明确的提示词Francis Bacon，可以运用查阅式阅读法，在第四段中找到有关信息。特别第四段的最后一句指出，至今人们仍在阅读Francis Bacon刊登的某些重要的

38、哲学和文学作品。因此，本题的对的答案是D。 知识模块：阅读 14 The expression “he abused his position of authority” means_.Ahe disliked his responsible positionBhe was rude to peopleChe took advantage of his power and put it to wrong useDhe bought things at bargain prices and sold them at higher prices对的答案：C解析：本题是考察句子含义类问题，运用查阅式

39、阅读法，我们在文章的第四段和第五段中可以找到与问题句子有关的提示信息。这两段指出，Bacon曾任首相，她生活奢侈，欠了诸多债，并且收受贿赂并最后被捕入狱。由此，我们可以推断出题目中的句子是指她滥用职权的意思。因此，本题的对的答案应是C。 知识模块：阅读 15 What does the word “physical” in the first line mean in this passage?AMaterial.BBodily.COf physics.DFacial.对的答案：A解析：本题是一道词汇含义类问题。根据本词所在的句子上下文，我们可以推断出，本题的对的答案应是A“物质的”。 知识模

40、块：阅读 Florence Sephton is 77 and lives in Deganwy, North Wales. She is reading for an arts de-gree, “Im more of a creature to polish my mind than polish my furniture. The house takes second place while I put the studying first. “ “I was very happy at school and had wonderful teaching. I passed the un

41、iversity entrance examination and was ready to go to university but with World War I went into banking. I was paid 1 pound a week. Manchester University kept my place open for three years but I was enjoying the money and the freedom so I turned it down. “ Mrs. Sephton is now in the second year of he

42、r Open University course and is finding it hard work. She underestimates her ability. “Im feeling tired more frequently. I cant do more than an hours work at a time. The memorys shocking. Im supposed to be revising and I look up notes I did earlier this year and think, Have you read this before? So

43、Im doing it very slowlyone credit a year, so itll take six years. “ “At the moment the greatest reward is simply the increase in knowledgeand the discipline. I had an essay failed this week. The professor said I hadnt answered the question. Ive been thinking about it all week. I know I havent got th

44、e facility for essay construction. I just let myself go and get excited. I feel more emotionally than I do mentally. Im very ordinary really. “ Claiming to be ordinary and lazy, Mrs. Sephton is still working hard daily at her assignments. Mrs. Sephton sees her studies as keeping her fit and independ

45、ent. “Because of my life Ive been self-sufficient. Its not a very nice characteristic. It means I dont care enough about people. I cant say I find comfort in what Ill be learning, so Ill be interested to see if theres a life ahead. “ 16 When Florence said “Im more of a creature to polish my mind tha

46、n polish my furniture” (Line 2, Para. 1) , she meant that_.Ashe was tired of learningBshe was thirsty for knowledgeCshe was more suitable for doing houseworkDshe didnt have enough time to keep the house clean对的答案：B解析：本题是一道句子含义类问题。问弗洛伦斯说的“Im more of a creature to polish my mind than polish my furnitu

47、re”这句话是什么意思。根据上下文，我们懂得老人77岁，家住北威尔士的迪根维，她在攻读文科学位。“我这个人比较注重使智慧闪光而较轻视使家具闪光，家居第二，学习第一。”由此我们可以推知，老人的话的意思是她更渴望学习知识。因此，本题的对的答案应是B。 知识模块：阅读 17 Florence never took up her place at Manchester University because_.Ashe was obliged to workBshe wasnt interested in that universityCshe no longer wanted to studyDshe

48、 was happy with her job对的答案：D解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问弗洛伦斯从未去曼彻斯特大学就读的因素是什么。运用查阅式阅读法，我们可以在文章的第二段中找到有关信息。这段指出，“想当年我的学校生活不久乐，很喜欢所学的课程。我通过了大学人学考试并准备去上大学，但是却爆发了第一次世界大战，我便在银行找了份工作，每周拿一英镑的薪水。曼彻斯特大学为我保存了3年学籍，但是，我喜欢挣钱和工作的自由，于是便放弃了这个机会。”因此，本题的对的答案应是D“她对自己的工作很满意”。 知识模块：阅读 18 How is she getting on with her studies?AAge

