翻译的基本技巧课件

1、翻译的基本技巧 1、省略法 由于英汉两种语言在语法结构、表达方式、修辞手段等方面的不同，在翻译过程中为了使译文更加精练，更符合汉语的表达习惯，有时需要省略部分词语。We are pleased to have received your invitation to the symposium on Internet.1 非常高兴收到你寄来的参加互联网会议的邀请。（省去代“我们”）They have compiled a great mass of statistical data on which they can draw to answer all sorts of inquiries.

2、他们编辑了可供取用的大量统计资料以回答各种咨询。（省略了代词“他们”）Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled.2 也许您忘记了七月份的购货账还没有结算。（名词 fact 不译出）The Pacific alone covers an area larger than that of all continents put together. 仅太平洋的面积就比所有的大陆面积的总和还要大。（covers不译出） He behaved poli

3、tely while answering the interviewers questions.3 他在回答采访者问题时，很有礼貌。（behaved一词不译出）2、增词法 增词法是指英译汉时按意义、修辞和句法上的需要在译文中加入一些原文虽无其而有其意的词，使译文更加通顺地表达出原文的思想内容以及符合汉语的表达习惯。This year the export quantity of black tea increased by 20 percent, and jasmine tea by 30 percent.4 今年红茶的出口量增加了30%， 花茶的出口量增加了 30%。 （增加原句中的省略词）

4、All preparation must be done well before you sign a contract. 在签合同之前，一切准备工作都必须做好。（增加名词）Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers.5 这种病毒可存活数星期至数月。（增加表示复数概念的词）3、转译法 在英译汉中，有些句子由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能采用逐字逐句对译的方法，要对原文中的某些词语进行词性转换，才能使译文通顺。During the half-hour talk, the two sid

5、es exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they7 made no mention of the mode transportation. 在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没提到运输方式。（名动）We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation. 我们充分意识到形势的严重性。（形动）Are you for or against the plan?8The computers are chiefly characterized by accuracy an

6、d quick computation. 计算机的主要特点是准确性高，运算速度快。（副形）4、重复法 重复是英、汉两种语言中不可缺少的表达手法。有时为了加强语气，有时为使句子平衡对称或为求得其他修辞效果，往往要在一个句子或相连10 的句群中重复使用同一个词语或同一个结构。请见下面的例句：Chinese people are working hard to build China into a great and powerful country with modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense, modern s

7、cience and technology.中国人民正努力工作，以把中国建设成11 一个具有现代农业、现代工业、现代国防和现代科学技术的强大国家。During his stay in Shanghai, he visited some old friends of his, and visited two universities. 他在上海逗留期间，拜访了几个老朋友，参观了两所大学。 重复翻译法可有以下几个方式：（1）名词重复12（2）动词重复This requires care and, for difficult problems, great experience. 这就需要细心，而且

8、对一些困难问题来说，还需要丰富的经验。They were starting from scratch and needed men, equipment, training. 他们白手起家，需要人员，需要设备，需要训练。14Let I be the current, V the voltage and R the resistance. 用I表示电流，V表示电压，R表示电阻（3）代词重复Ignoring a problem does not solve it. 对于一个问题置之不理，并不能解决问题。Big powers have their strategies while small cou

9、ntries also have their own lines.15 困难。在二者不可兼得时，有时需要改变原文结构，保留原文意思。为达到这一目的，常用的方法之一是分译法，即把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离开来，译成另一种成分。例如：We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief. 我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。17 处理分译的原则一般是，把原文中较长的句子成分，或者不易安排的句子成分分出来另作处理，一般译成短句或独立结构。（1）单词的分译 即把原文中的一个单词译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。例如下面各句

10、中的划线词就被译为独立成分、从句或并列分句。18He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this book, which the students are quite familiar with. 他花了很多时间介绍本书，其实没有必要，因为学生对它已经熟悉。The proposal was surprisingly criticized by all walks of people. 这条建议受到了各阶层人民的批评，真令人吃惊。19（2）短语的分译 即把原文中的一个短语译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。例如下面各句中的划线部分就被译为独

11、立成分、从句或并列分句。The professor entered the laboratory followed by his graduates students. 教授走进实验室，后面跟着他的研究生。（3）英语从句的分译20 英汉两种语言都有长句，但其构成长句的方式却大不相同。英语的长句主要由主从复合句构成，结构严紧、明确，只要理解了其主从关系，就能正确的分译。He told me of his experiences such as I had never heard before. 他给我讲了他的经历，那些经历我以前从未听说过。 此句若译为“他给我讲了我以前从未21 听说过的他的经历

12、”，则显得很别扭，若去掉译文中的“他的”二字，即“他给我讲了我以前从未听说过的经历”，则意思含糊。The university has enrolled 40 students from the poverty-areas whom they hope will make contributions for their hometown. 大学从贫困地区招了四十名学生，希望他们将来为家乡作贡献。（译为并列分句）22Im sorry that youre ill again. 你又病了，我很难过。（宾语从句）Our final decision is that Mr. Wang go to th

13、e headquarters to give a detailed report. 我们最后做出决定，派王先生到总部去作详细的汇报。（表语从句）You can borrow my car as long as you promise to drive carefully.24 你可以借用我的车，不过你得答应我开车时小心点儿。（状语从句）We will adopt his suggestion that the leading body be reorganized as soon as possible. 我们将采纳他的建议，尽快改组领导班子。（同位语从句）25 4) A TV set dif

14、fers from a radio in that it receives pictures. 5) The product from a dryer is often ready for final packing. 6) This program is not popular with all of the students.27 1) 字母 I 通常用来表示电流。(介动) 2) 我们的首次合作是成功的。(名形) 3) 目录、样品和价格已在上表中列出。 (副形) 4) 电视机与收音机的区别在于电视机能接收图像。(动名) 5) 从干燥器出来的产品一般可用来直接进行最行最后包装。(形动) (介

15、动) 6) 并非所有的学生都喜欢这个节目。 (形动)28 练习2用增词法将下列各句译成汉语，注意各句中划线的处理： 1) The first motor-cars in this country went into operation in 1905. 2) There are three chief effects of electric currents: the magnetic, heating and chemical. 3) His failure to observe the safety regulations results in an accident to the machinery.29 4) For many years, there has been serious unemployment in this city. 5) The force of expansion makes it necessary