英语四级培训资料代词应用市公开课获奖课件

1、Chapter Seven PronounsWang Mengjing, SFS, CUMT.4.26第1页第1页I代词语法意义代词是代替名词和相称于名词词II代词分类，词法特性及使用办法代词可分为九类：人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词self pronoun批示代词demonstrative pronoun互相代词reciprocal pronoun: each other; one another;第2页第2页疑问代词interrogative pronoun Eg. who, whom, whose, which , what关

2、系代词relative pronounEg. who, whom , whose, which, that, as连接代词conjunctive pronoun Eg. who, whom , whose, which, that, as不定代词indefinite pronounEg. some; any; all; somebody; nothing; 第3页第3页（一）人称代词1人称代词语法意义用来代替人或事物名称词叫做人称代词2人称代词词法特性人称代词有些人称、数和格改变，单数第三人称尚有性区别。第4页第4页（1）人称代词形式I /me; you/you; he/him; she/he

3、r; it/it; we/us; you/you; they/them;（2）人称代词在句中作用主语I am a cock.You are a teacher.She is a nurse.They are college students.第5页第5页宾语a直接宾语We all like him very much.My father taught me to grow cotton.b间接宾语The sun gives us light and heat.He gave me an injection of penicillin.c介词宾 语The students are listeni

4、ng to her attentively.The League Secretary had a talk with me last night.表语-Who is it? -It is me.第6页第6页注：人称代词we, you, they有时可用来泛指普通人We eat to live, not live to eat.You should keep calm even when you are in danger.They say theres going to be another good harvest this year.They dont allow us to smoke

5、here.第7页第7页she能够用来代替国家、都市、船舶、飞机、地球、月亮等，以表示亲切。China is a socialist country. She is one of the biggest countries in the world.The aircraft moved slowly forwardShe became airborne and she rose clean as a swallow.第8页第8页在动词be后作表语人称代词，在正式文体中普通用主格，但在口语和非正式文体中，多用宾格。假如跟有who或that引导从句则应用主格，但在非正式英语中也可用宾格。It is

6、I.It is me.It is they.Its them.Was that she?Was that her?It is I who did it.It is me who did it.第9页第9页在并列主语中，I总放在最后，以示尊重别人。My mother and I drove in the campus.诗歌中有一些古体人称代词thou你（主格）; thee你（宾格）；ye你们（复数）；第10页第10页3 it主要使用办法（1）用作人称代词指人以外一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。 I threw the ball to him and he caught it. Fish inhab

7、its under water. It swims with its tail.指婴幼儿及未知人 The baby cried because it was hungry. The child smiled when it saw his mother.指前面已提到或将会发生事情 You promised to write to me as soon as you arrived there, but you didnt do it. I knew nothing about it until my cousin told me.第11页第11页(2)代替批示代词this/that指做某个动作

8、人 -Who is knocking at the door? -Its me.指引起某种情况事物We must fulfill our production plan. Its our task.Its the wind shaking the window.第12页第12页(3)用作非人称代词指自然现象（如天气、气候、明暗等） -Whats the weather like today? -Its fine. /Its very cold today. Its getting dark. It often rains in summer and it often snows in wint

9、er in this city.指时间、季节 What time is it now? Its half past six. What day is it today? Its Sunday. Whats the date today? Its Oct.1st. What season is it? Its winter.第13页第13页指环境情况 It was very quiet at the moment. It will be lovely in the park today. It was rather stuffy in the classroom at the moment. 指

10、距离 It is fifteen miles to London. It is ten minutes drive to that college. Is it far to the station? No, its quite near.第14页第14页指量度 How much is it? Its 40 yuan. It was then at minus ten degrees centigrade. It is twenty square meters in area. It is ten kilograms in weight. It is fifteen Australian do

11、llars in price.第15页第15页(4)用作强调代词It is /was + 被强调部分+ that/who +句子其余部分可强调主语、宾语或状语强调人时用who/whom,也可用that,其它情况均用that(间或用which)Tom first met them five years ago.It was Tom who first met them five years ago.It was them whom Tom first met five years ago.It was five years ago that Tom first met them.第16页第16页

12、（5）用作先行词 用作形式主语：当主语为不定式、动名词短语或从句 时，把主语放在谓语动词之后，it置于句首做形式主语。 Its very important for us to study English. Its no use crying over the spilt milk. Its dangerous playing with fire. Its a pity that you didnt go to see the film. Its said that he has become a Party member.第17页第17页用作形式宾语当复合宾语（宾语+宾补）中宾语是动词不定式

13、、动名词或宾语从句时， 把宾语放在它补足语后面，把it放在谓语和宾语之间做形式宾语。We consider it necessary to combine theory with practice.She found it very difficult to answer the question.Do you think it any good sending more people over?I think it no use telling them.They found it strange that no one would take the money.He thinks it a

