托福阅读机经练习：温血海龟

1、第 PAGE16 页 共 NUMPAGES16 页托福阅读机经练习：温血海龟为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，练习更多的题目，下面WTT给大家带来托福阅读机经练习：温血海龟，!托福阅读机经练习：温血海龟A Warm-Blooded TurtleWhen it es to physiology, the leatherback turtle is, in some ways, more like a reptilian whale than a turtle. It swims farther into the cold of the northern and southern oceans than

2、any other sea turtle, and it deals with the chilly waters in a way unique among reptiles.A warm-blooded turtle may seem to be a contradiction in terms. Noheless, an adult leatherback can maintain a body temperature of between 25 and 26C (77-79F) in seawater that is only 8C (46.4F). Acplishing this f

3、eat requires adaptations both to generate heat in the turtles body and to keep it from escaping into the surrounding waters. Leatherbacks apparently do not generate internal heat the way we do, or the way birds do, as a by-product of cellular metabolism. A leatherback may be able to pick up some bod

4、y heat by basking at the surface; its dark, almost black body color may help it to absorb solar radiation. However, most of its internal heat es from the action of its muscles.Leatherbacks keep their body heat in three different ways. The first, and simplest, is size. The bigger the animal is, the l

5、ower its surface-to-volume ratio; for every ounce of body mass, there is proportionately less surface through which heat can escape. An adult leatherback is twice the size of the biggest cheloniid sea turtles and will therefore take longer to cool off. Maintaining a high body temperature through she

6、er bulk is called gigantothermy. It works for elephants, for whales, and, perhaps, it worked for many of the larger dinosaurs. It apparently works, in a smaller way, for some other sea turtles. Large loggerhead and green turtles can maintain their body temperature at a degree or two above that of th

7、e surrounding water, and gigantothermy is probably the way they do it. Muscular activity helps, too, and an actively swimming green turtle may be 7C (12.6F) warmer than the waters it swims through托福阅读题目:海龟日照托福阅读考试日期2022年7月01日C卷Passage 3托福阅读题目难度分析p 简单托福阅读内容生物：海龟日照。海龟会在太阳下晒很长时间，即使不舒适也会继续晒，科学家探明原因海龟体温调

8、节的方式Temperature Regulation in TurtlesPond turtle喜欢晒太阳，通过晒太阳来保持体温：紫外线会促进维生素D的合成，有助于龟的生长，促进消化，帮助去除algea和leech。小型龟依靠不同环境之间的转化来调节体温microclimate，树荫啊都是龟很喜欢的环境，有意思的是，假如龟对环境越熟悉，调节体温的速度就越快，因为熟悉环境的龟更容易找到哪个地方暖和，哪个地方凉快。大型龟通过寻找大型的遮挡物来调节体温，非常悲催的一个现象：在夏天，大型龟需要在沙滩上找食物，但沙滩上又很少有树荫和遮挡物，哪怕有，也会被体型大的龟占领，假如抢不到食物而坚持觅食，就会因为

9、体温过热而死掉。大型龟在海洋里又是另一种情况：大型龟在海里可以通过肌肉活动来调节体温，身材大对保温是一个优势，详细可以参照，第一，动物体型越大，外表和体积的比例越小。体重每增加一盎司，相应的容易流失热量的外表就越少。第二，通过厚厚的绝缘脂(脂肪)来维持体温。第三，通过逆流交换系统中，血管将鳍部冷却的血液与身体其他部位温热的血液进展交换来维持体温。托福阅读版本二一开场说海龟会在太阳下晒很长的时间，即使他们不舒适了也会继续晒，科学家就想探明原因。可能是为了进步身体温度，但是有些海龟在没有太阳的时候也会晒，而且有些体温和水没有太多差异。有些海龟不晒，有些晒了之后下水热度会迅速消失雌性和雄性有差，因为

10、雌性要去feed，去繁殖，晒太阳的时间就少了托福双语阅读资料：美国情侣不结婚Fear of the trauma of divorce is stopping many young couples from walking down the aisle， a university report has found.一项大学研究发现，许多美国年轻情侣不结婚是因为怕遭受离婚的创伤。With the share of married adults at an all-time low in the United States， the latest research by demographers

