高中英语《1阅读理解主旨大意类解题指导》

1、 阅读理解主旨大意类解题指导Teaching objectives.Master basic skills to get the main idea of a passage. Learn how to understand a passage better. Teaching important and difficult pointMaster the four skills and practice them when reading passages.Teaching procedures:Step1. 考纲解读考纲要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广

2、告 等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（ 1 ）理解主旨要义；（ 2）理解文中具体信息；（ 3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（ 4）做出判断和推理；（ 5）理解文章的基本结构；（ 6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。主旨大意题考查内容：文章主旨、段落大意和文章标题。主旨句特点：主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文或全段的主要内容，具有高度的综合性 和概括性。Step2. 解题策略技巧1：速读头尾，明确主题Practice:Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. T

3、hose are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored （ 监控 ） in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people-m asilseand online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread fasterand

4、 farther than disasters and sob stories.“ The if it bleeds rule works for mass media, ” sayslaJronaat hthBeeUrgneivre, rasistycho of Pennsylvania. “ They want your eyeballs and don t care how you re feeling. But when you shar a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don t w

5、ant them to think of yas a Debbie Downer. ”Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelingslike anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused （ 激发 ）one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad

6、. The more positive an article, the morelikely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book,“ Contagious: Why Things COn. ”What can be a suitable title for the text?Sad Stories Travel Far and WideOnline News Attracts More PeopleReading Habits Change with the TimesGood News Beats Bad o

7、n Social Networks 思路点拨 浏览第一段，找到but, but 之后往往是作者想要强调的重点，不难发现主题句：scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.再结合最后一段第一句话，可以看出本文强调好消息比坏消息传播得更快，选D。技巧2：定位中心句寻找主题句的四个小窍门：.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题.开头出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章

8、主旨。.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键 词。.表示总结或结论白勺句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion 等词。Practice:A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off if it is milked f

9、rom a 一 cow at night.Researchers have discovered that“ night milk coeitrioisinmorelm素 ),whichhas been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and a

10、t night.Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to

11、 sleep longer.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat, Sugar and HealthC. An Experiment on Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health思路点拨首段 but 之后出现主题句 But now a study has found it really does help people nod off if it is milked from a cow at night. 显然答案选 A。技巧3:找高频词任何一篇文章都是围绕某

12、个主题展开的，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。Practice:Sometimes you llhear people say that you can love others until you love yourself.Sometimes you ll hear people say that you can t expect someone else to love you until you loveyourself. Either way, you ve got to love yourself first and this can be

13、 tricky. Sure we all know thatwe rehe apple of our parents eyes, and that our Grandmas think we regreat talents and ourUncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics, but sometimes it s a lot harder to think sucnice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge

14、, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.Self-image is your own mind s picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others ho

15、ld about us. Unfortunately, most of these images are more negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is,

16、 make a list if you need to, but write down all of the great things you do every day. Don t allow doubts to occur in it.It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and m

17、ake a change of it as your primary task. If you think you re silly because you aren t good at math, find a tutoryou think you re weak because you can t run a mile, get tk thedtpractice. If you think you re dull because you don t wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just becau

18、se you think it doesn t mean it s true.The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards pr

19、omoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍)yourself on the back, you lknow you rwell on your way. Good luck!What is the passage mainly about?How to prepare for your success.How to face challenges in your life.How to build a positive self-image.How to develop your good qualities.思路点拨关注划线词self-

20、image,多次出现，显然是文章讲的核心话题，选项中只有 C出 现 self-image。技巧4:同义概括 同(近)义转换表达是所有阅读考试的特点，跟主题句意思相同的选项，往往就是正确答案。Practice:Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still sw

21、im as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins, twinkle ,“Twinklelittle star or re

22、member the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?People remember well what they learned in childhood.Children have a better memory than grown-ups.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.Stories for children are easy to remember.思路点拨文章提到了 grown-u

23、ps,举了 a man、a mother的例子，可见是指所有人都能很好地记得童年发生的事，故选 AoStep3.主旨大意题选项特点.正确选项特点：.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。.确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小。.精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。.错误选项特点：1).过于笼统。.偷换概念。.无中生有。PracticeAlex London Research Laboratory (ALRL) is part of Alex Co., Ltd., a major Australian medicine-making company. Opened in 1992, ALRL specia

24、lizes in the development of new medicines for the treatment of heart diseases.A position is now open for a Research Operations Manager (ROM) to support our growing research team at the new laboratories in Hatfield, due to open in the autumn of 2010.Reporting to the Director, you will help set up and

25、 run the technical and scientific support services of our new laboratories now under construction. You will be expected toCandidates (申请人)will have experience of both management and research support / technical services. Knowledge of research operations and excellent communication skills are necessa

26、ry. Education to degree level is also desirable.If you are interested in this position, please send your CV （ 简历）to Alex London Research Laboratory, University College London, Hatfield, London, W1E 6B7 or by email to ALRL alex. co. uk. For more information, please visit www. alex. co. uk.What does t

27、he fourth paragraph mainly talk about?The technical skills of a would-be ROM.The practical experience of a would-be ROM.The personal information of a would-be ROM.The necessary requirements for a would-be ROM.思路点拨第四段出现了 experience, knowledge, skills, education,只有D选项可以覆盖这几 方面。A, B选项太偏面，C选项不准确。Step3.

