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1、Non-restricted verbs非谓语不定式（to do)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)- ing 分词-ed 分词一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别 顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。近年来高考命题常常通过改变熟悉的句型结构或利用一些“ 貌合神离” 的手段，加大考生辨别非谓语动词的难度。 一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词， 除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现在主从复合句或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。The meeting is to be held tomorrow . The meet

2、ing to be held tomorrow is very important. 2. He was knocked down by a car yesterday. The boy was running in the street, to be knocked down by a car. 3. The road is being repaired. 例 At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005上海

3、） A. sitting B. having sat C. to sit D. sat解析： 此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即 或项，而and实际上作为并列连词并列的 是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing与 sitting.D例 Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buyingBPrices of daily goods which have been bought thro

4、ugh小试牛刀1). If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better_ it youve got some big bills coming.(2004广东）A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget2). Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _ fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. having ADThe Infinitive

5、不定式主动语态被动语态一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing 1.They invited us _( visit) the United States soon. 2.It was a great regret _( make ) such a mistake. 3. He happened _( telephone) when I went in. 4. I seem _ (meet ) him somewhere before. 5. I

6、 must be off now . I am pleased _( meet ) you. Pleased _(meet ) you, Mr Cook. 6.He is said _( work)at the factory since then. to visit to have made to be telephoning to have met to have met to meet to have been working7. He claimed _ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. A. being

7、badly treated B. treating badly C. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated 8. To fetch water before breakfast seemed to me a rule _. A to never break B. never to be broken C. never have broken D. never to be breaking D B 9.Wang Hua is said _ a new computer programme recently, but I dont kn

8、ow when she will finish it . A. to design B. to be designing C. to have been designing D. to have designed C 10. The problem _ tomorrow has something to with our daily life. A discussed B. being discussed C. to be discussed D. been discussedC 11.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ e

9、verythng. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told D 12.You are silly not _ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having lockedB The Grammar Function 语法功能主语宾语宾补表语定语状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词名称1. To make a plan first is a good idea. = It is a good idea to make a plan first.

10、 It takes three hours to walk there. Note : What a pleasure it is to work with them! How relaxing it is to bathe in the sun on the sand!It is possible for him to master the art of speaking. It was careless of him to break the coffee cup.= He was careless to break the coffee cup.( 主语）2.His wish is to

11、 become a scientist. To a doctor , the most important thing is to save peoples lives. 3. He cant afford to buy a car. I dont know what to say to calm her. I find it important to learn a second foreign language. Seeing the room crowded , in the back.I had no choice but to stand I could do nothing but

12、 stand（表语）（ 宾语）1. _ is a difficult habit to break. Its not good for you _ so much today. A smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. To smoke 2. My job today is _ all the flowers in the garden. A water B. watering C. to water D. watered 3. He likes _ , but he doesnt like _ today ,because it is too cold. A. to s

13、wim ; . to swim B. swimming; swimming C. to swim; swimming D. swimming; to swim C D C D 4. The doctor advised me to have a blood test. We dont consider his plan to be practical. I saw the lady lock the door. (宾补）The lady was seen to lock the door. Though he had often made his little sister _, today

14、he was made _ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying ; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry ; cryA 5. I have something to say. Please give a knife to cut with. The boy cried as he had no children to play games with. Mary is always the last to arrive at the office. (定语）1.After she considered the prob

15、lem, she got a tall box to stand _. A. by B. on C. up D. with 2. Then there are always people to _ if you feel like a chat. A. talk to B. talk C. speak about D. speak B A 3. The captain was the last one _ the sinking ship. A to leave B. leaving C. left D. to have leftA 6. Ive come to pick up my son.

16、(目的状语) He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. (结果状语) I was too angry at that not to say about it . He is too careful not to notice spelling mistakes. She is only too pleased to go home. (原因状语) The two men were too anxious to leave. 1. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. s

17、o not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to B 2.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple , but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 3.The news reporter hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. A. to tell B.

