必修一高一英语阅读理解精彩试题(科技类)

1、必修一高一英语阅读理解优秀试题(科技类)必修一高一英语阅读理解优秀试题(科技类)11/11必修一高一英语阅读理解优秀试题(科技类)合用文档(1)Thecomputerisausefulmachine.Itisthemostimportantinventioninmanyyears.Theoldestkindofcomputeristheabacus(算盘),usedinChinacenturiesago,butthefirstmoderncomputerwasbuiltin1946.Acomputerthencoulddomathsproblemsquitefast.Todaycomputer

2、sareusedinmanywaysandcandomanykindsofwork.Inafewyearsthecomputermaytouchthelifeofeveryone,evenpeopleinfarawayvillages.Inthelastfewyears,therehavebeengreatchangesincomputers.Theyaregettingandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster,Manyscientistsagreethatcomputerscannowdomanythings,buttheycannotdoeverythi

3、ng.Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrowwillbelike?Willcomputersbringgoodthingsorbadthingstopeople?Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowtousethecomputersoftomorrow.1.Thecomputerisa_machine.A.helpfulB.strangeC.largeD.dangerous2.Thefirstlarge,moderncomputerwasbuiltabout_yearsago.A.afewB.fortyC.sixtyD.e

4、ighty3.Thecomputersoftodayare_thanbefore.A.biggerB.fewerC.smallerD.taller4.Computerscando_.A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.lotsofthings5.Thescientistsoftoday_howtousethecomputersoftomorrow.A.maydecideB.mustdecideC.canmakeD.needntmakelarge,smaller(2)Warmwaterfreezesmorequicklythancoldwater.SirFranci

5、sBaconsaidthatalmostfourhundredyearsago.Butfewpeoplebelievedhimuntil1970.InthatyearaCanadianscientistGeorgeKillprovedtheEnglishprofessorwasright.DrKillfilledanopenoilpail(桶)withcoldwater.Hefilledanotherwithwarmwater.Heputbothinthesamelowtemperature.Thewarmwaterfrozefirst.Thelackofcoversonthepailsist

6、hesecret.Someofthewarmwaterchangedintovapor.Thismeantthatlessofthewarmwaterwaslefttobefrozen.Andsothewarmwaterfrozefasterthanthecoldwatereventhoughithadagreatertemperaturedroptomake.1.Hundredsofyearsago,SirFrancisBaconfound_.A.thetemperatureofwarmwaterdropsfasterthanthatofcoldwaterB.warmwaterisheavi

7、erthancoldwaterC.warmwaterhasthesametemperatureascoldwaterD.warmwaterisnotasusefulascoldwater2.WhatSirFrancisBaconsaidwasright,butpeopledidntbelievehimuntil_.A.lateinthe20thcenturyB.earlyinthe20thcenturyC.threeyearsagoD.lateinthe19thcenturyLeaveapailwithwarmwaterandanotherpailwithcoldwaterinthesamel

8、owtemperature,youllfindthat_.A.coldwaterfreezesfirstB.warmwaterturnsintoicebeforecoldwaterC.warmwaterandcoldwaterfreezeatthesametimeD.muchofcoldwaterischangedintoair.Whydoeswarmwaterfreezefirstinthesamefreezingweather?A.Becausesomeofthewarmwaterturnstovapor,theamount(数量)becomeslessthanthat合用文档ofcold

9、water.B.Becausewarmwaterislighterthancoldwater.C.Becausethetemperatureofwarmwaterislowerthanthatofcoldwater.D.Becausecoldwaterfreezeswithmoredifficultythanwarmwater.(3)Ifyoudonotuseyourarmoryourlegsforsometime,theybecomeweak;whenyoustartusingthemagain,theyslowlybecomestrongagain.Everybodyknowsthat.Y

10、etmanypeopledonotseemtoknowthatmemoryworksinthesameway.Whensomeonesaysthathehasagoodmemory,hereallymeansthathekeepshismemoryinpracticebyusingit.Whensomeoneelsesaysthathismemoryispoor,hereallymeansthathedoesnotgiveitenoughchancetobecomestrong.Ifafriendsaysthathisarmsandlegsareweak,weknowthatitishisow

