fire prevention what can we do防火我们能做什么

1、Fire Prevention What Can We Do?防火我们可以做什么？1Goals/Objectives 目标Apply risk management principles to fire safety and fire protection issues at Valspar facilities. 在威士伯工厂，应使用风险管理的原理预防火灾。Identify 识别Evaluate, and 评估Control 控制The training will allow you to evaluate fire prevention and protection as part of

2、an effective safety management system at your facility. 通过培训，您能够评估您的工厂里火灾预防和保护系统，并将之作为有效的安全管理体系。2Fires at Valspar Valspar发生的火灾 SPARK INGNITES THINNER AT VALSPAR PLANT(News & Record, Greensboro, NC, 1/28/2004)在Valspar工厂火花点燃了稀释剂（格林斯博罗，硝化棉，2004年1月28日）FY 2002 FY 2006 155 fire incidents20022006年度共发生了155起

3、火灾事故 129 fires w/flame 129起明火事故 26 near misses 26起未遂事故3External NC Warehouse室外硝化棉仓库4Dongguan NC Warehouse东莞硝化棉仓库5Shanghai Warehouse上海仓库6NoLocation场所Date日期Ignition Source点火源Item/Equipment Description描述1Huarun华润2007-11-17Static discharge静电A small fire happened when batch production was finished and th

4、e bottom of the drain valve on the reactor was opened.在打开排料底阀时，燃起了小火。2Selangor雪兰莪州2008-1-1Frictional Heat/ Spark磨擦生热/火花Vapor/Air Mixture - ignited at the top inside of a mixing tank that was under high speed agitation. Metal to metal contact producing frictional sparks was ignition source. The fire

5、was quickly put out by employees with hand held fire extinguishers.在高速搅拌时，分散缸内顶部的蒸气-空气混合物被点燃。金属与金属相撞击，产生的磨擦火花是火灾的点火源。这起火灾很快被员工用手提灭火器扑灭。3Bangkok曼谷2008-4-9Electrical Arc/Sparking电弧/电火花 Transformer fuse lose 3 phase and breaker in MDB broke down 5 units.变压器上的保险丝断了三根，断路器中断了5个生产单元。4Huarun华润2008-4-12Spont

6、aneous Combustion自燃Stored dangerous goods waste spontaneously combusted.存放的危险废弃物自燃5Shanghai上海2008-5-20Electrical Arc/Sparking电弧/电火花 Fire in the new mill ex-proof panel - damage limited to power box 在新的砂磨机防爆控制箱中发生火灾-仅损坏了电源箱6Shanghai上海2008-9-3Non rated Fork Truck非防爆叉车 在甲类仓库里从3层高的货架上取货时，两桶快干石脑油跌落。1桶裂开，

7、泄漏了20升。进行了糟糕的清理，造成了溶剂溅入其中一名员工的眼睛里，之后，另一名员工将一辆非防爆叉车开进仓库，点燃了泄露出来的溶剂。灭火系统未能启动。当地消防队扑灭了这场大火。仓库中2/3的物资被烧毁，1人烧伤。7燃烧三角形氧气点火源可燃物8Heat (Ignition Sources)点火源Open flames 明火Lightning 雷电Hot surfaces 高温表面Radiant heat 辐射热Smoking 吸烟Hot work 动火作业Spontaneous ignition自燃Frictional heat or sparks 摩擦生热或火花Static electrici

8、ty 静电Electrical sparks 电火花Stray currents 漏泄电流Ovens, furnaces, heating equipment 烘箱、加热炉等加热设备9Fire Prevention Plan 防火计划Minimum Elements should include至少应包含:fire hazards; 火灾的危害handling and storage procedures; 处理和储存程序ignition sources; 点火源fire protection equipment; 消防设备waste materials; maintenance of saf

9、eguards; 废物管理；安全装置的维修维护responsibility (sources of ignition or fires); 控制点火源或火灾的职责responsibility (control of fuel source hazards). 控制可燃物的职责employee information 员工信息10What Can We Do? 我们能够做什么？Reduce inventory: less fuel = smaller fire 控制库存：减少可燃物减小火灾危险性Reduce flammable storage in laboratories 减少实验室储存的可燃

