2021天津职称英语考试真题卷

1、第 页2021天津职称英语考试真题卷本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.A Long and Expensive War 2.Language and Communication 3.How to Determine a Topic for Research 4.Language and Communication 5.Phobia 6.A Long and Expensive War 7.How to Read Books 8.How to Determine a Topic

2、for Research 9.Language and Communication 10.How to Read Books 11.Phobia 12.How to Determine a Topic for Research 13.A Long and Expensive War 14.Language and Communication 15.Language and Communication 16.Language and Communication 17.Language and Communication 18.Language and Communication 19.Langu

3、age and Communication 20.Language and Communication 21.Language and Communication 22.Language and Communication 23.Language and Communication 24.The passage mentions all of the following factors for the existence of life EXCEPT().A. the right amount of atmosphere.B. a steady supply of water.C. stead

4、y heat and light.D. the right distance from the sun.25.Fords Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everyw

5、here, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make carsone, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900%, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a disassembly line. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an a

6、utomobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on ind

7、ustrial development, tells what happened:The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minutes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minu

8、tes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖，拉) past workers who completed them one piece at a time. It wasnt long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and econom

9、ical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that time, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitl

10、ed Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.Which of the following statements about Henry Ford is NOT true().A. He introduced a new way of production.B. He inf

11、luenced all manufacturing.C. He inspired other auto makers.D. He changed the minds of historians.26.Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Bosto

12、n, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodents (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinnessand not necessarily dietpromotes long life in calorie (热量卡) restricted animals.Its very coal work, says aging resea

13、rcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. Its like heaven.Calorie restriction .dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly

14、 because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less .food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells.

15、But kahns team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin:To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab micebut only in their fat cells. Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming

16、 fat, explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahns modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice, despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition, their lifespan i

17、ncreased. The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days. After three years, all the control mice had died, but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial, says

18、 Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals. It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long

19、 life, he points out, and that would be very interesting.Ronald Kahn and his colleagues can make mice live longer by().A. offering them less food.B. giving them a balanced diet.C. disrupting the specific genes in their fat cells.D. preventing them growing larger.27.Gun Rights in the US Immediately a

20、fter the shooting at Virginia Tech University, Americans gathered to mourn (致哀) the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the (51) . But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to (52) weapons. Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country (53) gun v

21、iolence has destroyed lives, families and communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the (54) countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it. In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted stricter (55) control soon after se

22、rious gun violence incidents. US leaders, however, are held (56) by the gun lobby (院外活动集团) and the electoral (选举) system. The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun (57) in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun control anyway. (58) the y

23、ears, the Democrats have found that they can either campaign for gun control or win power, not (59) ;they prefer power.A. ceremony B. funeral C. grief D. tearsAccording to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm (火器) incidents accounted (60) nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 200

24、5. So, although opinion polls show most Americans want stricter gun laws, many dont want to give up their arms they (61) to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said, If one professor in the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon, they

25、 might have been able to (62) ai1 this. In his opinion, the massacre (大屠杀) is an argument for more people to carry weapons, not fewer.But at the root of Americans clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of (63) ,commented UKs Guardian newspaper.One Virginia res

26、ident, who had a permit to carry a concealed (隐藏的) firearm, told the Guardian that it was (64) Americans responsibility to have a gun.Each person, he said, should not rely solely (65) the government for protection.28.Fords Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference i

27、n all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most influenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make carsone, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the ear

28、ly 1900%, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a disassembly line. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveye

29、r, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the University of Delaware, an expert on industrial development, tells what happened:The previous day, workers carrying out the entire process had averaged one assembly every 20 minu

30、tes. But on that day, on the line, the assembly team averaged one every 13 minutes and 10 seconds per person.Within a year, the time had been reduced to five minutes. In 1913, Ford went all the way. Hooked together by ropes, partially assembled vehicles were towed (拖，拉) past workers who completed th

31、em one piece at a time. It wasnt long before Ford was turning out several hundred thousand cars a year, a remarkable achievement then. And so efficient and economical was this new system that he cut the price of his cars in half, to $260, putting them within reach of all those who, up until that tim

32、e, could not afford them. Soon, auto makers over the world copied him. In fact, he encouraged them to do so by writing a book about all of his innovations, entitled Today and Tomorrow. The Age of the Automobile has arrived. Today, aided by robots and other forms of automation (自动化), everything from

33、toasters to perfumes is made on assembly lines.The writer mentions slaughterhouses because they were the places where().A. Fords assembly line originated.B. Ford made his first car.C. Ford readjusted the assembly line.D. Ford innovated the disassembly line.29.Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever

34、genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs the life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodents (啮齿动物) increase of fat i

35、n specific cells. This suggests that thinnessand not necessarily dietpromotes long life in calorie (热量卡) restricted animals.Its very coal work, says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. Its like hea

36、ven.Calorie restriction .dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as worms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with

37、a drug once they understand how less .food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eating less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But kahns team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin:To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛

38、素) receptor (受体) gene in lab micebut only in their fat cells. Since insulin is needed to help fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat, explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahns modified mice had up t