11、nfault(过错).Butifhetellsusthathehasapoormemory,manyofusthinkthathisparentsaretoblame(受责备),andfewofusknowthatitisjusthisownfault.Haveyoueverfoundthatsomepeoplecantreadorwritebutusuallytheyhavebettermemories?Thisisbecausetheycannotreadorwriteandtheyhavetorememberthings;theycannotwritedowninalittlenoteb

12、ook.Theyhavetorememberdays,names,songsandstories;sotheirmemoryisthewholetimebeingexercised.Soifyouwanttohaveagoodmemory,learnfromthepeople:Practiceremembering.1.Themainreasonforoneispoormemoryisthat_.A.hisfatherormothermayhaveapoormemoryC.hismemoryisnotoftenusedB.Hedoesnotusehisnameorlegsforsometime

13、D.hecantreadorwriteIfyoudonotuseyourarmsorlegsforsometime_.A.youcantusethemanymoreB.theywillbecomestrongerC.theybecomeweakandwontbecomestronguntilyouusethemagain.D.theywillbecomeneitherstrongernorweakerWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Yourmemoryworksinthesamewayasyourarmsorlegs.B.Yourmemory,likeyourar

14、msorlegs,becomesweakifyoudontgiveitenoughchanceforpractice.C.Dontlearnhowtoreadandwriteifyouwanttohaveabettermemory.D.Agoodmemorycomesfrommorepractice.4.Somepeoplecantreadorwrite,buttheyusuallyhavebettermemories,because_.A.theyhavesavemuchtroubleB.theyhavesavedmuchtimetorememberthingsC.theyhavetouse

15、theirmemoriesallthetimeD.theycantwriteeverythinginalittlenotebook5.Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.DontStopUsingYourArmsOrLegsB.HowToHaveaGoodMemoryC.StrongArmsAndGoodMemoriesD.LearnFromthePeople(4)WhenJohnsoncalledagain,themanagerreceivedhimverypolitely.“Thatisamostremarkableoilyoubroughtus,MrJ

16、ohnson,”hesaid.Johnsonnoddedhissmooth,darkhead.Thatwassomethingheknewverywell.“Iveneverseenanythinglikeit,”themanageradmitted.Johnsonnoddedagain.“No?”hesaidpolitely.Thenheadded,“ButIthinkyouwill,sir.Averygreatdealofit.”Heappearedtothinkforamoment.“Ithinkyouwillfinditwillbeonsaleseven,perhaps,eightye

17、arsfromnow.”Hesmiled.“It合用文档that.”“SoIamtold,sir,”agreedJohnson.“Haveyouanyplanstoproduceityourself,MrJohnson?”“WouldIbeshowingittoyouifIhad?”Johnsonsmiledagain.“Wemightaddsomechemicalstooneofourownfishoils,”saidthemanager.“Itwouldbeexpensivetodothat,evenifyoucould,”Johnsonsaidgently.“Besides,”headd

18、ed,“Iamtoldthatthisoilwillbemuchcheaperthanyourbestfishoils.Cheaperthananyvegetableoil,infact.”“Perhaps,”saidthemanage.“Well,Isupposeyouwanttomakeanarrangement,MrJohnson.Shallwediscussit?”“Ofcourse,”saidJohnson.“Therearetwowaysofdealingwithasituationofthissort.Theusualoneistopreventitaltogetheroratl

19、easttodelayitaslongaspossible.Thatis,ofcourse,thebestway.”Themanagernodded.Heknewplentyaboutallthat.“ButIamsosorryforyou,because,yousee,thatisnotpossiblethistime.”Themanagerhadhisdoubts,butallhesaidwasaninquiring(asking),“Oh?”“Theotherway,”continuedJohnson,“istoproduceyourselfbeforethetroublestarts.

