基于PLC的风力发电机偏航控制系统设计

1、前言 参考文献1 冯江哲. HYPERLINK /Thesis_Y1455953.aspx t _blank 兆瓦级风力发电机组控制技术的研究J.华北电力大学(保定)：机械电子工程,20082 钱江海，谢源，焦斌. HYPERLINK /Periodical_shdjxyxb201105005.aspx t _blank 基于PLC的风力发电机组变桨系统J. 上海电机学院学报,2011.053 张雷，鄂春良，李海东. HYPERLINK /Periodical_dgjszz200709031.aspx t _blank PLC在大型风力机变桨距系统中的应用J. 电气应用,2007.09 4 李

2、东东，陈陈. HYPERLINK /Periodical_zgdjgcxb200503022.aspx t _blank 风力发电机组动态模型研究J. 中国电机工程学报,2005.035 裴兴林，程明杰，薛仰全. 妍张俊;PLC 调速系统对风电机组的偏航控制J.装备制造技术，2011.086 吴光宇.基于Visual B软件开发风电机组监控系统人机界面J. 电气技术,2011.027 武鑫，赵斌，鄂春良.许洪华S7-200PLC在大型风力发电机控制系统中的应用J.电气自动化，2003.018 任致程. 电动机变频器实用手册M. 北京：中国电力出版社, 20049 周洁.王立新.应用PLC设计自

3、动控制系统的几种方法J.农业技术.2005（06），206-209.10 宫靖远.风电场工程技术手册M. 北京：机械工业出版社，2005：127-191.11 刘定邦.大型风力发电机组的模糊控制研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文D.2007：13-2512 杨金明，吴捷，董萍，杨俊华，杨苹基于无源性理论的风力机最大风能捕获控制J太阳能学报.2003：第5期13 张新房，徐大平等大型变速风力发电机组的自适应模糊控制J系统仿真学报.20 04，第3期14 西门子（中国）有限公司.S7-200可编程控制器系统手册M.2007.915 Le Crouches DWind Power plantsJPentam

4、eter press，2005，163-179.16 耿良田.PLC的现状及发展趋势J.数字化工，2005（08），20-22.17 陈忠华.可编程控制器新谈 第一讲 PLC的发明和发展过程J.自动化博览，2005（01），94-95.18 胡涛，苏建良，石剑峰.PLC技术与应用及其发展分析J.机床与液压，2005（12），135-137.附录 PAGE 16附录 偏航系统主电路图自动偏航系统梯形图外文资料译文Wind Power Generation TechnologyWind is very important and reserves of energy, it is safe, cl

5、ean, and can provide abundant energy, stability of the stream. Now, use wind power has become the main form of wind, the worlds attention, and the fastest.Wind energy technology is a high-tech; it relates more than a dozen of subjects, including meteorology, aerodynamics, structural mechanics, compu

6、ter technology, electronic control technology, material science, chemistry, electrical engineering, electrical engineering, so the difficulty of a system technology may beyond the difficulty of space technology.First, The division of wind energy technologies:Wind energy technology is divided into la

7、rge-scale wind power technology and small and medium sized wind power technology, although both are wind energy technology, working principles are the same, the two industries are completely different: specific performance of the policy orientation is different in different markets, different applic

8、ations, applied technology is different, totally belong to the same kinds of industries in the two sectors. Therefore, in China machinery industry meeting on the wind to large wind power and wind power to distinguish between small and medium treated separately. In addition, to meet different market

9、needs, extending from the wind and solar technology has not only promoted the development of small wind power technology, but also for the small wind power opens up new markets.1.Large-scale wind power technology:The technology of large-scale wind power in China still has a certain gap between inter

10、national. The technology of large-scale wind power technology or desalinate in Denmark and some other European countries, the wind power industry propelled by the government, because of the local wind resource-rich, large-scale wind power technology and equipment ahead of the international developme

11、nt. Our government has also started to boost the development of large-scale wind power technology, and a range of policies to guide industry development. Large-scale wind power technology are for the large-scale wind turbine design, wind turbine applications for large area on the very strict environ

12、mental requirements are applied to limited resources, wind energy resource-rich wind field, to accept a variety of perennial bad environment that something was the complex nature of the environment, high demands on the technology upon the line. Currently large-scale wind power technology in general