18、 to be told C. telling D. told B B 4. _ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English. A. Improving B. To improve C.Improve D. Having improved 5.A middle-aged woman came _ to the bus stop only _ the bus had gone. A. to run, to find B. running , to find C. and ran , finding D

19、. running , finding B B 6. He sat back on the chair , took a book and began to read,_. A. being looked at ease B. looking rather at ease C. to look rather at ease D. looked rather at ease B 7.The Yellow Rver _ to be “ the mother river” runs across China like a huge dragon. A. saying B. to say C. sai

20、d D. is said 8. Well get more money in the years _. A. coming B. to have come C. to come D. comeC C Ex. Translation . 爬这样高的山似乎是不可能的. 他们想找个长凳坐坐. 有许多行李要照看. 他关了所有的灯为了不浪费电. 我还未决定留还是不留. To climb such a high hill seemed impossible. They tried to find a bench to sit on. There is a lot of luggage to take ca

21、re of.He turned off all the lights so as not to waste electricity.I havent decided whether to stay or not.7. 何时举行会议还不知道. 8. 我的问题是怎样得到这麽多书.When to hold the meeting is not known yet. My question is how to get so many books.动词不定式的特殊用法一.主动表被动1. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. A to

22、 be chosen B. to choose from C. to choose D. for choosing 2. With a lot of difficult problems _, the manager felt worried all the time. A. to settle B. settling C. settled D. being settledB A 8.Is that the laundry? I have some clothes _. Leave them in your room, please and were going to fetch them s

23、oon. A. to wash B. to be washed C.washed D. washingB C 11.I have a suggestion _ at the meeting . A put forward B. putting forward C. to put forward D. to be put forward 3.Id like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being brea

24、thed 4. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished . A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing B A 二.动词不定式+ to have done 表示过去打算,希望,期待的事情没有实现1. I would love _ to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish the report . A to go B. to have gone C. going

25、D. having gone 2. Why did you come to see the play you didnt like? I shouldnt like _ , but my friend insisted . I like _. A. coming , dancing B. to come, to dance C. having come , to dance D. to have come, dancingB D 三.动词不定式省略的情况1. I want to finish my homework and _(go) home. Im really puzzled what

26、to think or _(say). 2.What he did was _(lose) the game go say lose3. Rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride, ride B. riding , ride C. ride , to ride D. to ride , riding C 四.动词不定式的替代1.Would you like to go for a walk? Yes, Id love to. 2. He wanted to attend her wedding

27、 , but his wife didnt allow him to . (go for a walk .)( attend it)1. Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all. _. A Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street , but his mother told him_. A. n

28、ot to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to D A 5.1).-Is Tom a teacher? . No , but he_ (曾经是). 2).Are you on holiday? -No ,but _(我想是) 3).You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I _(应该) used to be Id like to be ought to haveNote: 1. Arent you the manager? -No, and I

29、dont want to be. 2. He hasnt finished yet. Well, he ought to have. the Gerund (动名词)名称动名词语法功能主语宾语宾补表语定语状语主动语态被动语态一般式完成式( not) doing (not) being done( not) having done (not ) having been done1.Smoking may cause cancer. 2.I suggest trying it in a different way. 3. His most serious problem is smoking. 4

30、. The old man climbed to the top of the tower with a walking stick. Ex. 1. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. Thats all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 2. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caug

31、ht C. being caught D. to catch B C 3. While shopping , people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuade C 4._ made her mother very angry. A. Mary marrying Jim B. Marys married Jim C. Marys marrying Jim D. Marys b

32、eing married JimC 5. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _. A. accepted fully B. being fully accepted C. fully accepted D. fully being accepted 6.Tony was very unhappy for _ the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invit

33、edB D 7.What worred the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital. A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his beng not allowed D. having not been allowed 8.No one had told Smith about _ a lecture the followng day. A. there being B. there be C. there would be D. there was.B A 10._

34、 in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for. A. The girl was educated B. The girl educated C.The girls educating D. The girls being educated 11. The foreign friends you referred to _ looking forward to _ around our unversity. A. are, being shown B. beng ; being shown C.being ,

35、 showing D. are , be shown D A ( )11.There is _ what the weather will be like tomorrow. A. no knowing B. not known C. not knowing D. no known 12. On my way home , I saw a thief _ money from a lady by the police. A. being caught stealing B. having caught stealing C. caught stealing D. having been cau

36、ght to stealA C 2. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner . A . been called B. called C. having called D. being called D 4. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins ,too. C. to collect coins is also his hobby

37、 D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure D Who can be depended on _ ( do) such a job? Such things shouldnt be allowed _( happen) again. Which do you enjoy _( kill) your time, watching TV or reading books? Who do you feel like _( go ) with you? to do to happen to kill to go I dont feel like

