时态总结讲义-英语高考一轮复习语法部分

1、时态一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时X将来一般将来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时X过去将来过去将来时过去将来进行时X过去将来完成时X过去将来完成进行时X一、一般现在时表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括sometimes, often, usually, always, vccasicnallv, now and then, on weekends, on Sundans, every week/inonth/year 等She always takes a walk in the ev

2、ening.He often does his homework in his study.一般现在时表示客观真理、科学事实、自然现象、谚语格言中，此用法即使出现在 过去语境中，也用一般现在时。The moon goes around the earth.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败 He said the earth is round.主句是一般将来时，由 when, after, before, as soon as, the minute,whenever 等弓I 导的 时间状从和 由if, unless, as kmw as, once 等引导的条件状从和

3、 however,even if 等引导的 让步状从中一般用一般现在时。如:Ill go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.I will tell her when she comes tomorrow.Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.在以here, there开头的句子里，go, come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动 作。例如:There goes (he bell.铃响了。There come

4、s the bus.汽车来 J。Here she comes.她来了。二、一般过去时表示过去经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用的时 间状语有 vesterdav, the day before、esterda、f, an hour ao, the other dayjast month/、ear, just now, in 1982, in the old days, in the past, when I was、ou叫 when I was in London.when I was a child 等I received two letters last we

5、ek.The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2(X)8.When I was in Beijing, I often went to Beijing university.表示某人过去的经历1)Have you graduated from the university?Yes, I learned English for 4 years in the university.- Have you finished your homework ?Yes, I(finish) it within half an hour.I(be) in London

6、 for 10 years, but I have never regretted returning to China.think，intend, wonder, realize等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到/打算/想到等I thought you were a student.I didnt think /realize you failed again.I didnt intend I。hurt you.used to do sth过去博常做某事We used to spend our vacation in the mountains句型. It is (hih/about) ti

7、me sb did sth/ It is time that sb should do sth. 是时候该干某事了It is time you went to bed. wish/would rather sb did sth宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟I would rather you caine toinorrow/now.三、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。常见的时间状语next dav/weck/month, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段，before+时间点，in the future 等.wi

8、ll/shall do sth1)表示1.事物的固有属性或必然趋势；Fish will die without water.will表示将来，有时含2.偶然性、临时性的决定的意思。Do you know Mr. Smith has come (o our town?-No, I will go and visit him right now.be going to do sthi)表示事先考虑过，i.计划、打算做某事，注意区分一下win表示临时性决定的 用法。He is going to speak on Tv this evening.2)表示N根据现有迹象对未来进行推断。Look at t

9、he dark clouds. It is going to rain.注意：was大。加父fo表示过去本打算做某事,但未做Tom, you didnt come to the party last night?I was -oina to、but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.be doing sth有些表方位移动的由词如come, go, leave, arrive, fly, return等,其现在 进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。Im leaving fbr Beijing next month.be about to

10、do sth.(when). / be on the point of doing sth (when)”即将做某事(这 时突然)”某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情,此种用法常常用于火车时 刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。We must huny up. The first class begins at 8 oclock.The train leaves al 5 and arrives al 8.be to do sth1)表示按计划或安排要做的事She is to get married next month.2)表示“应该”,相当于should, ough

11、t to.You are to report it to the police.3)表示“想,打算“，相当宇intend, want.If we are to be there before ten, we Ml have to go now.四、现在进行时am/is /are doing sth表示说话时正在发生的动作，有时也表示一段时间内持续进行的动作,常见的时间状语为二 now, at present, at the moment, these days 等I am writing a novel these days.Fm doing a word puzzle in this new

12、spaper.与 be always doing sth , constantly, continually, forever, all the time 等连用，带有 厌恶、批评、不喜欢、赞扬等感情色彩。You are always putting your things around. 你总是.He is always helping others.2)以下四类动词一般不用现在进行时感觉类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear 等The soup tastes good.情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate

13、, fear, adore 等I love my dad and mum.心态类： wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, agree, know, remember, forget 等I dont believe my eyes.存在状态类：appear, lie, remain, belong, have 等Those books belong to Mr. Li.五、过去进行时 was/were doing sth表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。Is there anything Wrong Bob? You look sa

14、d.-Oh, nothing much. In fact I was just thinking of mv friend back home.Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.Where was I?You were saying you didnt like your fathers job.Hey, look where you are going?Oh, I m terribly sorry. I wasnt noticing.六、将来进行时will be doin口 sth表示将来某时正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。Doctor W

15、ang will be civinq another talk on this subject at the same time next week.This time tomorrow I will be watching you play on TV.七、现在完成时have/has done sth表示过去某个动作已经完成，或者动作从过去发生一直延续到现在,强调对现在的影响， 常见的时间状语有，for+一段时间，since+过去时间，since then, ever since, s。far/ bv now/ until now/ uv to no。、 latel、/rccenth , i

16、n the past/last (few/ten years), 还有 already, vet, just, never, ever, still 等常跟现在完成时连用。In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.He has written 8 books so far.I have already seen the film.They have worked here since they left college.By now/Until now/ Up to now, I has remem

17、bered 3()(X) English words.在“最高级+名词”的句子中用用现在完成时This is the best tea( that) I have ever drunk.This is the best film I have ever seen.It/This is the first/second.time(that) sb have done sth 某人第几次做某事This is the first time (that) I have come here.It+ has been/is +一段时间 + since sb did sth 表示动作从终止已经多久了。It

18、has been five years since he lived here.他不在这工作已经 5 年了。It has been five years since he began to work here.他在这工作已经五年 了。It has been 3 years since he smoked.他不吸烟已经三年了。4V- have/has gone to去了某地，还未回来Yhave/has been to去过某地，已经回来Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.S

19、he has been there.5)非延续性动词连用，即瞬间动词，如 join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表 示一.时间的状语连用.如他参军已经三年了可采用：1)“ago 法”：He joined the army three years ago.2)“延续法：He has served in the army for three years.He has been a soldier fo

20、r 3 years.He has been in the army for 3 years.3) “since 法“：It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 翻译：他和玛丽结婚已经三年了。延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:结婚 marry- be married买 延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:结婚 marry- be married买 buyhave死亡 die -be dead;生病 fall ill be ill；感冒 catch / get a cold-have a cold；成为 become - be；睡着

21、 fall asleepbe asleep；认识 get to know -know；穿 put on wear；醒 wake up -be awake翻开 turn on -be on睡觉 go to sleep be asleep翻开/关闭 open/close sth -keep sth open/closed；参加joinbe in+组织机构或be a member of +组织机构;上学 go to schoolbe in school / be a student;交朋友 make friends withbe friends with借borrow -keep;离开 leave

22、-be away结束 finish / end / stop-be over 起床 get upbe up；照去 conie/go here -be here/there； 回来 come backbe back；至!J达 get to/ arrive/reach be (in)； 出去 go (get) out -be out； 去国外 go abroad be abroad; 关闭 turn offbe off动身 leave for-be off for失业 lose one*s job / workbe out of work / a job 等八、过去完成时had done sth表

23、示“过去的过去”，必须找过去的时间作为参照点，常见的时间状语有，by+过去时间,by the end of + 过去时间， by the time + 过去时间. b、then, until then 等。He had learned some English before she came to the institute.He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.By 1998. he had studied French for 2 years.By the end of last year, I had remembered 5000 wo

24、rds.By then he had learned English for 3 years.Until then he had known nothing about it yet.By the time he arrived home, his mother had cooked supper for him.By the time he was 12 years old, he had built a lab for himself.表示愿望、打算的词 如：had planned/intended/hoped/expected/ineant, want, wish, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.had