11、at Cornell University and the University of Central Oklahoma unveils clues why couples dont get married - they fear divorce.眼下美国已婚人士的比例降到了史上最低点，康奈尔大学和中央俄克拉荷马大学的人口统计学家做的最新研究提醒了为什么美国情侣们不结婚他们怕离婚。Among cohabitating couples， more than two-thirds of the studys respondents admitted to concerns about dealin

12、g with the social， legal， emotional and economic consequences of a possible divorce.承受调查的同居情侣有超过三分之二的人成认自己担忧假如离婚将要应对社会、法律、情感和经济等一系列后果。The study， “The Specter of Divorce： Views from Working and Middle-Class Cohabitors，” is published in the journal Family Relations and is co-authored by Sharon Sassler

13、， Cornell professor of policy analysis and management， and Dela Kusi-Appouh， a Cornell doctoral student in the field of development sociology.这一研究名为离婚的阴霾：工人阶层和中产阶层同居者看婚姻，发表在家庭关系杂志上，由康奈尔大学的政策分析p 与管理学教授莎伦 萨斯勒和开展社会学方向的博士生德拉 库西-阿坡共同撰写。Roughly two out of three - 67 percent -of the studys respondents shar

14、ed their worries about divorce.约三分之二(67%)的被调查者吐露了他们对于离婚的担忧。Despite the concerns， middle-class subjects spoke more favorably about tying the knot and viewed cohabitation as a natural stepping stone to marriage pared to their working-class counterparts.尽管年轻人怕离婚，但中产阶层的年轻人相对于工人阶层的年轻人还是比拟赞成结婚的，他们把同居视为自然地

15、走向婚姻的垫脚石。Lower-ine women， in particular， disproportionately expressed doubts about the “trap” of marriage， fearing that it could be hard to exit if things go wrong or it would lead to additional domestic responsibilities but few benefits.担忧婚姻会成为“牢笼”的低收入女性比重尤为突出，她们害怕假如婚姻不如意将难以持续，或认为结婚会带来额外的家庭负担而却没多少好

16、处。The study also found working-class cohabitating couples were more apt to view marriage as “just a piece of paper，” nearly identical to their existing relationship.研究还发现，工人阶层的同居情侣更倾向于认为婚姻“只是一张纸”，和他们现有的关系几乎没什么两样。They were twice as likely to admit fears about being stuck in marriage with no way out o

17、nce they were relying on their partners share of ine to get by.他们成认自己害怕一旦要依靠另一半的收入过日子便无法从婚姻牢笼中逃脱，有这种想法的工人阶层年轻人是中产阶层年轻人的两倍。The authors hope that their findings could help premarital counselors to better tailor their lessons to assuage widespread fears of divorce and to target the specific needs of va

18、rious socioeconomic classes.作者希望他们的发现可以帮助婚前咨询师更好地调整课程，以舒缓人们对离婚的普遍恐惧，并能针对不同社会经济阶层的特定需要进展授课。托福阅读材料分享：Never sell your soulMy fellow job seekers: I am honored to be among the first to congratulate you on pleting your years at North Carolina AT. But all of you should know: as Mothers Daygifts go, this on

19、e is going to be tough to beat in the years ahead.The purpose of a mencement speaker is to dispense wisdom. But the older I get, the more I realize that the most important wisdom Ive learned in life has e from my mother and my father. Before we go any further, lets hear it one more time for your mot

20、hers and mother figures, fathers and father figures, family, and friends in the audience today.When I first received the invitation to speak here, I was the CEO of an 80 billion Fortune 11 pany with 145,000 employees in 178 countries around the world. I held that job for nearly six years. It was als

21、o a pany that hired its fair share of graduates from North Carolina AT. You could always tell who they were. For some reason, they were the ones that had stickers on their desks that read, “Beat the Eagles.”But as you may have heard, I dont have that job anymore. After the news of my departure broke