39、o 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice, despite the fact that they ate 55 per cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition, their lifespan increased. The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days. After three years, all the contr

40、ol mice had died, but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.That they get these effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial, says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to

41、prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie-restricted animals. It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life, he points out, and that would be very interesting.According to the passage, we do not know whether humans will benefit from taking in

42、 fewer calories partly because().A. humans, worms and rodents are different.B. most people are not willing to be put on a strict diet.C. the effect is not known.D. genetic changes in tissues can not be performed on humans.30.Gun Rights in the US Immediately after the shooting at Virginia Tech Univer

43、sity, Americans gathered to mourn (致哀) the dead. The president and the state governor both hurried there to share the (51) . But the majority of Americans still cling to their right to (52) weapons. Strictly speaking, the US is not the only country (53) gun violence has destroyed lives, families and

44、 communities in everyday circumstance. But the US is one of the (54) countries that seem unwilling and politically incapable of doing anything serious to stop it. In countries like Britain and Canada, the government adopted stricter (55) control soon after serious gun violence incidents. US leaders,

45、 however, are held (56) by the gun lobby (院外活动集团) and the electoral (选举) system. The powerful National Rifle Association, the major supporter of gun (57) in the US, is too strong for any party to take on. Most Republicans oppose gun control anyway. (58) the years, the Democrats have found that they

46、can either campaign for gun control or win power, not (59) ;they prefer power.A. own B. make C. destroy D. tradeAccording to the US Bureau of Justice Statistics, firearm (火器) incidents accounted (60) nine percent of the 4.7 million violent crimes in 2005. So, although opinion polls show most America

47、ns want stricter gun laws, many dont want to give up their arms they (61) to protect themselves.Dave Hancock, a Virginia gun lover, is one example. In an interview he said, If one professor in the Virginia incident had been carrying a legal weapon, they might have been able to (62) ai1 this. In his

48、opinion, the massacre (大屠杀) is an argument for more people to carry weapons, not fewer.But at the root of Americans clinging to the right to bear arms is not just a fear of crime, but a mistrust of (63) ,commented UKs Guardian newspaper.One Virginia resident, who had a permit to carry a concealed (隐

49、藏的) firearm, told the Guardian that it was (64) Americans responsibility to have a gun.Each person, he said, should not rely solely (65) the government for protection.31.Eat More, Weigh Less, Live LongerClever genetic detective work may have found out the reason why a near-starvation diet prolongs t

50、he life of many animals.Ronald Kahn at Harvard Medical School in Boston, US, and his colleagues have been able to extend the lifespan (寿命) of mice by 18 per cent by blocking the rodents (啮齿动物) increase of fat in specific cells. This suggests that thinnessand not necessarily dietpromotes long life in

51、 calorie (热量卡) restricted animals.Its very coal work, says aging researcher Cynthia Kenyon of the University of California, San Francisco. These mice eat all they want, lose weight and live longer. Its like heaven.Calorie restriction .dramatically extends the lifespan of organisms as different as wo

52、rms and rodents. Whether this works in humans is still unknown, partly because few people are willing to submit to such a strict diet.But many researchers hope they will be able to trigger the same effect with a drug once they understand how less .food leads to a longer life. One theory is that eati

53、ng less reduces the increase of harmful things that can damage cells. But kahns team wondered whether the animals simply benefit by becoming thin:To find out, they used biology tricks to disrupt the insulin (胰岛素) receptor (受体) gene in lab micebut only in their fat cells. Since insulin is needed to h

54、elp fat cells store fat, these animals were protected against becoming fat, explains Kahn.This slight genetic change in a single tissue had dramatic effects. By three months of age, Kahns modified mice had up to 70 per cent less body fat than normal control mice, despite the fact that they ate 55 pe

55、r cent more food per gram of body weight.In addition, their lifespan increased. The average control mouse lived 753 days, while the thin rodents averaged a lifespan of 887 days. After three years, all the control mice had died, but one-quarter of the modified rodents were still alive.That they get t

56、hese effects by just manipulating the fat cells is controversial, says Leonard Guarente of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who studies calorie restriction and aging.But Guarente says Kahn has yet to prove that the same effect is responsible for increased lifespan in calorie-restricted ani

57、mals. It might be the same effect or there might be two routes to long life, he points out, and that would be very interesting.What does the last sentence in the third paragraph imply().A. People like to lose weight, but they do not like to eat less.B. People want to go to heaven, but they do not wa

58、nt to die.C. Mice will go to heaven if they lose weight.D. Mice enjoy losing weight.32.Fords Assembly LineWhen it comes to singling out those who have made a difference in all our lives, you cannot overlook Henry Ford. A historian a century from now might well conclude that it was Ford who most infl

59、uenced all manufacturing, everywhere, even to this day, by introducing a new way to make carsone, strange to say, that originated in slaughterhouses (屠宰场).Back in the early 1900%, slaughterhouses used what could have been called a disassembly line. Ford reversed this process to see if it would speed

60、 up production of a part of an automobile engine called a magneto. Rather than have each worker completely assemble a magneto, one of its elements was placed on a conveyer, and each worker, as it passed, added another component to it, the same one each time. Professor David Hounshell of the Universi