14、 pity that she didnt pass the exam.第18页第18页(二)物主代词1 语法意义：表示所属关系2 词法特性：有些人称和数改变，单数第三人称尚有性区别。3 形式: my/mine; your/yours; his/his; her/hers; its/its; our/ours; your/yours; their/theirs;第19页第19页4 在句中作用（1）形容词性物主代词定语I love my work.He usually washes his hands before dinner.（2）名词性物主代词主语、宾语和表语My pen is n the

15、desk; yours is in your pocket.Our books are here; theirs are in the bookcase.You may have my pen; Ill have hers.（动词宾语）Today we went in our car; tomorrow we are going in theirs.（介宾）The book is mine. He knew that the house was hers.第20页第20页注：1 “of+名词性物主代词”（即双重所属格）可作定语This child of hers is so lovely.He

16、 is a friend of mine.2 yours用在书信末尾yours sincerely (Bri. E.); sincerely yours (Am. E.); love yours3 诗歌中古体物主代词 thy=your; thine=yours第21页第21页（三）反身代词1 语法意义：表示主语动作对象或表现特性是自己本身。2 词法特性：有些人称和数改变，单数第三人称尚有性区别。3 形式:myself; yourself; himself; herself; itself;ourselves; yourselves; themselves;第22页第22页4 在句中作用（1）宾

17、语He shaves himself every morning.(直接宾语)She saw herself in the looking-glass. (直接宾语)They are teaching themselves English.（间接宾语）He cooked himself a good meal. （间接宾语）She thinks only about herself, never of other people.（介词宾语）She loves me for myself, not for my money.（介词宾语）第23页第23页（2）表语Ah, thats better.

18、 You are yourself again.Thats myself.She is not herself today.（3）同位语（表示强调）Shed better ask the teacher himself.I fixed the window myself.You yourself said so. /You said so yourself.注：oneself也是一个反身代词，使用办法同上。第24页第24页（四）批示代词1 语法意义：批示前面名词并代替它2 词法特性：除such, same, so外，有数改变。3 形式:单数: this; that; such; same; s

19、o;复数: these; those;第25页第25页4 在句中作用（1）主语This is where I live.Those who wish to go sightseeing may go now.Such is life.The same is the case with her.第26页第26页（2）宾语Have you read this? （动词宾语）How do you like these? （动词宾语）We will not tolerate another such. （动词宾语）We must say all the same. （动词宾语）I will write

20、 today. Do so. （动词宾语）Do it like this.(介词宾语)John is the captain of the team, and as such, must decide who is to bat first.（介词宾语）第27页第27页（3）表语What I want is this.Oh, its not that.Our views are the same.Be it so.（4）定语I want this car, not that car.I like those flowers.I have never seen such a moving fil

21、m.He said the same thing all over again.第28页第28页注：前面刚提过，英语用that/thoseMy car broke down on the way. Thats why I was late.下面要谈到用thisI will tell you this: why is he absent?第29页第29页（五）互相代词1 语法意义：表示互相关系2 词法特性：有格和数改变3 形式:单数: each other; each others（所有格）复数: one another; one anothers（所有格）each other指两个人或物；on

22、e another指两个以上人或物；当代英语中两者区别已不明显了。第30页第30页4 在句中作用（1）宾语For years the two brothers looked after each other. （动词宾语）We care for and help one another.（动词宾语）They speak English to each other.（介词宾语）We often compare notes with one another on our work and study.（介宾）（2）定语They have great concern for each others

23、work.Students correct one anothers mistakes in their homework.第31页第31页（六）疑问代词1 语法意义：表示疑问2 词法特性：用来构成特殊疑问句，总是放在动词前，可起名词或形容词作用。3 形式：who；what；which；whom；whose；第32页第32页4 在句中作用（1）who, whose, what, which作主语Who broke that window?Whose is the best?What makes you think that?Which of you will go with me?（2）who

24、, whose, what作表语Who is that man?Whose are these gloves and whose is this umbrella?第33页第33页(3)whom, which, what作动词宾语和介词宾语Whom do you like best?Which will you have, tea or coffee?What would you like to study in next years literature course? （以上作动词宾语）Whom are you looking for?Whom did you give the lette

25、r to?Which of the chairs did you sit on?What was he speaking to you about?第34页第34页（4）whose, which, what作定语Whose house did you like?Which boys have answered correctly all the questions?What class are you in?第35页第35页注：whom多用于书面语，口语中可用who代替，但介词后必须用whomWho /Whom did you borrow the book from?To whom did

