高中英语主谓一致

1、主谓一致1、考纲解读在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年 来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近（远）一致 原则等三个方面。2、知识精讲一）.语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数，句子的主语意义复数，则 谓语用复数。具体表现如下：.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时:谓语 动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm.他父亲正在农场工作。To study English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。

2、Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有 害。What he said is very important for us all.他所说的对我们都很重要。The children were in the classroom two hours ago.两个小时前孩子们 在教室。注意:山what, who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但 若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时;主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I say is helpful to you.What I bought wer

3、e threeEnglish books.两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式； 如果是一个问题的两个方面，用单数形式。Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。Where and when to hold the sports meet hasnt been decided.在哪儿和 什么时间开运动会还没有决定。Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起

4、早唾对我 们的健康有好处。.由连接词and或both. and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用谓语动词的复 数形式。Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是双胞胎。Both the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. 听到消息，男孩和女孩都很吃惊。注意点请参看下面的“逻辑意义一致原则”。. either, neither, each, every 或 no +单数名词和由 some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词，都看作单数。Each of us has a new book.我们

5、每人都有一本新书。Everything around us is matter.我们周围每件事都是麻烦。注意：在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of +复数名词(或代词)”作主语 时，其谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting.这两篇文章都很没趣。若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后 面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of us has (have) been to America.我们没有人去过美国。.在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, whic

6、h等作主语时，其谓语动词的数 应与句中先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.他是我那些努力工作的朋 友中的一个。He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.他是我唯一努力 工作的朋友。.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员， 其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience, public, board, class, team, group, com

7、pany, crew, enemy, government, herd, jury, party 等。二）、逻辑意义一致原则二）、逻辑意义一致原则Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班学生在选班长的事 情上没能达成一致。注意：people, police, cattle, youth等名词一般都用作复数。The police are looking for the lost child.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。.由“a lot of/lots of/plent

8、y of/the rest of/the majority of+名 词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数十名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的 数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.教室里有很多人。The rest of the lecture is wonderful.讲座剩余的部分很精彩。0% of the students in our class are girls.我们班 50%的学生是女生。注意：a number of “许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of 的数量”，主语

9、是number,谓语用单数。The number of unemployment has reached five million.失业人数已经达 到五百万。A number of workers have recently left the company.最近有很多工人辞 掉了工作。.若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单 数形式。The writer and artist has come.那位作家兼艺术家已经到了。.由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every, more than a (an), many a (an)修饰时，其谓语

10、动词要用单数形式。Every student and every teacher was in the classroom.每个学生和每位 老师都在教室里。No boy and no girl likes it.没有哪个男孩或女孩喜欢它。.表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可 用单数形式，也可用复数。One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.桌子上剩下一个半苹 果。. many a, more than one和a+名词单数+ or two作主语时，谓语动词用 单数。many a的意思是“许多，m

11、ore than one的意思是“不止一个，a+名 词单数+ or two的意思是“一个或两个”，从意义上讲，它们表示复数，但用作 主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully.许多成功的店铺 都非常乐意地付了房租。More than one person is involved in this.与此事有牵连的人不止一个。A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 两个工人将被 派往国外去工作。. trousers, glasses, clothe

12、s, shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如 果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下那双鞋子是他的。.“定冠词the +形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表 示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。The young are mostly ambitious.年轻人多半有雄心。Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured. Th

13、e injured was rushed to hospital.昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。注意：有个别的“the +形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若 用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good指“好人”时 表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused指一名被告时表单数意义，指 多名被告时表复数意义。比较：The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。The accused was acquitted of the charge.被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge.被告均被宣告无罪。（指多人）三