20、”1.Themanagerthoughtofaddingchemicalstothefishoiltomakeit_.A.cheaperthanthenewoilB.morequicklyC.moreexpensiveD.asgoodasthenewoil2.Johnsonsnewoilwouldbe_.A.moreexpensivethanfishoil,butbetterB.lessexpensive,andbetterC.lessexpensive,butnotgoodD.moreexpensive,andnotsogood3.Johnsonexpressedhisregretthatt

21、hemanager_.A.couldnotstopthenewoilbeingmadeB.wouldneverknowhowtomakeitC.hadspentalotofmoneyonitD.didntknowenoughaboutit4.Johnsonshowedhisnewoiltothemanagerbecausehewanted_.A.toproduceithimselfB.topreventitbeingproducedC.tobepaidnottoproduceitD.themanagertoproduceit(5)Canyourememberthefirsttimeyoulea

22、rnedtorideabikeordriveacar?Learningtheseskillschangedyourlifeforeverandopenedupnewhorizons.Learningaboutcomputerscanbelikelearninghowtorideabikeordriveacar.Onceyouhaveinvestedthetimetomastertheskills,youwillnevergobacktotheolddays.Thenewtechnologyissimplytooconvenientandtoopowerful.Technologicaldeve

23、lopmentsthroughtheyearshaveenabledustodomorewithlesseffort.Wehavecontinuouslylookedforbetterwaysofdoingthings.Eachinventionandnewdevelopmenthasallowedustoextendourcapabilities.Todayweseeoneofthemostdramatictechnologieseverdevelopedthecomputer.Itextendsthecapabilitiesofourminds.Computershavesavedorga

24、nizationsmillionsofdollars.Furthermore,thesesamecomputersystemshaveopenedupnewopportunitiesthatwouldhavegoneundiscoveredorneglected.Thecomputermaymultiplywhatwecando,andthereturnoninvestmentishigh.Thegrowthofcomputerusageissurprising.Ontheotherhand,thecomputercandoseriousdamage.Invasionofprivacy(入侵隐

25、私),fraud(欺诈),andcomputer-relatedmistakesarejustafewshockingexamples.Thecomputerislikeadouble-edgedsword.Ithastheabilitytocutusfreefromsome合用文档Howitisusedisnotafunctionoftechnology.Itisstrictlyafunctionofhowpeopledecidetouseormisusethisnewtechnology.Thechoiceisyours,andonlythroughaknowledgeofcomputer

26、systemswillyoubeabletoavoidthedangerswhileenjoyingthemany,manybenefitsofthecomputerage.Thewriterthinkslearningaboutcomputersislikelearninghowtorideabikeordriveacarbecause_.A.itissimpleandpracticalB.itneedsalotofpracticeC.itleadspeopletonewlifeexperiencesD.ittakesmuchtimetomastertheskills2.Accordingt

27、othepassage,computersbringpeoplethefollowingbenefitsexcept_.A.avoidingmistakesB.savingmoneyC.makingmoneyD.openingupopportunitiesAccordingtothewriter,thebadeffectsofcomputerscanbeavoidedifwe_.A.havesoundknowledgeofcomputersystemsB.tellpeoplenottomisusecomputersC.havestrictrulesovertheuseofcomputersD.

28、makemoreinvestmentsinthetechnology4.Thispassageisprobablywrittenfor_.A.computersB.computerproducersC.computerlearnersD.computerprogrammers(6)PerhapsyouhaveheardalotabouttheInternet,butwhatisit,doyouknow?TheInternetisanetwork.Itusesthetelephonetojoinmillionsofcomputerstogetheraroundtheworld.Maybethat

29、doesntsoundveryinteresting.ButwhenyouvejoinedtotheInternet,therearelotsandlotsofthingsyoucando.YoucansendE-mailstoyourfriends,andtheycangettheminafewseconds.YoucanalsodowithallkindsofinformationontheWorldWideWeb(WWW).Therearemanydifferentkindsofcomputersnow.TheyallcanbejoinedtotheInternet.Mostofthem

30、aresmallmachinessittingonpeoplesdesksathome,buttherearestillmanyothersinschools,officesorlargecompanies.Thesecomputersareownedbypeopleandcompanies,butnoonereallyownstheInternetitself.TherearelotsofplacesforyoutogointotheInternet.Forexample,yourschoolmayhavetheInternet.Youcanuseitduringlessonsorfreet