26、you send the parcel?疑问代词作主语，谓语动词取决于它所代表人或物数，若单、复数不清楚，多用单数。-Who lives in this room?-Tom and I live in this room.第36页第36页what指物，有时也指人，用来问询别人身份、职业。What is hea writer or a poet?what, who, which 后面加上ever，可加强语调，表示惊奇、愤怒、愤慨等感情。Whoever heard of such a silly idea?Whatever were you thinking of to suggest such

27、a plan?第37页第37页（七）关系代词1 语法意义：引导定语从句2 词法特性：所有格区别起三个作用连接作用替换作用充当句子成份3 形式：who；which；that；as；whom; whose；whose；第38页第38页4 在句中作用：主语、宾语（动宾和介宾）、定语This is the man who wanted to see you.The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher.Who is the man to whom you were talking when I saw you yesterday?I

28、hope to get such a tool as he repaired this instrument with.You are the only one whose advice he might listen to.第39页第39页（八）连接代词1 语法意义：引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和让步状语从句2 词法特性：连接主句和从句并在从句中充当句子成份；有格分别 3 形式who；whoever；what；whatever；which；whichever；whom；whomever；whose；whosever；第40页第40页4 在句中作用：主语、宾语(动宾和介宾)、表语、定语(1

29、)主语从句Which of these two plans is better remains to be seen?What the Party says is always true.What they are after is profit.What market economy is is what Im to explain.Whose fault it is remains a mystery.Whichever book you choose is yours.Whoever has eyes can see what great achievements we have mad

30、e since the reform and opening up.第41页第41页（2）让步状语从句Whoever comes, he will be welcome.Whatever happens, we shall not lose hope.（3）宾语从句Were ready to do whatever the Party wants us to do.Take whichever dictionary you need.Whoever has eyes can see what great achievements we have made since the reform an

31、d opening up.第42页第42页（4）表语从句The question is what we should do.The question is which we should choose.The question is whom you can turn to for help.第43页第43页（九）不定代词1 语法意义：用来泛指或代替名词、形容词2 词法特性含有名词和形容词性质 (others/other)有可数和不可数区别 (every/some)有单、复数区别 (other/others)some与any复合形式有指人和指物区别(somebody/something)第44

32、页第44页3 形式some, any, no, all, both, neither, none, either, each, every, other, others, another, much, many, a few, few, little, a little, one;somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody;someone, anyone, no one, everyone;something, anything, nothing, everything第45页第45页4 不定代词在句中作用(1)some主语、宾语、定语、状语Some are te

33、achers; others are students.You may have some.Some people are early risers.It happened some 20 years ago.(2)any主语、宾语、定语、状语Is there any left?I cant find any.Havent you any work to do?Is he any better today?第46页第46页(3) no定语There is no smoke without fire.(4) all主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语All goes well.I saw all ex

34、cept one.This is all there is.All hope is gone.I know them all.(5) both主语、宾语、定语、同位语Both are teachers.You can take both of them.There are houses on both sides of the street.They both ran away. /I saw them both.第47页第47页(6) none主语、宾语、同位语None of his pupils failed their examination.I like none of these f

35、ilms.They none of them had supper.(7) either主语、宾语、定语、状语Either of you may go.We dont want either of the books.There are hills on either side of the river.I dont want the red one, either.第48页第48页(8) neither主语、宾语、定语Neither is correct.I like neither.Neither book is satisfactory.(9) each主语、宾语、同位语Each mus

36、t do his best.The department gave each of the students two dictionaries.Each one of us has his duty.They each put forward a proposal. 第49页第49页(10) every定语Every man has his weakness.(11) other主语、宾语、定语One is a teacher; the other is a doctor.I will carry one bag; you may take the other.Have you any oth

37、er questions?(12) another宾语、定语Please show me another.Have another cup of tea, please.第50页第50页(13) much-主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语Much has been done.It is too much.He doesnt read much.Much snow has fallen.She doesnt swim much.(14) many主语、表语、宾语、定语Many of them have left for the countryside.They are too many to enu

38、merate.How many do you want?Many people think so. 第51页第51页(15) a few-主语、宾语、定语A few of them are from the northeast.He has taken a few with him.I have a few friends except you.(16) few主语、宾语、定语Few know and few care.There are many new students. I just know few of them.Few people think smoking is good fo

39、r health.第52页第52页(17) a little主语、宾语、定语、状语A little is known about him.I know a little about English grammar.Dont worry. You still have a little time.He is a little better.(18) little主语、宾语、定语、状语Little remains to be done about it.He says little but does much.There is little hope.Its little better than nothing.第53页第53页(19) one主语、宾语、定语、表语One should be careful when crossing the street.I want large ones, not small ones.To read a foreign language is one thing; to speak it is another.One must love ones country.This is the last one.注：one