38、 to go to the cinema tonight. 2. She is used to live in the village . 3. We hoped he being here would make the work easier. 4. I regret having not worked harder while young. 5. Im thinking of go to visit my aunt. 6. I began knowing about the danger of pollution. 7. Remember posting the letter. 8. My

39、 father used working in the countryside when he was in his twenties . 9. His letter requires to answer immediately. 10. Before use, the machine must be oiled. going living his not having going to know to post to work answering being used The Participle -The present Participle and the Past Participle

40、 ( not ) done (not )doing (not)having done ( not)being done ( not )having been done主动语态被动语态现在分词过去 分词一般式完成式一般式语法功能名称现在分词过去分词主语宾语宾补表语定语状语1. _( study ) with Li Ming , I learned a lot from him . 2. _( promise ) to accompany my mother to the concert , Im unable to accept your invitation. 3. _( not meet)

41、him, I cant tell you what he is like . 4. _( see ) from the mountain , the city looks beautiful. 5.The door _( close) by him led to the garden. 6. I can feel my hear _( beat) quickly. Studying Having promisedNot having met Seen closed beating 7. Listen! The song _( sing) is very popular with the stu

42、dents. being sung 8.They use computers to keep the traffic _ smmothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running 9.With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected D C 10._ to reach them on the phone, we sent an

43、 email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 11. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C.spoken D. to spoken D C 12.In April, 2009, prsident Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao,_ the 60th anniversary of the fou

44、nding of the PLA Navy. A. marking B. marked C. having marked D. being marked 13. _ and short of breath , Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai . A. to be tired B. Tired C. tiring D. Being tired A B Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences. Put a tick if the sentence is

45、 correct.1. Feeling tired, so I went to bed early.2. A husband and wife usually call each other by their first names when speaking to their friends.3. In the drawer the daughter found the letter being written by his father.4. Having never gone skiing, I decided to take lessons. 5. Walking along the

46、street, I noticed a small ice-cream store almost hidden between a department store and a bank6. Carrying a flashlight, the path could be seen clearly.正确Never having正确we could see the path1.Finding her car stolen,_. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked

47、 for everywhere D. she hurried to a policemen for help.D 2. To learn English well ,_. A. a good dictionary is needed B. he needs a good dictionary C. English should be practised often D. The teacher should allow their students to make mistakesB _ many times , she still didnt understand it. A. Having

48、 been told B. Having told C. Being told D. He was told A _ many times,but she still didnt understand it, D 1._ ,they will go and visit the zoo. A. Weather permitting B. Weather permitted C. Weather being permitted D. Weather having permitted 2. _from the Great wall , a sense of pride suddenly came i

49、nto his mind. A. Seeing B. Seen C. Having seen D. When he saw 3. She was away ,her classmates had to do cleaning for her 4. There was no pen ,I had to write the letter with a pencil. 5.The purse not yet finding , he went to the police.A D being being found 1._ the general state of his health , it ma

50、y take him a while to recover from the operation. A Given B. To given C. Giving D. Having given 2._ such heavy pollution already , it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 3._ good weather ,our ship will reach Bombay Friday evening. A. Gi

51、ving B. Given C. Give D. Being givenA A B 4. _ from what he said , he did well this time. A. Judge B. Judging C. To judge D. Judged 5._ everything into consideration, they ought to be given another chance. A. Take B. Taken C. To take D. TakingB D VIII. Non-restricted verbs1. The storm left, _ a lot

52、of damage to this area.A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused2. “You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, _ away.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran3. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A. To have hadB. Having had C. Have D. HavingD

53、B D 4. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _. A. to arrive; leaving B. to arrive; to leave C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave5. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China.A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid

54、6. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go onC BA 7.You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained8.I dont want _like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan i

55、s unfair.to sound B. to be soundedC. sounding D. to have sounded9. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lostD A B 10. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heatin

56、g supply breakdowns. A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put11. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. haveA C 12. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _ advantage of th

57、e health and relaxation benefits. A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken13. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. A. sittingB. having satC. to sitD. sat 14. Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we wer

58、e together, _ fun. A. had B. have C. to have D. havingA D D 15. What should I do with this passage? _ the main idea of each paragraph.A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out16. - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to l