10、物 Reduce flammable storage under mezzanine tanks 减少中间容器中储存的可燃物 Eliminate flammable drums in tank farms清理在储罐区存放的装有可燃物的桶Eliminate routine yard storage 减少日常露天堆放Fire Prevention Plan防火计划11What Can We Do?我们能做什么？Housekeeping 内务管理（5S管理）No loose powder on floors or overhead surfaces 地面或过热表面上没有粉尘No spilled ma

11、terials of any kind allowed to stand 没有任何残存的泄露物No resin or paint build up on exterior tank, floor or other surfaces 罐的外表面、地面或其它表面没有树脂或油漆 Fire Prevention Plan防火计划12What Can We Do?我们能做什么？Secure loose goods 紧固松散的物料Containers that are stacked above ground level must be strapped to secure them from falli

12、ng in storage or while moving to/from height堆放在高处的容器必须用绷带绑紧，以防跌落 Pots that are moved must be secured to the fork truck 叉车上的容器必须与叉车安全地固定在一起Drum grabbers must be secured to the fork truck 抓桶器必须与叉车紧固在一起Materials must be secured/strapped before loading to the mezzanine物资必须紧固/绑紧，直至添加到中间容器中Develop pallet

13、standard and inspection to validate usage for flammables 制定地台板标准，检查地抬板是否状况良好Fire Prevention Plan防火计划13Overflow protection 防溢流All fixed bulk tanks and liquid tanks must be equipped with overflow protection 所有的固定储罐、液体储罐必须有防溢流设施Overflow protection must stop further addition into the tank at a set point

14、 equal to 95% or less of the tank capacity 防溢流装置的安全设定值必须小于或等于储罐容量的95%Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？14Mechanical integrity 机械完整性All transfer hoses must be inspected quarterly and repaired or removed from service if damaged必须每季度对所有的输送管道进行检查，如有损坏，应维修或更换All BOVs must be inspected annuall

15、y所有底阀必须每年检查一次All tanks must be inspected every 5 years 所有储罐必须每五年检查一次Transfer piping systems must be inspected every 5 years 管道输送系统必须每五年检查一次Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？15Container filling向容器中加料 Container filling must be via automatic fill machines to preset weight or manned during t

16、he entire fill process. Manned = hand on valve and watching process. 必须使用自动加料设备进行加料作业，事先可设定好参数或者在整个加料过程中“有人操纵”。“有人操纵”是指手动操作阀门并监视加料过程。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？16 Vapor control蒸气控制 All tank lids must be covered when not currently open for material additions如果不是在加料，所有罐的盖子都必须盖上。VOC

17、detectors should be installed in plants and warehouses TBD应在车间和仓库安装可燃气体探测仪。Sufficient ventilation must be designed and used at all times 必须有足够强度的通风系统，并一直使用。Eliminate solvent cleaning/mopping of floors and equipment inside buildings禁止用溶剂清洗/擦洗建筑物内的地面和设备。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？17

18、Material transfer pumps to have emergency shut down物料输送泵装有急停按钮。Material transfer pumps to be auto shut down in fire situation 发生火灾时，物料输送泵能够自动关闭。Monitor Tank Heating监控反应釜中的加热操作 Materials will heat even if only agitation is used. Install high temp alarms on all fixed mixing tanks 仅当物料在搅拌时，可以进行加热。在所有固定

19、的分散缸上安装高温报警装置。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？18Install remote indicator BOV (Blow Off Valve) on all fixed mixing tanks to display at tank add area. 在所有固定的分散缸上安装应急排放阀。Addition systems must be linked to BOV position 必须有一个额外的收集系统与应急排放阀相连。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？19So

20、me employees to remain in the factory whenever batches are in progress (during lunch, breaks, training) 无论何时加料（午餐时间、休息时间、培训时），都应有员工留在现场。A detailed Shut Down Inspection Check List is to be completed before plant closure在车间停工前，完成一个详细的设备/阀门关停检查清单。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？20Electric