31、ime.LibrariesoftenhavecomputersjoinedtotheInternet.Youarewelcometouseitatonlytime.ThankstotheInternet,theworldisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.Itispossibleforyoutoworkathomewithacomputerinfront,gettingandsendingtheinformationyouneed.YoucanbuyorsellwhateveryouwantbytheInternet.Butdoyouknow98%oftheinformat

32、ionontheInternetisinEnglish?SowhatwillEnglishbeliketomorrow?1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Internet.B.Information.C.Computers.D.E-mails.2.Whichisthequickestandcheapestwaytosendmessagestoyourfriends?A.Bypost.B.ByE-mail.C.Bytelephone.D.Bysatellite.3.Whichmaybethemostpossibleplaceforpeopletoworkintomo

33、rrow?A.Intheoffice.B.Atschool.C.Athome.D.Inthecompany.4.WhosetheowneroftheInternet?A.Theheadmaster.B.Theofficer.C.Theuser.D.Noone.5.Whatdoesthewritertrytotelluswiththelasttwosentences?合用文档A.EnglishisimportantinusingtheInternet.B.theInternetismoreandmorepopular.C.MostoftheinformationisinEnglish.D.Eve

34、rycomputermusthavetheInternet.(7)Inmosttownstoday,youcanseeteenagersstandingoverelectronicmachineswithflashinglights,shootingatspaceshipsfromotherplanetsanddroppingbombsonstrangemonsters(恶魔).ThemachineshavenameslikeSpaceWarrior,DarkInvaderandsoon.Itusedtobebelievedthatdamagewasdoneonlytothosestrange

35、visitorsfromouterspace,butnowitseemsthattheyarestrikingback.Manyteenagerslikeelectronicgamessomuchthattheycantstopplaying.Theyspendhourstightlyholdingthejoystickcontrolsandconstantlypressingbuttonsmarked“fire”.Theydeveloppainsontheirfingersbecauseoftheconstantpressure.Theyplayandplaythatthepainshave

36、nochancetocureproperly.Therapidwristmovementrequiredtoguidethespaceshipacrossthescreencausesanotherproblem:Themusclesofthewristandarmbecomesoinflamedandswollen(充血红肿)thattheypressagainstthebones.Thisconditioniswhatdoctorsnowcall“SpaceWarriorsWrist”.Otherstrangeachesandpainsalsoarelikelytoaffecttheelb

37、owsandshoulders.Anotherevenmorealarmingproblemisshownbythecaseofa17-year-oldgirlwhichwasrecentlyreportedintheBritishMedicalJournal.Shehadbeenplayingvariouskindsofelectronicgamesformorethantwohoursaday.Herfatherrepairedgamesandmachinesandshecouldusethecassettesandsystemsinhisworkshopasoftenassheliked

38、.Oneday,afterplayingagamecalledDarkInvader,shelostconsciousness(晕倒)andfelltothefloor.Doctorswhoexaminedherfoundshewassufferingfromanunusualillnesscausedbylightsflashingataparticularfrequency.1.Electronicgamesarefoundverypopularwith_.A.peoplelivingintownsB.studentsstudyinginhighschoolsC.girlsworkingi

39、ntheirfathersworkshopsD.youngpeople2.“SpaceWarriorsWrist”iscausedby_.A.constantlypressingthebuttonsB.rapidlymovingacrossthescreenC.tightlyholdingthejoystickcontrolsD.inflamedandswollenmusclesofthewristThecaseofa17-year-oldgirlgivenbythewritershowsthatthewriter_.A.supportsplayingelectronicgamesB.feel

40、sverysorryforthegirlC.disagreedwithyoungpeoplesplayingelectronicgamesD.feelsworriedaboutyoungpeoplespoorhealth4.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatplayingelectronicgamesis_.A.enjoyableandhelpfultothestudyB.excitingbutharmfultothehealthandstudy(8)ExperimentsaboardthespaceshipColumbiahavedisprovedatheoryo

