2020年中考英语被动语态(共22张PPT)

1、被动语态邹老师课前梳理一主动语态与被动语态语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两类。1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。例如：I teach English.（主动语态） Our English is taught by him.（被动语态） He speaks English.（主动语态） English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（被动语态）He plants trees in spring. 主谓

2、宾(受动者)Treesare plantedbyhim主动语态变被动语态方法in spring.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow. 时 态 主 动 被 动一般现在时do/doesam/is/are done一般过去时didwas/were done 一般将来时will/shall dowill/shall be doneam/is/are going to doam/is/are going to be doneam/is/are to doam/is/are to be

3、 doneam/is/are about to do不用被动语态现在进行时am/is/are doingam/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doingwas/were being done将来进行时will/shall be doing不用被动语态现在完成时have/has donehave/has been done过去完成时had donehad been done将来完成时will/shall have donewill/shall have been done 过去将来时would/should dowould/should be donewas/wer

4、e going to dowas/were going to be donewas/were to dowas/were to be donewas/were about to do不用被动语态现在完成进行have/has been doing不用被动语态过去完成进行had been doing不用被动语态English is spoken in many countries all over the world .（一般现在时）Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. （一般过去时）The pr

5、oject is being carried out.（现在进行时）The case was being investigated then.（过去进行时）This novel has been translated into several languages. （现在完成时）They said that production costs had been reduced.（过去完成时）主动变被动易错点及特殊用法1.带双宾语的动词改为被动语态 She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动) I was sent a novel on my birthday.

6、 (被动) A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动) My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动) I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)由to引出间接宾语的动词有：give, show, pass, lend, take, tell等 由for引出间接宾语的动词有：buy, make, cook, get, sing, read等。2.带有复合宾语的主动语态变成被

7、动语态 The story made us laugh .(宾语补足语)We were made to laugh by the story. (主语补足语) They asked me to help them. (宾语补足语)I was asked to help them. (主语补足语) We saw them coming over. (宾语补足语)They were seen coming over. (主语补足语)3.带情态动词的被动结构带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为情态动词 + be + 过去分词。也有个别带to的情态动词例外，如：ought to和have to ，它们的被

8、动结构就只能在不定式中。 The debt must be paid off before next month. The debt has to be paid off before next month. Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. You ought to be criticized for your carelessness. 4.某些动词make, hear, see, find, watch等在主动语态中，其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式。但在变为被动语态时通常省略的不定式符号to必须恢复。如：He made us c

9、lean the classroom after school._ I saw him come into the room. _ 5. 在主动语态中如果谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词，变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词。 They must take good care of the children. _ 主动形式表被动1系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + 形容词/名词构成系表结构。如：The steel feel

10、s cold. His plan proved (to be) practical. It has gone bad. 2表示开始、结束、运动的动词。如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等。如：Work began at 7 oclock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 3表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。如read, write, act,start, begin, close, burn, cut, draw, drive, sell,

11、 wash, clean, wear, open, cook, lock, shut, eat, 。这类动词一般不单独使用，常用一个修饰语。如：Nylon cleans easily. 尼龙容易洗干净。 The door wont lock. 这门锁不上。 Your speech reads well. 你的演说讲得好。 Your pen writes smoothly. 你的笔好写。 The recorder wont play. 这录音机不转。 The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来。 The cloth washes well. 这布很耐洗。4少数含有持续状态的动词

12、，如print, cook, fry, hang, build, make习惯用于进行时表示被动含义。如：The books are printing. 这本书正在排印中。 The neat is cooking. 肉在煮。5. want ,deserve ,need ,require ,及worth等词后面的主动语态表被动意义。在这些动词后（worth除外），既可以接动名词又可接不定式，接动名词要求用主动语态表示被动意义，接不定式要用被动结构。如：The children require looking after =The children require to be looked aft

13、er6.当不定式与它修饰的词之间有动宾关系，并且与句子的主语在意思上有主谓关系时，虽然表示的意思为被动，但却用主动形式。如：We have many problems to solve.被动形式表主动含义的几种情况：be seated 坐着 be hidden 躲藏 be dressed 穿着 be pleased 高兴be occupied (in) 忙于be graduated (from) 毕业（于）be prepared (for) 准备 get married 结婚 常用被动语态的固定句型：It is believed /said/reported/hoped/supposed/ r

14、umored that人们相信/据说/据报道/人们希望/人们认为/据传言It must be pointed out that.必须指出.It is generally considered that.一般认为.It is well known that.大家都知道.It must be admitted that.必须承认.例如：It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. It is rumored that he has been appointed as successor to the president of

15、our company . 随堂测试1. Our house_, A . is getting paintB . is getting painted C . is got painted D . has got to paint 2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend . A . was met byB . was metC . was meetingD . met by 3.The war_in 1937. A . was broken out B . had been broken out C . has broken out D . br

16、oke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A . crossB . be crossingC . be crossed byD . cross by 5.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A . been invitedB . been invited forC . invited toD . been invited to 6.It_this way. A . is had to doB . is had to be doneC . had to be doneD .

17、 has to do 7.It_this way. A used to doB . used to be doneC . is used to doD . is used to doing 8._Chaplin. A . The childs name was calledB . The childs name calls C . The child callsD . The child is named 9.The sports meeting_ . A . is put offB . is to put offC . is to be put offD . puts off 10.Mary realized she_ A . was making fun of B . was made fun C . was being made fun ofD . was being made fun 改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ b