高中英语五大句型市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件

1、高中英语五大基本句型第1页一、句子成份：定义 ：组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。主要成份：主语和谓语其它成份：宾语、定语、状语、补足语（宾补）、表语、同位语。第2页I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语第3页主语（subject）：句子说明人或事物 。Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect t

2、he old.What he has said is true.第4页找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主

3、语从句是真正主语）第5页谓语：说明主语动作、状态和特征。简单谓语: 由动词或动词词组组成：I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.复合谓语: 由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.He has caught a bad cold.She doesnt seem to like dancing.The little girl is drawing a picture. 第6页（三）宾语动作对象或承受者及物动词或介词宾语宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾

4、语指人.He gave me some books. 间接宾语 直接宾语第7页Please pass me the book.He bought me some flowers.I like my job.I love you.He wanted to leave here.They enjoyed playing computer games.第8页（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy.There are 67students in our class.Do you known bettys sister?He bought some sleep

5、ing pills.There is a sleeping baby in bed.His spoken language is good.I met a friend on my way home.第9页（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征句子成份.I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.第10页I waited to see you

6、.He often went to school by bus.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.第11页（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子意义完整。这类惯用及物动词有 make, consider

7、, see, find, call, get, have, let. I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.第12页（七）表语系动词之后成份，表示主语性质、状态和特征.常见系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel, smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get, grow,come, go等。 系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.Th

8、at sounds good.第13页The war was over.They seem to know the truth.Time is precious.Im not quite myself today.Who was the first?The book is what I need.第14页（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们性质和情况. We young people should respect the old.名词He himself will do the experiment.代词He told me the news that our team won the

9、game.从句He told me the news that I am interested in.从句第15页句子成份练一练：1.Class begins at eight.2.The kind teachers are having a meeting.3.This is the student who was absent yesterday.4.Put up your hand if you have any questions.5.Smoking does harm to your health.6.There is a pen on the desk.第16页7.Who teac

10、hes your maths, Xiao Hua?8.This story happened in London.9.The rich should help the poor get jobs.10.This weekend, some of us are going to have a wonderful picnic with the teacher.第17页写一写：1.我父母都是教师。My parents are both teachers.2.他今天看起来不开心。He looks unhappy today.3.帮助穷人是必须。It is necessary to help the

11、poor.4.这个故事发生在北京。The story happened in Beijing.5.我们学生应该努力学习。We students should study hard.第18页二、简单句五种基本句型： 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，能够发觉其内在联络，找出其共同规律。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。英语五种基本句型列式以下： 基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： +link- + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主谓宾） 基本句型四： + +IO +

12、（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）第19页基本句型一： +（主谓）本结构是由主语+不及物动词组成, 惯用来表示主语动作。例：The sun rises. Tom has already left.主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。The red sun rises in the east.Tom left yesterday.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake.第20页基本句型二： +link- +（主系表）本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:1.表示特征

13、和存在状态 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2.表示状态延续 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3.表示状态改变 become, get, turn, go, fall, come, grow;第21页Link-（系动词）(表语)1. This 2. The dinner3. He 4. Everything5. He 6. The book 7. The weather 8. His face is smellsfelt looks is is becameturned an Engl

14、ish dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting.warm. red. 第22页 基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾）此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实义，都是主语产生动作，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第23页（实义动词）(宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I 8. He knows laugh at cooks made ate likes want said the answer? her. mea

15、l everyday. cakes. some apples. English very much.to have a cup of tea. Good morning. 第24页基本句型四: + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人） +直接宾语（事物）”组成。例：My mother bought me a birthday gift. He gave me a story book.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for. My mother bought a birthday gift for me. He ga

16、ve a story book to me.用to侧重指动作方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。第25页常跟双宾语动词有：（需借助to）bring, give, lend, hand, pass(递、传）, offer, send, take, teach, tell, write, ask, show等；（需借助for ） bring, buy, cook, choose, find, get, make, sing等。第26页271Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给

17、列车员看。 Mr. Johnson taught us Germanlast year.Grandma told me an interesting storylast night.Would you please pass me the dictionary?He showed the ticket to the conductor.第27页基本句型 五: + + +（主谓宾宾补）此句型句子共同特点是：动词即使是及物动词，不过只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思，必须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语和宾语补足语有逻辑主谓关系，若无宾语补足语句意不完整，能够用作宾补有名词，形容词，副

18、词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词.The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.第28页（及物）（宾语）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house