大学英语综合教程第三册-Unit2

1、UNIT 2 Civil-Rights Heroes Text A: The Freedom Givers In 2004 a center in honor of the “underground railroad” opens in Cincinnati. The railroad was unusual. It sold no tickets and had no trains. Yet it carried thousands of passengers to the destination of their dreams.Before Reading 1. Background In

2、formation 2. Warm-up Questions And so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-

3、evident, that all men are created equal. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering

4、 with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I h

5、ave a dream today! BACKBackground BACK1. The Civil Rights Movement2. Uncle Toms Cabin3. The Underground Railroad 4. SlaveryThe Civil Rights Movement (In the US) the national campaign by African-Americans for equal rights, especially in the 1950s and 1960s. The campaign included boycotts (=refusals t

6、o buy particular products), the actions of freedom riders, and in 1963 a march to Washington led by King. It succeeded in causing the introduction of bussing and affirmative action. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were also introduced as a result of the civil rights mo

7、vement, which has helped to change the attitudes of many white Americans. BACKMartin LutherUncle Toms Cabin Uncle Toms Cabin, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, is one of the most famous and popular pieces of Civil War literature. Drawn from selected pieces of real life anecdotes, Uncle Toms Cabin wa

8、s a book that drew many people into the fight over the institution of slavery.Northerners hailed (欢呼) the book, while southern slaveholders abhorred it.BACKThe Underground Railroad The Underground Railroad was not underground. Because escaping slaves and the people who helped them were technically b

9、reaking the law, they had to stay out of sight. They went “underground” in terms of concealing their actions. The routes the slaves traveled is 560 miles (900 kilometers) long. A strong, lucky runaway might have made it to freedom in two months. For others, especially in bad weather, the trek (跋涉) m

10、ight have lasted a year. BACKSlavery Slavery played a particularlyimportant role in the history of theUS. Conflict between the North andthe South increased, and itbecame clear that supporters and opponents of slavery could not continue to be part of the same country. In 1861, the slave states left t

11、he US and formed their own government. This was the beginning of the Civil War.BACKWarm-Up Questions1. What are the special contributions of Abraham and Martin to the Americans?2. What are the reasons for American Civil War?3. Do you know some stories related to slavery? Talk about it.BACK While Rea

12、ding 1. Language Points2. Text Organization3. Details of TextFor Part One For Part TwoLanguage Points1. Story n. storey (房屋的)层 eg. There are three storeys / stories including the ground floor. the first storey (A.E.) = the ground floor (B.E.) ( com. ) floor, layer, level2. slender adj. (of people) s

13、lim ; not very wide but comparatively long or high ; small a girl, hopes, legsUPDOWN3. settlement n. a place where people have come to settle / live eg. This village is said to be the of a group of artists. settle v. (cause to) live in a place for a long time (sb.) in sp. eg. People would usually ch

14、oose to (themselves) in somewhere they can find adequate food and water. (cause to) become calm or quiet down eg. This medicine can your nerves. I can only fall asleep after the noise d down.UPDOWN make more tight or close eg. Shake the bottle to the sugar. decide, solve eg. Ill be glad when its all

15、 d. Relating phrases settle down (使)安坐 sb. down in a chair / 定 居 /定下心来 settle for 接受，勉强同意 such a dull life settle in / into 熟悉或习惯于 my new job settle on 决定，同意，选择 this dress settle up (with) 结帐 the waiter after a mealUPDOWN4.confident adj. feeling or showing trust in oneself or ones ability be about /

16、 of / that clause eg. 练得越多，对自己越有信心。 The more you practice, the more you are about yourself. confidence n. have in sb. / sth. (com.) confidential adj. 机密的5. racial adj. relating to a persons race, or to different races of people discrimination / prejudiceUPDOWN6. stand up for speak, work in favor of

17、sb. / sth. ; support sb. / sth. sb. / sth. eg. You have to be prepared to the things you believe in. (com.) stand for 代表 ; stand up 站起来 7. historic adj. famous or important in history历史上有名的， 有历史性的，有历史记载的 eg. A city with a long history usually owns many buildings. 景德镇是个历史名镇。 Jingde is a town.UPDOWN (