13、is not yet ripe, the core technology of large-scale wind power still rely on foreign, national policy guidance to the domestic wind power project launched in various places, like crazy, all over look forward to slice. Worthy of the name mad-electricity through the wind began to Negative effect and P

14、recaution policy. Although wind power projects have been started, but more as complementary type, complete with independent intellectual property rights of large-scale wind power systems technology and core technology few. The test environment needs to have been a large-scale wind power technology t

15、o mature. In addition, the large-scale wind power generation technology and network technology has also improved a number of issues still restrict the development of large-scale wind power technology.2.The technology of small wind power:The technology of small wind power in China could compare with

16、the international technology.In 1970s, the small wind power technology in China had been developed develop which has wind resources for a better situation, including Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang areas, the first small wind power technology is widely used in power transmission project to the Township for

17、 a one of farmers and herdsmen household power supply, continuously updated as the technology improvement and development, not only alone but also with the combination of complementary optical has been widely used in distributed independent power supply. These years as Chinese exports of small and m

18、edium wind steadily. Internationally, Chinas small and medium sized wind power technology and wind and solar technology have lea-pt to international leader ship.Small wind power t technology is mature and relatively small by natural resource constraints, distributed independent power as a sign if i

19、cant effect not only connected, but also the formation of more stable and reliable combination of optical complementary technologies scenery More over, technology is completely self-localization. Both from a technical or price in the international arena are very competitive; with international has n

20、ow started a small wind power in China brand; wall flower wall Bong has intensified. In the countrys most technical advantages and competitiveness of small and medium wind power has always been forgotten by the government and policy in a corner of reasons, in the early states has been to locate the

21、small and medium sized wind power in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, farmers and herdsmen in remote areas to use and return into the agricultural class, low cost, shoddy, low-performance reliability, security, no security of land mostly sparsely populated areas, most of the domestic market are subject to

22、loss of reliability of large price war; in people subconsciously form a poor understanding of So get national attention and development.Domestics mall wind power technology in he low wind start, low wind speed generation, pitch moment ,multiple protection, and a series of technical attention by the

23、international market and international clients unanimously approved, has a leading position. Moreover, the small and medium Wind power technology is ultimately distributed independent power supply to meet end - market, rather than large-scale wind power generation and network technologies to meet th

24、e domestic monopoly market, technology, update rate must be adapted to a broad and rapidly growing market.3.wind and solar technology:Wind is the integration of technical skills and the Small land Medium Wind Energy Solar Energy Technology, combines a variety of applications of new technology, and i

25、t covers many areas, the wide range of applications, technical differentiation is so great that a variety of techniques which can separate match.Wind and solar power is currently the world in the use of new energy technology the most mature, most large-scale and industrial development of the industr

26、y, separate and individual solar wind has its drawbacks of development, but both wind and solar power complementary combined to realize the two new configuration of energy in natural resources, the technical programs of integration, performance and price compared to aspects of the new energy source

27、for the most reasonable, not only reduces the demand to meet under the same unit cost and expand the scope of application of the market, also increases the reliability of the product.In addition: solar and wind power are both new energy, solar energy than the wind started to be late more than 30 per

28、 solar PV/W by the general public about the price of recognition can be converted to a 15% rate; while the price of small wind power conversion rationally 1/5-1/6 of the same 60%-80%,only the low price Worse still suppressed, photoelectric production of pollution on the environment greater than wind

29、 power, than substantial development in wind energy, this comparison contrast twist of meditation,if people use the energy from the point of view, our goal is to meet the electricity from wind power generating capacity to measure the cost of solar energy economy than many.Wind, solar and wind power

30、integration advantages, not only for the energy saving, emission reduction, opened up new horizons for the application of science to meet human needs, for the world to open a fourth revolution.Second，Wind power has three kinds of operation mode:One is independent operation mode, usually a small wind

31、 generators to one or a few families to provide power, storage battery energy, to ensure the electricity without wind, Second is the wind turbines and other power mode(such as engine power),combining to a unit or an village or an island power supply, Three is wind power into conventional power opera

32、te and to provide electric power grid, is often a wind tens or hundreds of sets installed wind generators, this is the main development direction of wind power.Wind power system in the two main parts is wind machine and generators. Wind turbines to change from adjusting technique, plasma generator t