21、al电Areas used for storing or mixing flammable materials must be designed to handle these materials.储存或者搅拌易燃物料的区域必须符合相应的设计要求。All electrical panels in flammable areas must remain closed 易燃易爆区域里的所有控制箱必须保持封闭。Area electrical classifications must be completed every 5 years or when major changes are made每5

22、年或者当有重大变更时，必须重新划分电气防爆等级。 Area electrical audits must be completed annually close all openings每年必须完成有关电气问题的审核项-关闭所有的审核发现项。Thermal graphic imaging and repairs must be completed 2x per year必须每年进行2次热成象扫描，并修理有问题的设备/线路。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？21Flammable material storage or use areas

23、 to have sufficient lightening protection 在易燃物料储存和使用区域，采取足够的防雷保护措施。Protection must be inspected 2x per year必须每年2次检查防雷设施。 Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？22Material Handling Equipment 物料处理设备Powered equipment used in mixing or indoor storage areas must be rated EE 在生产、储存区域里使用的动力设备必须是EE级防

24、爆设备。Non rated fork trucks must be painted to clearly identify them as FIRE CAUSING VEHICLE非防爆叉车必须刷上醒目的油漆，以便员工能够清楚地辨认出哪些是容易引起火灾的设备。EE rated trucks must be tested for compliance once per year 必须每年一次检测EE级防爆叉车的防爆性能。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？23Outside vehicles keep external cars and t

25、rucks away (5 m) from all factories and warehouses 室外车辆-外来车辆与车间、仓库保持5米以上的距离。Use flame arrestors on vehicle exhaust lines在车辆的排气管上安装阻火器。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？24Static Control静电控制Bonding and grounding compliance must be improved. 静电的连接和接地措施必须有效。Check grounding systems and contin

26、uity annually每年检查接地系统及其连续性。Add anti-stat to all non polar solvents including drums and pails向桶、罐中的非极性溶剂添加抗静电剂。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？25Collect potential ignition sources from people before entering plant: matches and lighters要求所有人员在进入工厂前，交出潜在的点火源，如火柴、打火机等。Purchasing and Securi

27、ty to re-remind all incoming suppliers when making deliveries 在运送货物时，采购及安全部门再次提醒进入工厂的供应商注意有关安全事宜。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？26Mechanical integrity机械完整性 Check all agitators and other rotating equipment to:检查所有的分散机以及其它转动设备，目的是：Eliminate metal to metal contact避免金属与金属的撞击/摩擦；Repair or

28、replace bearings in a timely manner及时修理或者更换转轴（轴承）。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？27Eliminate Metal to metal contact避免金属与金属的撞击/摩擦Use spark proof tools around open mixing and filling areas在防火防爆区域使用无火花型工具。Check ventilation systems for explosion proof components: motors, fans, etc检查通风系统中的

29、防爆设备，如电动机、风扇等Clean ducts of accumulated materials 2x per year每年2次清理通风管中积聚的粉尘。Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？28Hot Work动火作业 Eliminate all possible hot work involving welding or grinding or open flames in flammable production and storage areas尽可能不在易燃物品的生产、储存区域里进行动火作业，包括烧焊、打磨及明火作业。Requir

30、e Operations Director Approval for HW in these areas要求运营总监批准这些区域里的动火作业See Hot Work Procedures详见动火作业程序 Move Hot Work area away from the plant尽可能地不在车间里动火Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？29Oxygen Control: Inert tanks where possible控制氧气浓度：如果可能，向罐内充入惰性气体 Keep tanks lids closed容器的开口保持密闭Consid

31、er Add N2 pad to bulk storage tanks在大型储罐上安装氮封阀 Consider Add N2 pad to fixed mixing tanks在固定的分散缸上安装氮封阀 Consider N2 suppression for response to tank fire针对储罐火灾，安装氮气灭火系统 Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？30Nitro cellulose see NC standard 硝化棉-详见硝化棉标准（不适用于华润/大地）Prepare for NC to start burning