18、com.) historical adj. belong to history 有关历史的,历史上的,史实的 eg. Many documents were destroyed in the fire. I am quite fond of novels cause I can learn a lot from them. historical novel 指关于真实存在的人或事的故事 historic 形容事指这事会留在历史记载中 sth. historic is surely historical, but sth. historical is not necessarily histor

19、ic. history history book 指叙述过去真正发生的事情的书，通常是指教科书。UPDOWN8. site n. place where a building is situated eg. The local government hasnt chosen the site for the new city library. web-site 网址9. mission n. particular task or duty eg. They have been on a to rescue those people caught in a fire. 他的使命就是帮助需要帮助的

20、人。 His is to help those who are in need.UPDOWN10. forge n. create by means of much hard work eg. She a new career for herself as a singer.11. underground adj. in or into secrecy or hiding eg. Some organizations are undertaking some kind of illegal activity.12. liberate v. set free sb. / sth. from eg

21、. He wishes to himself from desperation with the help of this medicine. liberal adj. 自由的 liberation n. 解放、释放 liberty n. 自由 ( Statue of Liberty)UPDOWN13. authorize v. give approval or permission for sth ; give authority to eg. The city d a housing project. He was d to act for that old. The central go

22、vernment d $200 million to build a park at the downtown. authority n. 权威, 权力, (pl.) 当局 authorization n. 授权, 认可authoritarian adj. 专制的14. exploit n. brave or adventurous deed or action (usu.pl) eg. Were amazed at the s of the famous heroes. v. make use of, take advantage of, develop eg. They are sent

23、to the coal fields in the desert.UPDOWN15. intent adj. having the stated firm intention be on (doing) sth. eg. He is so on his work that he spends 18 hours a day on it.16. peer v. look closely or carefully, esp. as if unable to see well at / through / into (com.) peep, peek 偷看17. decade n. period of

24、 ten years (com.) anniversary century millenniumUPDOWN18. on the side as an additional job or source of income ; secretly eg. Some teachers have ways of making some money . He works at a bar in his spare time .19. head v. go for sp. eg. Im heading for the gym.20. capture v. go after to catch sb. or

25、sth. , take over eg. In order to the escaped prisoner, they have worked for five days continuously.UPDOWN n. capturing or being captured eg. All the police involved were overjoyed by the news of the of that dangerous criminal. capturer n. 捕获者21. close in ( on / around) come near to, esp. in order to

26、 attack from several directions ; surround eg. We need to speed up, or the capturers will on us soon. 在他逃脱五分钟后，警察就包围了他。 Only five minutes after his fleeing, he was closed in by the police.UPDOWN22. leg n. a part of a trip eg. The first of our trip is from Hong Kong to Hawaii.23. course n. continuous

27、 movement in space or time the of sth. eg. We shall be serving drinks and desserts during the of flight.24. painful adj. causing pain ; hurting eg. Hes got a lot of memories of his childhood. Cutting a finger is quite .UPDOWN24. religious adj. of religion eg. People have different beliefs even they

28、have the same nationality. serious and conscientious eg. His attitude toward arts could be called as . (antonym) irreligious religion n. n. a belief that people hold to direct their behavior and give them moral instructions sth that people firmly believe and seriously deal with eg. Baseball is a wit

29、h him. He makes a of it. Christianity, Buddhism, Islam UPDOWN25. conviction n. firm opinion or belief eg. The old woman had a firm conviction that there would be a better life after death.26. terminal n. ( building at the ) end of a railway line, bus route, etc. eg. Some people believe that they can

30、 reach the happy of their lives with religious conviction. a pc connects the user with a computer system eg. All staff have s attached to the companys main computer. adj. at the end eg. the station the stage UPDOWNsb. come to do sth. 表示 do sth. at the end of a fairly long process, 使用 这样的结构可以使句子更简洁。可

31、以避免重复使用 finally, eventually, at last, gradually等表示这种意思的副词。 Exercise : 1) we come to appreciate the value of life. 2) people will come to like genetically modified crops someday 3) , we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert. 4) came to understand that the Chinese pre

32、ferred “ teaching by holding the hand ”.UPDOWN27. impose v. place a (penalty, tax, etc.) officially on sb. / sth. eg. The government is trying to a further tax on wines. Those factories which pollute the environment should be d fines heavily. try to make sb. accept (an opinion or a belief) sth. on s