41、nthehumannervoussystemwhichwonanAustrianprofessoraNobelprize79yearsago.WestGermanastronautUlfMerbolddisprovedthetheoryduringtestsaboardthespaceshipyesterday.Hisdiscoveryisconnectedwiththeworkingsoftheinnerear,thebodysbalancemechanism(体系).生理学)andMedicine合用文档whenheannouncedthattemperaturedifferencesaf

42、fectedtheinnerearandcausedtheeyestoblink(眨眼).Histheorywasacceptedbyscientists.ButMerboldcarriedoutteststofindifthetheorywascorrectandshockedhimselfandspaceofficialswhenheproveditwrong.AccordingtoBaranystheorytheeyeswouldblinkwhencoldairwasblownintooneearandhotairblownintotheother.Butifthistheorywasc

43、orrectsuchamovementwouldbeimpossibleinzerogravity.BothMerboldseyescontinuallyblinkedwhenthetestwascarriedout.1.Testswerecarriedoutinouterspaceinorderto_.A.findwhatcausestheeyestoblinkB.shocktheworldC.provethetheoryD.disprovethetheory2.Baranystheorydeclaredtoprove_.A.howourhearingmechanismworksB.whyw

44、econstantlymoveoureyesC.thateyemovementisaffectedbytemperatureD.howhearingreacts(反应)3.Baranystheorywasprovedincorrectinspacebytheeffectsof_.A.havingnoweightB.havingnoairC.thepullofgravityD.hotandcoldairstreams(9)Scientistsaredevelopinganewkindofmachinetotaketheplaceofhumans.Thesemachinescandojobsinp

45、lacesthataretoodangerousforhumans.Forexample,theyarebeingdevelopedtoworkinnuclearpowercenter,deepundertheoceansandinouterspace.JohnMarrit,apsychologist(心理学家)inWilliamsburgMassachusetts,helpeddevelopthenewmachine.Thisishowtheywork.Amachineisplacedinanareafarawayfromthepersonwhooperatesit.Thepersonwea

46、rsspecialhardhatwithtelevisionscreensandsoundequipment.Thescreensandsoundequipmentletthepersonseeandhearexactlywhatthemachineisseeingandhearing.Mr.Marritsaysthisgivesthepersonthefeelingofbeinginthesameplaceasthemachine.Theidea,hesays,isbeingtherewithoutgoingthere.Thepersonusesanelectroniccontroltoma

47、kethemachinemove.Themachinecopiesthepersonsmovementsexactly.Ifthepersonraiseshisrightarm,themachineraisestherightarm,too.Thismeansanexpertcandoadangerousjobwhilestayinginthesafeplace.Forexample,apersoncandirectthemachinetodestroyabombwithoutgoingnearthebombhimself.1.Thenewkindofmachinebeingintroduce

48、dinthepassageis_.A.inexistenceB.onlyanideaC.beingtriedoutD.beingresearchedanddeveloped2.Themachine_.A.followsthepersonsorderB.iscontrolledbyacomputerC.doesexactlywhatthepersondoesD.iscontrolledbyatelevisiononthepersonsheadThedifferencebetweensuchanewmachineandarobotisthat_.A.thenewmachineismorediffi

49、culttomakethanarobotthenewmachineismoredifficulttobecontrolledarobotiscontrolledbymanindirectlyD.arobotcantbeusedinplacestoodangerousorfaraway(10)HoneybeesHoneybeescandothreekindsofjobs.合用文档Thehoneybeeisoneofthemostunusualinsectsintheworld.Beesarespecialbecausetheydivideuptheirwork.Eachbeehasacertai

50、njobtodo.Thebusiestbeeistheworker.Workersbuildthenest,calledahive.Insidethehive,workersmakeahoneycombfromwax(蜂蜡).Theystorehoneythereforfood.Workersarealwayscleaningandfixingthehive.Theyevenstandattheopeningandfantheirwingstocoolthehive.Workerbeeswillattackanythingevenpeopletokeeptheirhivesafe.Anothe

51、rkindofbeeisthedrone(雄蜂).Dronesaremalebees,andtheirjobistoflywiththequeenbeeandmatewithher.Afterthequeenmates,theworkerbeesdrivethedronesaway.Thedronesthenstarvetodeath.Thethirdkindofbeeisthequeen.Eachhiveneedsonlyonequeen,andherjobislayingeggs.Shecanlayasmanyas2,000eggsaday.1.Thebeesnestiscalleda_.