32、 at any time minimize potential fire spreading 时刻提防硝化棉发生火灾-尽量减小火灾蔓延的可能性Minimize total inventory plan for daily receipts减少储存量-按日常使用量进行规划 Return or dilute NC inventories over 6 months old 稀释超过6个月的硝化棉或者将其退回供应商Secure all NC drums in lift cage or on pallets lifted to mezzanine将硝化棉放入升降吊笼里或者货盘上，转移到夹层存放Use

33、NC immediately after delivery to production floor 硝化棉运到车间后，应立即使用掉No NC left unattended on production floor 禁止在生产车间存放硝化棉且又无人看管Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？31VLFP very low flash point materials 0C低闪点物料（闪点0）Store Propylene oxide in separate cabinet环氧丙烷存放于独立的隔间 Store other VLFP material

34、s away from other flammables 其它的低闪点物料与可燃物分开存放Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？32FIRE SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL 消防与控制Train to have 2 people minimum on each shift with through knowledge of fire system operations require this in on-going operations 每班次至少有2人接受了消防系统所有操作知识的培训Test existing fire

35、systems monthly water flow test required每月检测消防系统-要求进行流水测试Check fire pump operation weekly 每周检查消防泵的运行情况Keep and certify pre-act systems are in automatic monthly 对于自动装置，每月实施和验证启动前检查制度Test foam quality annually 每年检测泡沫的质量Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？33FIRE SUPPRESSION AND CONTROL消防与控制 E

36、liminate powered fire doors禁用动力驱动的防火门 Brick up openings where possible如果可能，堵塞该通道 Install fusible link fire doors where openings between rooms must be maintained隔间之间通道上的防火门安装熔断链 Set up foam cannons to cover yard storage and staging areas 在室外储存和运输区域放置泡沫消防炮Install water sprinklers in waste storage area

37、s在废弃物储存区域安装水喷淋系统Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？34What Can We Do?我们能做什么？If any part of the Fire System is O/S inform all plant/warehouse employees 如果消防系统的任何环节出现故障，应通知所有车间/仓库的员工Inform FM via red tag system 使用红标制度通知FM公司NO HOT WORK CAN BE PERFORMED禁止任何动火作业 See FM reports for specific fire

38、 system improvements详见FM报告中消防系统的改进HSE Managers to develop a complete understanding of the fire control system for the sites under their supervision. HSE经理对所管辖的区域里的消防控制系统有一个全面的了解。HSE Managers to audit fire systems on plant visits HSE经理在各工厂视察过程中审核消防系统35Building Design and Practices 建筑设计Install plastic

39、 skylights that will burn up and allow smoke and heat to rise upwards during fire在火灾发生时，塑料天窗会被烧着，烟雾和热量向上升，火灾会蔓延到其它区域Remove combustible materials connecting buildings to reduce possibility that fire can spread between buildings清除建筑物之间可燃的连接结构，以减少火灾在建筑物间蔓延的可能性Eliminate storage of flammables on outside

40、building walls and between buildings 清理建筑物外以及建筑物之间存放的可燃物Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？36Policies and Procedures 政策和程序Fire Prevention Audits 防火审核Each site to review in depth the Fire Prevention audits on a quarterly basis各个工厂每季度深入开展“防火审核”Operations Manager is responsible for full unde

41、rstanding of details and certification of this audit. 运营经理有责任全面了解这次审核的详细情况Details must be reviewed and questions asked to fully understand the completeness of the answer. It is not enough to say yes we have a maintenance contractor that we employ to maintain the fire system. What does the contractor

42、 do? How do you know he really does this?必须评审各个环节，充分地了解并解决提出的问题。仅仅说“是的，我们雇用了承包商来维护消防系统”是不够的。承包商做了些什么？您怎样知道他真的这样做了？Fire Prevention Plan防火计划What Can We Do?我们能做什么？37Spill response changed as follows:按照如下要求修订泄漏应急程序：Shut down liquids plant: all transfers, mixers, mills, pumps 关闭工厂：所有的运输机械、分散机、砂磨机、泵等All plant, warehouse, maintenance personnel to respond with PPE 所有车间、仓库、维修人员都应穿戴个人防护设备，参与泄漏应急Maintenance to bring LEL meter and monitor 安全组拿来可燃气体检测仪，监测现场可燃气体的浓度Secure the spi