28、SummaryStep4. Homework:完成四篇阅读理解课后巩固练习AThe National Day holiday is a great opportunity to do something a little different. Many people use the National Day for a getaway, a short trip to leave the stress of their everyday lives behind and explore, learn, or relax. Hotel RomanceMany hotels and resorts

29、 feature something special to start the getaway, such as champagne, flowers, or a fruit basket in the room on arrival. Getaway packages usually include a room with something special, a heart shaped bed, for example. Additional benefits could be room service meals or other private dining, plus ticket

30、s or discounts for local attractions.Visit a SpaSpa getaways can take place at a location that focuses only on spa services or at a hotel that offers a spa as one of its features. Some spas emphasize treatments fit for their geographic area or a local attraction. A spa in a grape growing region migh

31、t provide grape juice masks, or a hotel near a hot spring could offer mineral baths. Most spas offer a range of massage, health and beauty treatments, so a spa getaway can be relaxing with other benefits. Learn a SkillThe National Day holiday may not be enough time to become an expert at something n

32、ew, but it provides a way for people to begin their explorations. Some organizations offer intensive courses that last five or six days. People with special interests can get away from their routines while learning such things as how to make beer, speak a new language, or take better photos. Help Ot

33、hersSome organizations cooperate with businesses to have accommodations and activities for short-term volunteers. Most volunteer vacations involve ecology friendly or charity activities. A volunteer getaway is a way to relieve stress and help others at the same time. Stay in a National ParkFor those

34、 who want to relax in a rural environment, a national park fits the bill. Most national parks provide camping areas for tents and trailers. Several have cabins within the parks available to rent. A getaway to a national park provides privacy, stress relief, and the time to get to know some important

35、 natural resources.It can be learned from the text that.spas are offered in the tourist attractions all over the countryintensive courses of some organizations help people get away from homehelping others at weekend makes people feel free and relaxedpeople may get close to nature in a national parkW

36、hich of the following can be rented in a national park?A. Cabins.B. Trailers.C. Camping area. D. Privacy.The best title of the passage can be.A. Away from Our Busy WorkB. Good Ways to Relieve StressC. Enjoy Life and Help OthersD. National Day Holiday Getaway IdeasBWhen talking about colds（感冒）,maybe

37、some people say it is very common. During the cold winter days, many people will complain （抱怨） the cold winter makes them catch a cold, and what they feel upset are not only the headache, cough but also the runny nose. It is so embarrassing when they forget to take a handkerchief or tissue along wit

38、h them.Want to stay away from colds? Put on a happy face.Compared to unhappy people, those who are cheerful and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, according to a new study. It ible tha t beipossappy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchers from New York University.“Itseems that

39、 positive（积极的）feelings may reduce （减少）the danger of illness, said the study s chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were cheerful and lively caught coughs and colds less often. People who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they

40、felt ill.In this study, Cohen has interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. During the interviews, the people told researchers that they were given colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.The results showed that everyone in the study was equally（ 相等地）likely to get ill. Bu

41、t for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.Cohen believes that when people experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical that helps fight illness and disease. So if you are worried about your health

42、, look on the brighter side more often.The underline part in Paragraph 5 is probably means.A. sadB. bad-temperedC. thoughtful D. outgoingWhat did the study find?People who felt happy never got ill.People s feelings didn t influence their health.People with good feelings became ill more easily.People

43、 with positive feelings had less serious illnesses.According to Cohen, which of the following may help fight illness?A. Eating. B. LaughingC. CryingD. Sleeping.What is the best title for this passage?A. Smiles can fight coldsB. Cause of colds foundC. The danger of coldsD. How people get sickCIreland

44、 has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer（征服）Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The resul

45、t is that today there are two “ Irelands N”ort.hern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.In the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750， 000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage（ 短缺

46、） of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still w

47、ork on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace. Since indepeThe Irish are famous for being warm hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a

48、famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were“ the greatest talkers since the Greeks. Since indepeIreland has revived（ 复兴 ） its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Iri

49、sh music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.What does the author tell us in Paragraph 1?How the Irish fought against the English.How Ireland gained independence.How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.How two “ Irelands ” came into being.We learn from the text that

50、in Irelandfood shortages and a lack of work in the 1840s led to a decline in populationpeople are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countrysideit is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory workerdifferent kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instrumentsThe last paragra

51、ph is mainly aboutA. the Irish characterC. Irish musical instrumentsWhat can be the best title for the text?A. Life in IrelandC. Ireland, Past and PresentB. the Irish cultureD. a famous Irish writerB. A Very Difficult HistoryD. The Independence of IrelandDSome educators told us that more years of sc

52、hool could help students get higher scores on intelligence tests. That was a finding of a study of teenage males in some countries. Now ， another research shows that physical activity may help students do better in their classes.The research comes as educators in some countries are reducing time for

53、 activities like physical education. They are using the time instead for academic subjects like math and reading.The studies appeared between 2008 and 2014.They included more than 55,000 children , aged 6 to 18.Amika Singh : According to theresults of our study , we can conclude that being physicall

54、y active is beneficial for academic performance. There are , first, physiological explanations , like more blood flow , and so more oxygen to the brain. Being physically active means there are more hormones（荷尔蒙）produced like endorphins（内啡肽）.And endorphins make your stress level lower and your mood improved , which means you also perform better.”Also , students taking part in organized sports learn rules and how to follow them. This could improve their classroom behavior and help them keep their mind on their work.The study leaves some questions unanswered , however. Ms Stash says it i