22、, I called the school, and asked: do you still want me to e and be your mencement speaker?Chancellor Renick put my fears to rest. He said, “Carly, if anything, you probably have more in mon with these students now than you did before.” And hes right. After all, Ive been working on my resume. Ive bee

23、n lining up my references. I bought a new interview suit. If there are any recruiters here, Ill be free around 11.I want to thank you for having me anyway. This is the first public appearance Ive made since I left HP. I wanted very much to be here because this school has always been set apart by som

24、ething that Ive believed very deeply; something that takes me back to the earliest memories I have in life.One day at church, my mother gave me a small coaster with a saying on it. During my entire childhood, I kept this saying in front of me on a small desk in my room. In fact, I can still show you

25、 that coaster today. It says: “What you are is Gods gift to you. What you make of yourself is your gift to God.”Those words have had a huge impact on me to this day. What this school and I believe in very deeply is that when we think about our lives, we shouldnt be limited by other peoples stereotyp

26、es or bigotry. Instead, we should be motivated by our own sense of possibility. We should be motivated by our own sense of acplishment. We should be motivated by what we believe we can bee. Jesse Jackson has taught us; Ronald McNair taught us; the Greensboro Four taught us; that the people who focus

27、 on possibilities achieve much more in life than people who focus on limitations.The question for all of you today is: how will you define what you make of yourself?To me, what you make of yourself is actually two questions. Theres the “you” that people see on the outside. And thats how most people

28、will judge you, because its all they can see what you bee in life, whether you were made President of this, or CEO of that, the visible you.But then, theres the invisible you, the “you” on the inside. Thats the person that only you and God can see. For 25 years, when people have asked me for career

29、advice, what I always tell them is dont give up what you have inside. Never sell your soul. Because no one can ever pay you back.What I mean by not selling your soul is dont be someone youre not, dont be less than you are, dont give up what you believe, because whatever the consequences that may see

30、m scary or bad - whatever the consequences of staying true to yourself are - they are much better than the consequences of selling your soul.You have been tested mightily in your life to get to this moment. And all of you know much better than I do: from the moment you leave this cus, you will be te

31、sted. You will be tested because you wont fit some peoples pre-conceived notions or stereotypes of what youre supposed to be, of who youre supposed to be. People will have stereotypes of what you can or cant do, of what you will or wont do, of what you should or shouldnt do. But they only have power

32、 over you if you let them have power over you. They can only have control if you let them have control, if you give up whats inside.I speak from experience. Ive been there. Ive been there, in admittedly vastly different ways - and in many ways, in the fears in my heart, exactly the same places. The

33、truth is Ive struggled to have that sense of control since the day I left college.I was afraid the day I graduated from college. I was afraid of what people would think. Afraid I couldnt measure up. I was afraid of making the wrong choices. I was afraid of disappointing the people who had worked so

34、hard to send me to college.I had graduated with a degree in medieval history and philosophy. If you had a job that required knowledge of Copernicus or 12th Century European monks, I was your person. But that job market wasnt very strong.So, I was planning to go to law school, not because it was a li

35、felong dream. Because I thought it was expected of me. Because I realized that I could never be the artist my mother was, so I would try to be the lawyer my father was. So, I went off to law school. For the first three months, I barely slept. I had a blinding headache every day. And I can tell you e

36、xactly which shower tile I was looking at in my parents bathroom on a trip home when it hit me like a lightning bolt. This is my life. I can do what I want. I have control. I walked downstairs and said, “I quit.”I will give my parents credit in some ways. That was 1976. They could have said, “Oh wel

37、l, you can get married.” Instead, they said, “Were worried that youll never amount to anything.” It took me a while to prove them wrong. My first job was working for a brokerage firm. I had a title. It was not “VP.” It was “receptionist.” I answered phones, I typed, I filed. I did that for a year. A

38、nd then, I went and lived in Italy, teaching English to Italian businessmen and their families. I discovered that I liked business. I liked the pragmatism of it; the pace of it. Even though it hadnt been my goal, I became a businessperson.I like big challenges, and the career path I chose for myself at the beginning was in one of