33、b. eg. Parents should not their own wills on their children. n. imposition 强行，强人所难28. as for with regard to , as to 至于，关于 eg. Some people have complained, but me Im satisfied with the working conditions here.UPDOWN29. transport v. take sth. / sb. from one place to another in a vehicle eg. Pipe lines

34、 are used mainly to liquids or gases over long distances. 用船运送货物是相对较经济的方式。 It is a comparatively cheaper way to cargos through ships. n. transportation ships 30. disguise v. give sb. / sth. a false appearance 改装, 掩饰, 伪装 sb. / sth. as eg. The actress d herself as a man so that no one can recognize he

35、r.UPDOWN n. things used to disguise sb. / sth. sth. in 指外表看不见的事实或表象与事实正好相反的事物 eg. His illness was a blessing in , because he afterwards married his nurse. (com.) distinguish v. 区别，分辨31. abolish v. end the existence of ( a law, custom, system, etc. ) eg. Slavery was not finally ed in the British Empi

36、re until 1833. In order to protect wild animals, we should the global fur industry. n. abolition 废除，终止UPDOWN32. make the best of accept an unsatisfactory situation cheerfully and try to manage as well as you can 尽量利用，充分利用 eg. The living condition in he village were very poor, but we had to it. 我们要充分

37、利用所拥有的资源来创造机会。 We should all the resource we own to create opportunities.33. compel v. make ( sb. ) do sth ; force sb. to do eg. Most children dont like to be compelled to learn various courses at weekends.UPDOWN34. at risk threatened by the possibility of loss failure, etc. ; in danger at ( adj. )

38、risk ( of / from sth. ) eg. It is reported that some areas in North China are at high risk of water shortage. 木制建筑有着火的危险。 Wooden buildings are from fire.35. starve v. ( cause a person or an animal to ) suffer severely or die from hunger eg. Some people d to death during the long drought. In order to

39、 lose weight, she has d herself for nearly two weeks. n. starvation 饥饿UPDOWN36. in the eyes of in the opinion of eg. his students, Mr. White is a friend more than a teacher. 在所有父母看来,无论他们的孩子多大都还是小孩子。 all the parents, their children are still young kids no matter how old they are.37. pass for appear l

40、ike ; be accepted or looked upon as ( = pass as ) ( attention ) 主动形式表示被动意义 eg. He speaks English well enough to a native speaker. 有些绢花看起 来就跟真的一样。 Some silk flowers real ones.UPBACKText OrganizationPartsParasMain IdeasOne 1-5 It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging t

41、he Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America. Two 6-23 By citing examples the author praises the exploits of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. BACKDetails of TextPart OneReading Understanding:1. In what way was Josiah Henson d

42、ifferent from Uncle Tom? 2. Why was Henson called an African-American Moses? 3. What was the Underground Railroad? Who forged it? 4. Why did the author want to tell the readers the stories of the heroes of the Underground Railroad?BACKPart TwoReading Understanding:Story1. How did John Parker win his

43、 freedom? / Why did some people try to capture John Parker?Main Idea: After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom.DOWNStory2. Why did Levi Coffin, a white man, help black slaves to freedom? / What risks did Coffin run while hel

44、ping slaves? / What difficulties did the slaves have in traveling the Underground Railroad to freedom? / Why did many slaves go to Canada? Main Idea: Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk.DOWNUPStory3. Why did Henson decide t

45、o escape? / What help did the Hensons received on the way to safety and freedom?Main Idea: By traveling in the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and became free at last. BACKUPAfter Reading1. Paraphrase and Translation2. Retelling the Stories3. Writing PracticeParaphrase an

46、d TranslationParaphrase and translate the following sentences:1. In Kentucky, where he was now headed, there was a 1000 reward for his capture, dead or alive.2. The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about color.3. Henson worked diligently and rose far in his

47、owners regard.BACKRetelling the StoriesRead the text carefully, then retell the stories according to the following pictures:BACK Useful Expressions: the slave market; determined to; live free; iron molding; save money; buy his freedom; by day; iron foundry; by night; conductor; 1000 reward his capture; dead or live; soft knock; pe