52、A.droneB.honeycombC.hiveD.wax2.Waxisusedtomakethe_.A.nestB.honeycombC.fanD.hive3.Whichjobsdoworkersdo?A.Theylay2,000eggseachdayandbuildanest.Accordingtothestory,bees_.A.areverydangerousinsectsB.willattackanythingoranyonetoprotectthehive,ifnecessaryC.arelikeanyotherinsectthatfliesD.eateachotherasfood

53、Thedroneisdrivenawaywhenitsjobisfinished,because_.A.itattackedtheworkersB.itisnolongerneededinthehiveC.thequeenbeehasdiedD.itatethequeenbee(11)Americandoctorssaythatmotherswhosmokecigarettesbeforetheirbabiesarebornmayslowthegrowthoftheirbabieslungs.Theysayreducedlunggrowthcouldcausethebabiestosuffer

54、breathingproblemsandlungdiseaselaterinlife.DoctorsinBoston,Massachusettsstudied1100children.Themothersofsomeofthechildrensmoked,theothermothersdidnot.Doctorsfoundthatthelungsofthechildrenwhosemotherssmokedwere8%lessdevelopedthanthelungsofthechildrenwhosemothersdidnotsmoke,andthatthechildrenwhosemoth

55、erssmokeddeveloped20%morecoldandbreathingdiseasesthanotherchildrenlaterinlife.Anotherrecentstudyfoundthatchildrenhadagreaterchanceofdevelopinglungcanceriftheirmotherssmoked.Thestudyalsoshowedthatthedangeroflungcancerincreasedonlyforsonsandnotfordaughters,andthatthefatherssmokingdidnotaffectachildsch

56、anceofdevelopinglungcancer.1.Motherwhosmokesbeforeherchildisbornmay_.A.slowthegrowthofherbabyslungB.causeherbabytosufferbreathingproblemsandlungdiseaselaterinlifeC.makeherchilddeveloplungcancerD.Allofaboveareright2.DoctorsinBostonstudied1100childrento_.合用文档A.examinewhetherthesechildrenwerehealthyB.f

57、indoutwhethertheirmothershadsmokedC.findwhythesechildrensufferedbreathingproblemsandlungdiseaseD.lookintotheeffectthatmotherssmokinghadontheirchildren3.SupposeJohnsfatherwasaheavysmoker,sowasMarysmother.Accordingthispassage,_.A.JohnismorelikelytodeveloplungcancerB.Maryismorelikelytodeveloplungcancer

58、C.JohnandMaryhavethesamechancetodevelopcancerD.neitherJohnnorMaryhasthechancetodevelopcancer4.Thispassageisto_.A.warnusofthedangerofsmokingbeforechildrenB.warnpeoplewithbreathingproblemsnottosmokeC.warnusthatmotherswhosmokemayaffecttheirchildrenshealthD.warnusthatfatherswhosmokemayaffecttheirchildre

59、nasmothers(12)Youcannotseeanyobjectunlesslightfromthatobjectgetsintoyoureyes.Someofthethingsyouseegiveofflightoftheirown.Thesun,thestars,alightedlampareexamplesthatcanbeseenbytheirownlight.Suchthingsareluminous.Mostofthethingsyouseearenotgivingofflightoftheirown.Theyaresimplyreflectinglightthatfalls

60、onthemfromthesunorsomeotherluminousbodies.Themoon,forexample,doesnotgiveoffanylightofitsown.Itisnon-luminous.Youseeitbecausesunlightfallsonitandsomeofitreflectsinourdirection.Somoonlightisonlysecondhandsunlight.Whenyoulookatabook,itsendstoyoureyessomeofthelightwhichfallsonit,andyouseethebook.Iflight