49、makes it more difficult for her to cope with her studies.BShe devotes only one hour a day to her studies.CHer memory is as good as it ever was.DShe has to read everything twice.对的答案：A解析：本题是一道总结归纳类问题。问老人的学习进展如何。根据文章第二段内容，目前，塞福顿夫人在学习开放大学二年级的课程，并且学得很吃力。她对她的能力估计局限性。“我常常感到疲劳，每次学习不能超过一小时。我的记忆令我气愤。我必须常常复习，

50、当我拿起今年早些时候所做的笔记时便想，这些你此前看过吗?因此，我学得很慢，每年结业一门课，这就需要修6年。”因此，本题的对的答案应是A“年龄使得她应付学习比较困难”。 知识模块：阅读 19 Florence says she isnt a good essay-writer because_.Athe essay topics are difficult for herBshe likes only a few of the topicsCshes not young enoughDshe finds it difficult to organize ideas properly对的答案：D解

51、析：本题是一道具体细节题。问弗洛伦斯说她的论文写不好的因素是什么。文章第三段指出，弗洛伦斯说：“目前最大的回报仅仅是增长知识及知识的陶冶。本周有一篇论文不及格。专家说我文不对题。对此我考虑了整整一周，方才搞明白，我对论文写作不得要领，只是由着性子跟着感觉写，我感到是多了感情，少了理智，我的确很平凡。”因此，本题的对的答案应是D，她发现自己总是由着性子跟着感觉写，即很难将文章主题组织得很恰当。 知识模块：阅读 20 Florence thinks that_.Ashes hard-workingBshe has a strong characterCshes rather lazyDshe de

52、pends on other people对的答案：C解析：本题问弗洛伦斯觉得她如何。根据文章最后一段的内容，在声称自己平凡和懒惰的同步，塞福顿太太每天仍在努力地做作业。塞福顿太太把学习视为保持健康和独立的方式。因此，我们可以推知本题的对的答案应是C“她觉得她自己很懒惰”。 知识模块：阅读 British universities, groaning under the burden of a huge increase in student numbers, are warning that the tradition of a free education is at risk. The

53、universities have threatened to impose an admission fee on students to plug a gap in revenue if the government does not act to improve their finances and scrap some public spending cutbacks. The government responded to the universities threat by setting up the most fundamental review of higher educa

54、tion for a generation, under a non-party troubleshooter (调停人)，Sir Ron Dearing. One in three school-leavers enters higher education, five times the number when the last review took place thirty years ago. Everyone agrees a system that is feeling the strain after rapid expansion needs a lot more money

55、but there is little hope of getting it from the taxpayer and not much scope for attracting more finance from business. Most colleges believe students should contribute to tuition costs, something that is common elsewhere in the world but would mark a revolutionary change in Britain. Universities wan

56、t the government to introduce a loan scheme for tuition fees and have suspended their own threatened action for now. They await Dearings advice, hoping it will not be too latesome are already reported to be in financial difficulty. As the century nears its end, the whole concept of what a university

57、 should be is under the microscope. Experts ponder how much they can use computers instead of classrooms, talk of the need for lifelong learning and refer to students as “consumers”. The Confederation (联盟) of British Industry, the key employers organization, wants even more expansion in higher educa

58、tion to help fight competition on world markets from booming Asian economies. But the government has doubts about more expansioa The Times newspaper agrees, complaining that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “mass production methods more ty

59、pical of European universities”. 21 The chief concern of British universities is_.Ahow to tackle their present financial difficultyBhow to improve their educational technologyChow to expand the enrollment to meet the needs of enterprisesDhow to put an end to the current tendency of quality deterioration对的答案：A解析：本题问英国大学重要关注的是什么。从第一段中，我们可以理解到英国大学警告说老式的免费教育将不复存在，由于学生人数的迅速增长，已使大学不堪重负。大学当局还威胁说要对学生入学收费以弥补收入的局限性。因此，本题的对的答案应是A“如何解决目前的经费困难”。而B“如何改善教育技术”，C“如何扩大招生以满足公司的需求”，D“如何结束目前教育质量下滑的趋势”，这三个选项都不是本题的对的答案。 知识模块：阅读 22 We can learn from the passage that in Britain_.Ahigher education is provided