33、oward VSCF technology, this is the development trend of wind power technology is the core technology nowadays wind turbines. The following simple introduction of this two respects.1 the change of wind plasma from regulationWind turbines impeller, will capture the wind by converting wind effects on t

34、he mechanical wheel torque.Change is the change from adjustment with vertical axis wind leaf surface of Angle, thus affecting the force and the blade, when the wind resistance increases, the output power of the fan is kept constant power output. By regulating mode, fan from the output power curve sm

35、ooth. In the rated wind leaf Angle of attack, controller will be placed near zero, do not change, approximate distance equal to adjust for pulp. In the rated wind above, variable structure control function from pulp, adjust the blade Angle of attack, the output power control in near ratings. Change

36、from the wind plasma starting from wind speed is set slurry machine downtime at low impact stress relative ease. The normal work, is mainly adopts power control, in practical applications, power and speed is directly proportional to the set. Small changes will cause the wind changes of wind.Due to t

37、he change of wind from pulp by adjusting the impact than other wind from small, can reduce material utilization rate, reduce overall weight. And the change of wind from accommodation type at low speed, can make the blades, keep good Angle of attack than accommodation type stall wind turbines have be

38、tter energy output, therefore is suitable for low average speed of the region.Change from another advantage of regulation, when the wind search a certain value, stall type of wind and downtime, must from type machine can gradually changes to the wind load without a blades of open mode, avoid wing, i

39、ncrease of wind turbine.Change is to adjust the defect is sensitive response requires gusts. Because the wind accommodation type stall fan vibration power pulse are small, and accommodation type from wind turbines is bigger, especially for the change from the constant speed windmills way, this kind

40、of circumstance, this does not require more obvious change in the fan is the response speed of wind system to fast enough, can reduce this phenomenon.Third, the development of wind energy technology requires constant.Innovation:At present, Chinas wind energy development in technological innovation i

41、s still very weak, the lack of core technologies within dependent intellectual property. Thus, much would import technology from abroad. Although the arrival of knowledge economy era, all countries take full advantage of global resources and international cooperation through the introduction of tech

42、nology to bridge the gap and competitiveness. But if there is no ability of independent innovation, not know what the introduction of advanced technologies, are not able to absorb the future, can not carry out another record, which is on the one hand; on the other hand, the core technology is the in

43、troduction of foreign countries cannot, and must be rely on innovation to master the core technology; Moreover, the domestic policy of independent innovation of technology needs to supporting, guiding, supporting, with the core technology of wind energy products to be increasing support, such a wall

44、 flower wall incense situation can be change, innovation and power can come from constant innovation.In short: the wind power industry continuing to creating in a single generation from wind energy technology to power the various areas of need, its additional products have emerged such as: street, l

45、andscape, traffic control, communication, irrigation, planting, breeding, sea water desalination, fire, alarm, islands, mountains and so on. Shows the development of wind energy in this new industry can be brought about numerous development and transformation of traditional industries, but the appli

46、cation of wind energy technology in various fields has become the industrys benchmark. World revolution will be caused by wind energy technology from the New Energy and Industrial revolution.风力发电技术风能是非常重要并储量巨大的能源，它安全、清洁、充裕，能提供源源不绝，稳定的能源。目前，利用风力发电已成为风能利用的主要形式，受到世界各国的高度重视，而且发展速度最快。风能技术是一项高新技术，它涉及到气象学、

47、空气动力学、结构力学、计算机技术、电子控制技术、材料学、化学、机电工程、电气工程、环境科学等十几个学科和专业，因此是一项系统技术，其难度毫不逊色于航天技术。一、风能技术的划分风能技术分为大型风电技术和中小型风电技术，虽然都属于风能技术，工作原理也相同，但是却属于完全不同的两个行业：具体表现在“政策导向不同、市场不同、应用领域不同、应用技术更是不同，完全属于同种产业中的两个行业。因此，在中国风力机械行业会议上已经把大型风电和中小型风电区分出来分别对待。此外，为满足市场不同需求，延伸出来的风光互补技术不仅推动了中小型风电技术的发展，还为中小型风电开辟了新的市场。1、大型风电技术我国大型风电技术与国

48、际还有一定差距。大型风电技术起源于丹麦、荷兰等一些欧洲国家，由于当地风能资源丰富，风电产业受到政府的助推，大型风电技术和设备的发展在国际上遥遥领先。目前我国政府也开始助推大型风电技术的发展，并出台一系列政策引导产业发展。大型风电技术都是为大型风力发电机组设计的，而大型风力发电机组应用区域对环境的要求十分严格，都是应用在风能资源丰富的资源有限的风场上，常年接受各种各样恶劣的环境考研，环境的复杂多变性，对技术的高度要求就直线上升。目前国内大型风电技术普遍还不成熟，大型风电的核心技术仍然依靠国外，国家政策的引导使国内的风电项目发疯一样在各地上马，各地都期望能借此分得一杯羹。名副其实的“疯电”借着政策

49、的东风开始燎原之势。虽然风电项目纷纷上马，但多为配套类型，完全拥有自主知识产权的大型风电系统技术和核心技术少之又少。还需经历几年环境考验的大型风电技术才能逐渐成熟。此外，大型风电技术中发电并网的技术还在完善，一系列的问题还在制约大型风电技术的发展。2、中小型风电技术我国中小型风电技术可以与国际相媲美。在本世纪70年代中小型风电技术在我国风况资源较好的内蒙、新疆一带就已经得到了发展，最初中小型风电技术被广泛应用在送电到乡的项目中为一家一户的农牧民家用供电，随着技术的更新不断的完善与发展，不仅能单独应用还能与光电组合互补已被广泛应用于分布式独立供电。这些年来随着我国中小型风电出口的稳步提升。在国际

50、上，我国的中小型风电技术和风光互补技术已跃居国际领先地位。中小型风电技术成熟受自然资源限制相对较小，作为分布式独立发电效果显著不仅可以并网，而且还能结合光电形成更稳定可靠的风光互补技术，况且技术完全自主国产化。无论从技术还是价格在国际上都十分具有竞争优势；加上现在在国际已打响了中小型风电的中国品牌；“墙内开花墙外香”已愈演愈烈。在国内最具技术优势和竞争力中小型风力发电一直是被政府和政策遗忘的一个角落，究其原因，在早期国家一直把中小型风力发电定位到内蒙、新疆等偏远地区农牧民使用且归入农机类，价格低廉、粗制滥造、性能可靠度低、安全无保障使用地多为人烟稀少区、国内市场大多都在丧失可靠性的前提下大打价

51、格战；在人们潜意识里形成较差的认识，因此得不到国家的重视和发展。目前国内中小型风电的技术中“低风速启动、低风速发电、变桨矩、多重保护等等一系列技术得到国际市场的瞩目和国际客户的一致认可，已处于国际领先地位。况且中小型风电技术最终是为满足分布式独立供电的终端市场，而非如大型风电技术是满足发电并网的国内垄断性市场，技术的更新速度必须适应广阔而快速发展的市场需求。3、风光互补技术风光互补技术是整合了中小型风电技术和太阳能技术，综合了各种应用领域的新技术，其涉及的领域之多、应用范围之广、技术差异化之大，是各种单独技术所无法比拟的。风能和太阳能是目前全球在新能源利用方面技术最成熟、最具规模化和产业化发展

52、的行业，单独的风能和单独的太阳能都有其开发的弊端，而风力发电和太阳能发电两者互补性的结合实现了两种新能源在自然资源的配置方面、技术方案的整合方面、性能与价格的对比方面都达到了对新能源综合利用的最合理，不但降低了满足同等需求下的单位成本，而且扩大了市场的应用范围，还提高了产品的可靠性。此外：太阳能和风能同属新能源，太阳能比风能起步要晚的多，太阳能光伏发电30元/瓦左右的价格受大众所认可，可转化率仅有15%左右；而中小型风力发电的价格仅为同等的1/5-1/6转化率却有60%-80%，仅此低的价格更有甚者还在打压，光电生产过程中对环境造成的污染远大于风电，却比风电能得到长足的发展，这样的对比反差耐人沉思，如果从人们用能的角度，最终是为了满足用电，从发电量来衡量风能的成本要比太阳能经济许多。风光互补整合了太阳能和风能优势，不仅为“节能、减排”开辟了新的天地，以应用科学来满足人类需求